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GM 1 midterm control vesna

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Choose one wrong answer

Hormones:

a)

Differ in the mechanism of signal transmission

b)

Formed in target cells

c)

Can change the activity and amount of enzymes in the cell

d)

Secreted in response to a specific stimulus

e)

Capable of selectively binding to target cells

2.

Set conformity.

Hormones:

A. Parathormone and thyroxine

B. Progesterone and calcitriol

V. Triiodothyronine and adrenaline

G. Somatotropin and cortisol

D. Corticotropin and oxytocin

Structure:

1. Peptides                                                                             

2. Steroids                                                                             

3. Derivatives of amino acids                                               

4 lines
3.

Choose the correct answers.

Steroid hormones:

a)

Penetrate into target cells

b)

Transported through the bloodstream in combination with specific proteins

c)

Initiate transcription

d)

Interact with chromatin and change the rate of transcription

e)

Participate in the broadcast process

4.

Choose one correct answer.

 Inositol triphosphate:

a)

Formed by the action of phospholipase A1

b)

Activates phospholipase C

c)

Activates protein kinase C

d)

Consists of α-, β, γ-subunits

e)

Stimulates the mobilization of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum

5.

Choose the correct answers.

Steroid hormones:

a)

Penetrate into target cells

b)

Transported through the bloodstream in combination with specific proteins

c)

Initiate transcription

d)

Interact with chromatin and change the rate of transcription

e)

Participate in the broadcast process

6.

Select the statement that violates the sequence of events.

The formation of insulin includes the steps:

a)

Synthesis of the N-terminal part of the molecule

b)

Signal peptide cleavage

c)

Transport to the Golgi apparatus

d)

Inclusions in secretory granules

e)

C-peptide cleavage

7.

Choose one wrong answer.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:

a)

Increase in body temperature

b)

Еxophthalmos

c)

Decreased tolerance to cold

d)

Increased appetite

e)

Weight gain

8.

Choose one wrong answer.

A patient diagnosed with Graves' disease has:

a)

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

b)

Increasing the concentration of iodothyronines in the blood

c)

Muscle weakness

d)

Weight loss

e)

Decreased appetite

9.

Choose the correct answers.

Cortisol:

a)

synthesized in the adrenal cortex

b)

the precursor is cholesterol

c)

synthesis and secretion are regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

d)

is transported in combination with albumin

e)

changes the amount of key metabolic enzymes

10.

Set conformity.

A. Peptide hormones

B. Steroid hormones

V. Both

G. Anyone

1. Can change the activity and amount of proteins and enzymes                            

2. Regulate metabolic processes in target cells                                                        

3. Enter target cells from blood                                                                                

4. Used as an energy or building material                                                                

4 lines
11.

Choose a statement that violates the sequence of events.

When a hormonal signal is transmitted to adipose tissue cells with the participation of insulin

happens:

a)

Increased insulin receptor substrate phosphorylation

b)

Phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase

c)

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activation

d)

Decreased intracellular concentration of cAMP

e)

Decrease in the rate of lipolysis under the action of insulin

12.

Choose one correct answer.

Under the influence of insulin in target cells:

a)

Gluconeogenesis is accelerated

b)

Accelerates lipolysis in adipose tissue

c)

Accelerates the entry of amino acids into tissues

d)

Hormone-sensitive lipase is phosphorylated

e)

Glycogen phosphorylase is phosphorylated

13.

Choose one wrong answer.

Glucocorticoids:

a)

Synthesized from cholesterol

b)

Formed in the adrenal cortex

c)

Stimulated by ACTH

d)

Change the activity of proteins and enzymes

e)

Inhibit the formation of ACTH

14.

Choose one correct answer:

Adrenaline unlike glucagon:

a)

Regulates energy metabolism

b)

Interacts with membrane receptors of hepatocytes

c)

Stimulates triacylglycerol lipase activation in adipose tissue

d)

Activates glycogen phosphorylase in muscles

e)

In target cells, changes the concentration of cAMP

15.

Choose the correct answers.

With a 3-day fast, there are:

a)

Ketonemia

b)

Hypoglycemia

c)

Azothuria

d)

Hyperglycemia

e)

Alkalosis

16.

Choose one correct answer.

During the absorption period:

a)

The concentration of glucose in the blood rises

b)

Regulatory enzymes for glycogen synthesis are dephosphorylated

c)

The processes of deposition of fats and glycogen are accelerated

d)

Lipolysis and glycogenolysis are accelerated

e)

Insulin-glucagon index rises

17.

Choose the correct answers.

In the postabsorptive period:

a)

The concentration of chylomicrons in the blood increases

b)

Increases the concentration of fatty acids in the blood

c)

Increases blood glucose levels

d)

Fatty acid oxidation in the liver is accelerated

e)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is phosphorylated

18.

Choose one correct answer.

In the absorptive period, the acceleration of the synthesis of fatty acids is provided by:

a)

An increase in the amount of acetyl-CoA and NADPH

b)

Induction of the synthesis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase

c)

Phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase

d)

Induction of citrate lyase synthesis

e)

Increasing the rate of formation of malonyl-CoA

19.

Choose one wrong answer.

