(Skeletal muscle relaxants) These drugs are also known as spasmolytics.

Although grouped under a single drug class, skeletal muscle relaxants are a ___________________________________ with variable pharmacologic and safety profiles. Used primarily for local muscles spasms and spasticity

____________________ or cramps are sudden, involuntary contractions of a muscle or group of muscles

__________________, typically caused by injury or illness, is a continuous muscle spasms that causes stiffness, rigidity, or tightness that can interfere with normal walking, talking, or movement.

Multiple sclerosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, ligament strain, and tension syndrome.

muscle relaxants, generally work centrally by ___________ interneural activity in the spinal cord and leading to reduce muscle tone/function and pain sensations.

Most muscle relaxants also cause ___________ and ____________ and may cause dependence and have abuse potential with long-term use

Select the Common Muscle Relaxants

Select the Common Muscle Relaxants

Select the Common Muscle Relaxants

The majority of muscle relaxants work at synapse between upper and lower motor neuron. Aim to shut down communication.

The benzodiazepines ______________ is an allosteric GABA^A receptor agonists commonly used as a muscle relaxant.

GABA receptor agonists, also known as benzodiazepines or barbiturates are primarily administered as sedatives to help reduce anxiety and agitation.

Is which of the following medications?

_______________ are positive allosteric modulators (increase natural activation of receptors).

_______________ activate GABA receptors by binding to _______________ site, allow inhibitory negative ions to enter neuron, and are therefore CNS depressants.

________________ is prescribed for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with muscle spasms and back pain; however, it’s effectiveness for this use has been questioned.

A substantial percentage is metabolized to meprobamate, a drug with barbiturate-like properties.

this is which of the following medications?

It's mechanism of action is as a prodrug for a GABA^A receptor agonist on motor neurons projecting from spinal cord.

this is which of the following medications?

Side effects are mostly related to the CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, tremor, agitation, irritability, headache, depressive reactions, syncope, and insomnia.

this is which of the following medications?

• May also adversely affect cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and hematologic systems.

this is which of the following medications?

_____________ activates metabotropic GABA^B receptor pre- and post-synaptically in spinal cord.

this is which of the following medications?

GABA^B receptor activation releases G proteins with α subunits that then bind to K+ or Ca2+ channels.

this is which of the following medications?

Increased K+ efflux leads to long-lasting inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.

This is which of the following medications?

Reduced Ca2+ influx may account decreased presynaptic neurotransmitter release.

This is which of the following medications?

_____________ is a muscle relaxant used for the treatment of spasticity, primarily spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis and after stroke .

This is which of the following medications?

Central alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist and presumably reduces spasticity by increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons.

This is which of the following medications?

Common side effects include Chest pain or discomfort, fever or chills, nausea or vomiting, nervousness, pain or burning while urinating, unusual tiredness.

This is which of the following medications?

alpha-2 is found presynaptically, inhibits adenylate cyclase, and is generally inhibitory on neuronal activity .

______________ is believed to primarily work by blocking central N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in motor neurons of spinal cord.

This is which of the following medications?

______________ is believed to primarily work by blocking central N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in motor neurons of spinal cord.

This is which of the following medications?

May also block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system

This is which of the following medications?

Primarily used for sprains and strains.

This is which of the following medications?

Side effects include dry mouth, sedation, constipation, ocular hypertension, palpitations, and sinus tachycardia.

This is which of the following medications?

Toxin heavy chain binds to receptors on membrane of presynaptic neuron.

This is which of the following medications?

Toxin subunit enters neuron via endocytosis. Initially found only in new, empty vesicles.

This is which of the following medications?

Light chain of toxin escapes acetylcholine vesicles, enters cytoplasm and destroys SNARE complex.

This is which of the following medications?

Light chain of toxin escapes acetylcholine vesicles, enters cytoplasm and destroys SNARE complex. The SNARE complex is necessary for vesicular release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction.

This is which of the following medications?

Several forms of _____________________ are used to treat spasms: IncobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and rimabotulinumtoxinB. All work by inhibiting ACh release.

This is which of the following medications?

Inhibition lasts several weeks to 3–4 months with restoration of function requiring nerve sprouting.

This is which of the following medications?

Side effects when used as a spasmolytic may include dizziness, pain, nausea, headache, and muscle weakness.

This is which of the following medications?

Ca++ is necessary for muscle contraction. Allows myosin on muscle fiber to bind to actin filament.

This is which of the following medications blocks this?

______________ is a blocker of voltage gated Ca++ channels found on sarcoplasmic reticulum.

This is which of the following medications ?

Serious side effects are very rare when taken for a short time; however, serious side effects may occur when taken for a long time. Common side effects include diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, discomfort, muscle weakness.

This is which of the following medications ?

Primarily prescribed for the short-term treatment of acute painful muscle spasms.

This is which of the following medications ?

Common side effects include headache, nausea, vomiting, and nervousness

This is which of the following medications ?

Helps relieve pain, stiffness, or discomfort caused by strains or injuries to your muscles

This is which of the following medications ?

Common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, constipation, drowsiness, nausea, heartburn.

This is which of the following medications ?

Primarily prescribed for the relief of discomfort associated with painful spasms. It has sedative effects and is particularly used for relief from tetanus spasms (lockjaw: spasms beginning in jaw and spreading to rest of body).

This is which of the following medications ?

Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, stomach upset, nausea/vomiting, or blurred vision.

This is which of the following medications ?

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

GABA receptor agonist

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

A prodrug for a GABA^A receptor agonist

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

activates metabotropic GABA^B receptor pre- and post-synaptically.

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

Block central N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

Destroys SNARE complex necessary for vesicular release of acetylcholine.

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

Blocker of Ca++ channels found on sarcoplasmic reticulum coupled to voltage gated Ca++ channels (ryanodine receptors).

Mechanism of action of Muscle Relaxants

Mechanism unknown.