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pathology chapter 5

Total questions: 56

Worksheet time: 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

this is defined as a permanent change in the DNA

a)

epigenetics

b)

mutation

2.

this is an X-linked dominant condition

a)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

b)

Alport syndrome

c)

Hemophilia A

d)

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

3.

this is an autosomal dominant condition

a)

Osteogenesis imperfecta

b)

Cystic fibrosis


c)

Sickle cell anemia


d)

α1-Antitrypsin deficiency

4.

true about autosomal dominant conditions

a)

occur when both copies of a gene are mutated

b)

transmitted by heterozygous females to their sons, who manifest the disease.

c)

Enzyme proteins are not affected

5.

Why is there NO Y-linked inheritance?

a)

Males with mutations affecting the Y-linked genes are usually infertile

b)

Males with mutations affecting the Y-linked genes are incompatible with life

6.

enzyme affected in Tay-Sachs disease

a)

Adenosine deaminase

b)

Hexosaminidase A

c)

α1-Antitrypsin

7.

Cell membrane affected in Hereditary spherocytosis EXCEPT?

a)

Spectrin

b)

ankyrin

c)

collagen

d)

protein 4.1

8.

Marfan syndrome results from an inherited defect in an extracellular glycoprotein called?

a)

Dystrophin

b)

fibrillin-1

c)

Collagen

d)

spectrin

9.

human genetic disorder with low penetrance

a)

chromosomal disorders

b)

complex multigenic disorders

c)

disorders related to mutations in single genes with large defects

10.

true about sickle cell mutation?

a)

conservative missense mutation

b)

nonconservative missense mutation

11.

the ABO O allele is an example of what type of mutation?

a)

missense mutation

b)

point mutation

c)

frameshift mutation

d)

trinucleotide repeat mutation

12.

this refers to a single mutant gene that may lead to many end effects

a)

polymorphism

b)

pleiotropism

13.

this makes up the largest category of mendelian disorders and includes almost all inborn errors of metabolism

a)

autosomal dominant

b)

autosomal recessive

c)

X-linked

14.

this condition is due to mutations involving FBN2 gene which encodes for fibrillin-2, it is characterized by skeletal abnormalities

a)

congenital contractural arachnodactyly

b)

marfan syndrome

15.

what is the most striking feature of marfan syndrome?

a)

skeletal abnormalities

b)

ocular changes

c)

cardiovascular lesion

d)

skin involvement

16.

what portion of the eye is usually affected in marfan syndrome?

a)

choroid

b)

lens

c)

cornea

d)

retina

17.

what is the most frequent cardiac anomaly in marfan syndrome?

a)

aortic dissection

b)

mitral valve lesion

18.

what is the common mutation observed among Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, Alport syndrome, and epidermolysis bullosa?

a)

collagen

b)

vitamin D receptor

c)

calcium ion transporter

19.

this type of ehlers-danlos syndrome is also known as "classic type"

a)

type II

b)

type III

c)

type IV

20.

this form of ehlers-danlos syndrome is prone to have ocular fragility with rupture of cornea and retinal detachment, it is also the most common autosomal recessive form

a)

type VI

b)

type III

c)

Type I

21.

the gene defects in this form of ehlers-danlos syndrome is unknown

a)

classic type

b)

hypermobility type

c)

vascular type

d)

type III

22.

this type of LDL receptor mutation is regarded as null allele wherein there is complete failure of synthesis of the LDL receptor

a)

class I

b)

class II

c)

class III

d)

class IV

23.

Class III LDL receptor mutation affects binding with what apolipoprotein

a)

Apo-A

b)

Apo-B

c)

Apo-C

24.

Class of LDL receptor mutation which resulted in the failure of initial targeting of the LDL receptor to the basolateral membrane?

a)

Class II

b)

Class IV

c)

Class VI

25.

what is the least common mutation (1-2%) in familial hypercholesterolemia

a)

LDL receptor

b)

Apo-B protein

c)

PCSK9

26.

this term refers to mitochondrial turnover which is designed to degrade dysfunctional mitochondria

a)

mitotopsis

b)

mitophagy

c)

mitocrosis

27.

virtually all patients with Gaucher disease will develop this condition

a)

Alzheimer disease

b)

Parkinson disease

28.

Tay-Sachs disease is a lysosomal storage disease involving?

a)

glycogenosis

b)

sphingolipidoses

c)

sulfatidoses

d)

mucopolysaccharidoses

29.

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a deficiency of Beta-hexosaminidase resulting in inability to catabolize GM2 ganglioside. What isoenzyme of Beta-hexosaminidase is affected in Tay-sachs disease?

a)

Hexosamindase A - alpha subunit

b)

Hexosamindase A - beta subunit

c)

Hexosamindase B - alpha subunit

d)

Hexosamindase B - beta subunit

30.

this is an expected neuronal findings under light microscope in Tay-sachs disease

a)

neurons are ballooned with cytoplasmic vacuoles (lipid vacuolation)

b)

cytoplasmic inclusions such as whorled configurations within lysosomes composed of onion-skin layers of membranes

31.

this is a severe infantile form of niemann pick disease with extensive neurologic involvement

a)

type A

b)

type B

32.

what is the major accumulating metabolite in niemann-pick disease

a)

galactocerebroside

b)

sphingomyelin

33.

this is the most common lysosomal storage disorder

a)

tay-sach

b)

niemann-pick

c)

fabry

d)

gaucher

e)

hurler

34.

