The pyrogenic response is usually part of the body’s:

Humoral & Cellular immunity are part of:

Which of the following is NOT part of adaptive immunity:

Which of the following is FALSE about mucous membranes?

Which of the following are NOT physical mechanisms used by the body to remove pathogens:

Lactobacillus species in the female reproductive tract release lactosporin, an inhibitor of pathogenic E. coli colonization. Lactosporin is an:

Which of the following are nonnucleated cells that do not participate in immune responses, but are targets for siderophores?

Sarah’s differential count is 12,650 WBCs/mm3. The normal range is 5,000 - 10,000 WBCs/mm3. What may this number indicate:

Ben's differential count is 630 WBCs/mm3. The normal range is 5,000 - 10,000 WBCs/mm3. What may this number indicate:

All of the following are signs of inflammation, EXCEPT:

During inflammation, phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells of blood vessels using:

Which of the following bacteria is more susceptible to the membrane attack complex (MAC):

The iron-binding protein found in RBC’s that is the normal target of bacterial siderophores is:

Cells that trigger apoptosis of host cells during viral infections and cancer:

The antimicrobial peptide released by platelets that has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and eukaryotic parasites.

Which organ monitors blood for microbes and toxins.

Phagocytes are part of BOTH the innate and adaptive immune systems.

Microbial activity is most numerous in areas with low water activity (Aw).

All three complement pathways can utilize C1-C9 proteins depending on the microbe present.

All phagocytes are forms of WBC’s.

Lack of resistance to an infection is termed immunity.

Receptors on microbial cells that bind to activators on host cells are termed TLRs

The innate system is activated by protein receptors in defensive cells which release _________; immune response regulators.

The protective protein of the epidermis that aids in waterproofing the skin, hair, and nails is termed _______.

Enzyme in water-based bodily secretions that hydrolyzes bonds in peptidoglycan:

Bone marrow is responsible for creating the formed elements of blood via the process of ________.

During allergic or inflammatory responses, the body’s granulocytic basophils release _________.

Dead cells and body fluids that collect at the site of injury indicate a ________infection.

Interferons stimulate neighboring cells to produce viral replication inhibitors termed ________.

Glycoprotein responsible for keeping membranes moist and trapping microbes:

Second line defenses include:

Which body response leads to a rise in temperature?

Which of the following is true regarding immunity?

Which response time is faster?

Immunological memory is part of:

Receptors on host cells that interact with and recognize microbes:

Receptors on microbial cells that interact with host cells:

Immunity that you are born with:

Immunity that you aquire throughout your lifetime:

TLRs bound to PAMPs induce the release of _____________ (chemical messengers).

Normal microbiota compete with pathogens via microbial _______.

Granulocyte responsible for protecting against worms:

Granulocyte responsible for protecting against allergic responses:

_____________ fibers trap microbes that make it into the lymph nodes.

Macrophages can be fixed or wandering.

Phagocytes digest microbes within a:

Biofilms can resist phagocytosis.

Scar tissue is formed via __________.

A temperature of 37 degrees is considered a fever.

Proteins responsible for the complement system are formed in the:

All three complement pathways trigger cytolysis, opsonization, and inflammation.

The classical pathway uses which proteins:

The lectin pathway uses which proteins:

The alternative pathway uses which proteins:

The opsonization pathway uses which proteins:

The cytolysis pathway uses which proteins:

The inflammation pathway uses which proteins:

Chemotactic factors:

____________ warn host cells of a viral infection.