Muscle performance is influenced by:

Functional strength can be defined as:

Work produced over a very brief period of time (single burst of high intensity activity).

Work produced over an extended period of time (repetitive burst of less intense activity).

Ability to perform low intensity repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.

Repetitive dynamic motor activities like walking/cycling.

(total body endurance)

Local anaerobic endurance.

Endurance exercises should be ____ intensity and ____ repetitions.

The amount of resistance applied is progressively increased in:

The time of sustained contraction or number of repetitions is increased in:

- Exercise program should have specificity

- Exercises given should mimic the function you are trying to improve.

These are examples of the:

- "Use it or lose it"

- increase in strength or endurance are transient unless training induced improvements are regularly used for functional activities.

These are examples of the:

Type I (aka tonic) slow twitch fibers are predominantly found in postural muscles.

Factors influencing fatigue.

In intrasession recovery, _____ minutes are needed for a muscle to recover from acute muscle fatigue so that it can regenerate _______ of pre-exercise capacity.

Recovery between exercise sessions.

Determined by the muscle fiber direction/muscle's line of pull.

Helps maintain alignment, ensure correct muscle action, avoid substitute motions.

This should never be so great as to cause pain.

As ___________ increases, cardiovascular risks increase. Incorporate rhythmic breathing to minimize these risks.

Used to identify an initial exercise load and to create a baseline.

10 RM is at approximately ____ intensity of a 1 RM.

Sum of total repetitions and sets multiplied by the intensity of the exercise.

After RM is determined, the exercise load to be used at the beginning of a program is expressed as a percentage of RM.

_______ sessions per week is recommended to increase muscle power.

Large muscle groups and multi-joint exercises should be performed after single-joint exercises.

- non weight-bearing

- distal segment moves freely

- tends to allow more control and probably safe in the early phase of rehab.

- weight-bearing position

- distal segment is fixed

- less joint shear forces, results in less friction/wear and tear

- best choice for balance of posture control due to stimulation of sensory receptors in a great number of mm.

Better when developing strength throughout normal ROM.

Used when avoiding painful arcs because of joint instabilities or to protect healing tissues.

Concentric Contractions: as the muscle shortens the velocity __________, the force that the muscle generates ___________.

Eccentric Contractions: as the velocity of muscle lengthening __________, force production ____________ then levels off.

There is no "best" form/type of resistance training.

Resistance force applied by the therapist for a dynamic or static contraction.

Most effective during early stage of rehab when mm. are weak (<4/5)

Not useful for in-home programs unless caregiver present.

Any type of exercise where the resistance is applied by using equipment.

Most appropriate during intermediate and advanced phases of rehab (strength > 4/5).

Disadvantages of ______________ resistance exercises:

- Not appropriate when muscle are very weak

- Maximally loads the muscle at only one point in the ROM

- Expensive

- No accommodation for painful arc.

Prevents/minimizes atrophy when joint movement is not advisable d/t immobilization.

Helps increase muscle strength if unable to use dynamic resistance exercises.

___________ contractions may be easier in early rehab.

Limitation: Contracting muscle is challenged maximally at one point in the ROM where the maximum torque of the resistance matches the maximum torque of the muscle.

Limb moves through ROM against a constant external load (free weights).

Ex. DCER

Specially designed exercise equipment varies the level of resistance to the contracting muscles to load the muscle more effectively at different point in its ROM.

Resistance altered by a:

- special cam

- lever arm system

- hydraulics/pneumatics

- elastic (theraband/tubing)

Isokinetic refers to movement that occurs at an equal/constant speed.

For most adults: _________ reps against a _________ load.

Precautions for resistance exercises.

Contraindications to resistance training.

High intensity and high velocity exercises that emphasize development of muscular power/coordination. Characterized by quick bursts of force in functional movement patterns.

Effectiveness not as clear as other training methods.