True about Gaucher disease

a)

presence of zebra bodies under electron microscope

b)

vacuolation and ballooning of neurons constitute the dominant histologic change

c)

Presence of retinal cherry-red spot

d)

presence of plump macrophages with crumpled paper appearance

35.

what is the most common type of gaucher disease?

a)

chronic noneuronopathic form

b)

infantile acute cerebral form

c)

acute neuronopathic form

d)

gaucher type III

36.

mutation of what gene is the most common known genetic risk factor for the development of parkinson disease

a)

inherited deficiency of sphingomyelinase

b)

deficiency of the enzyme B-hexosaminidase

c)

glucocerebrosidase gene mutation

37.

true about mucopolysaccharidoses except

a)

generally X-linked recessive trait

b)

difficulty degrading glycosaminoglycans

c)

there is clouding of cornea

d)

intellectual diasability

e)

heart problems are important cause of death

38.

this is also known as MPS I-H which is due to deficiency of a-L-iduronidase

a)

hurler syndrome

b)

hunter syndrome

39.

hepatic form of glycogenoses wherein liver cells store glycogen because of a lack of hepatic glucose 6 phosphatase

a)

von Gierke disease

b)

pompe disease

c)

McArdle disease

40.

this form of glycogenoses is characterized by lack of muscle phosphorylase which gives rise to storage in skeletal muscles and cramps after exercise

a)

von Gierke disease

b)

Pompe disease

c)

McArdle disease

41.

the study of chromosomes is called karyotyping - the usual procedure is to examine chromosomes is to arrest them at what phase of cell division?

a)

anaphase

b)

metaphase

c)

prophase

d)

telophase

42.

A variety of staining methods for chromosomal studies have been developed. The one most commonly used involves a Giemsa stain and is hence called G banding. The resolution obtained by banding can be markedly improved by obtaining the cells in what phase of cell division?

a)

prophase

b)

anaphase

c)

metaphase

d)

telophase

43.

true about down syndrome except

a)

it is the most common of the chromosomal disorders and is a major cause of intellectual disability

b)

Approximately 95% of affected individuals have trisomy 21 due to mitotic nondisjunction, so their chromosome count is 47

c)

maternal age has a strong influence on the incidence of trisomy 21

d)

they are prone to develop acute myeloid leukemia particularly acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

44.

this is characterized by microphthalmia, polydactyly, umbilical hernia, cleft lip and palate, renal defects, microcephaly and intellectual disability, and rocker bottom feet

a)

trisomy 21

b)

trisomy 18

c)

trisomy 13

45.

hypocalcemia in DiGeorge syndrome is due to?

a)

thymic hypoplasia

b)

thyroid hypoplasia

c)

parathyroid hypoplasia

46.

the classic klinefelter syndrome karyotype observed in 90% of cases

a)

45, X

b)

47, XYY

c)

47, XXY

d)

69, XXYY

47.

this is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in females

a)

fragile X syndrome

b)

turner syndrome

c)

down Syndrome

48.

this is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability in males and overall the second most common cause after down syndrome

a)

klinefelter syndrome

b)

hunter syndrome

c)

fragile x syndrome

d)

edward syndrome

e)

prader willi syndrome

49.

deletion of the maternally derived chromosome 15 and presents with intellectual disability with ataxic gait, seizures and inappropriate laughter known as happy puppers

a)

prader willi syndrome

b)

angelman syndrome

50.

it uses DNA probes that recognize sequences specific to particular chromosomal regions. The probe hybridizes to its homologous genomic sequence and thus labels a specific chromosomal region that can be visualized under a fluorescent microscope

a)

PCR

b)

FISH

c)

Cytogenomic Array Technology

d)

Next generation Sequencing

51.

which of the following is not true regarding this case?

a)

it is a form of right to left shunt

b)

it is not initially associated with cyanosis

c)

they are the most common form of congenital heart disease

52.

which of the following is not true regarding this case

a)

most cases are membranous type

b)

the majority are 2-3 cm

c)

most are single lesion but those in the muscular septum may be multiple.


d)

it is the most frequent form of congenital heart disease in Down syndrome

53.

what is the likely diagnosis

a)

Adult polycystic kidney disease


b)

Childhood polycystic kidney disease


54.

Which if the following is true about this case?

a)

The kidneys are enlarged and have a smooth external appearance.


b)

On cut section, numerous small cysts in the cortex and medulla give the kidney a spongelike appearance.


c)

The external surface looks solely made of cysts, up to 3 to 4 cm in diameter, with no intervening parenchyma


d)

autosomal recessive

55.

Which of the following is true regarding about those ovoid to spherical masses in the periphery of the glomeruli in between dilated capillary lumen?

a)

composed of glucose

b)

composed of hyaline

56.

NOT true about this lesion

a)

autosomal recessive transmission

b)

there is abnormal transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions

c)

sweat glands are morphologically unaffected


d)

This is primarily due to mutation in ENAC gene