When fasting:

a)

Bifunctional enzyme exhibits fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase activity

b)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is phosphorylated and active

c)

Lipoprotein lipase is inactive in adipose tissue

d)

cAMP-dependent protein kinase is active in adipocytes

e)

Pyruvate kinase is phosphorylated and inactive

20.

Choose one wrong answer.

In the first phase of fasting:

a)

The level of insulin in the blood decreases

b)

The concentration of glucagon and cortisol increases

c)

Glycogen stores are depleted

d)

Glucose concentration drops to 60 mg/dl

e)

The concentration of ketone bodies rises to 300 mg/dl

21.

Choose one correct answer.

Cause of type 1 diabetes:

a)

Reducing the number of β-cells

b)

Hereditary defect in insulin receptors

c)

High rate of insulin catabolism

d)

Violation of insulin secretion

e)

Damage to intracellular mediators of the insulin signal

22.

Choose one correct answer.

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus without treatment has:

a)

Decreased VLDL levels in the blood

b)

Вlood pH 7.4

c)

Decreased blood urea concentration

d)

Reducing the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate in the urine

e)

Increase in the level of acetoacetate in the blood

23.

Choose one wrong answer.

In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus:

a)

Glycogen synthesis is inhibited

b)

The rate of fat synthesis decreases

c)

The synthesis of fatty acids is inhibited

d)

Increased formation of β-hydroxybutyrate

e)

The rate of synthesis of acetoacetic acid decreases

24.

Choose one correct answer.

The following are involved in the regulation of the water-salt balance:

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Parathormone

c)

Glucagon

d)

Aldosterone

e)

Calcitriol

25.

Choose the correct answers.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):

a)

Peptide

b)

Formed in the kidneys

c)

Binds to kidney receptors

d)

Causes the secretion of renin

e)

Strongly secreted with an increase in osmotic pressure

26.

Choose the correct answers.

Angiotensinogen:

a)

Synthesized during translation

b)

Exposed to the action of a proteolytic enzyme

c)

Does not form with liver damage

d)

Transformed under the action of renin into angiotensin I

e)

Stimulates the secretion of aldosterone

27.

Choose one correct answer.

Violation of the interaction of ADH with target cells leads to a decrease in reabsorption:

a)

Calcium ions from primary urine

b)

Phosphates from primary urine

c)

Sodium ions

d)

Water

e)

Chlorine ions

28.

Choose the correct answers.

Angiotensin II:

a)

Stimulates vasoconstriction

b)

Is a proteolytic enzyme

c)

Stimulates the synthesis of aldosterone

d)

Renin substrate

e)

Product of partial proteolysis of angiotensinogen

29.

Choose one correct answer.

With hyperaldosteronism secretion:

a)

Parathyroid hormone rises

b)

Atrial natriuretic factor is reduced

c)

ACTH increases

d)

Calcitriol increases

e)

ADH increases

30.

Choose a statement that breaks the sequence of events.

Restoration of fluid volume during blood loss includes:

a)

Renin secretion

b)

Formation of angiotensin I

c)

Octapeptide formation

d)

ADH secretion

e)

Secretion of aldosterone

31.

Choose the correct answers.

Parathormone:

a)

Interacts with receptors on the plasma membrane of target cells

b)

Causes an increase in the concentration of cAMP in the cell

c)

Slows down the destruction of hydroxyapatites

d)

Enhances the reabsorption of calcium ions from primary urine

e)

Activates osteoclast metabolism

32.

Choose one wrong answer.

Parathormone:

a)

Increases phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys

b)

Enhances the reabsorption of calcium ions in the kidneys

c)

Stimulates hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the kidneys

d)

Activates adenylate cyclase in target cells

e)

Increases the mobilization of calcium ions from bones

33.

Choose the correct answers.

Calcitonin:

a)

Activates adenylate cyclase

b)

Stimulates the retention of sodium ions in the body

c)

Stimulates calcium excretion by the kidneys

d)

Single chain peptide

e)

Interacts with the protein transcortin

34.

Choose one correct answer.

The cause of hypercalcemia can be:

a)

Muscle weakness

b)

Soft tissue calcification

c)

Fatigue

d)

Formation of stones in the urinary tract

e)

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone

35.

Choose the correct answers.

A decrease in the concentration of calcium ions in the blood plasma causes:

a)

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone

b)

Acceleration of bone demineralization

c)

Decreased calcium excretion by the kidneys

d)

Increased secretion of calcitonin

e)

Phosphate retention by the kidneys

36.

Choose the correct answers.

In the liver, neutralization occurs:

a)

Bilirubin

b)

NH3

c)

Cresol

d)

Xenobiotics

e)

Indol

37.

Choose the correct answers.

The functioning of the microsomal oxidation system involves:

a)

Cytochrome P450 reductase

b)

O2

c)

Cytochrome P450

d)

NADPH

e)

CO2

38.

Choose the one most complete answer.

The following reactions take place in the liver:

a)

Conjugations involving UDP-glucuronate

b)

Hydroxylation of xenobiotics

c)

Conjugation with 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)

d)

Neutralization of toxic substances

e)

Formation of bilirubinglucuronide

39.

Choose one wrong answer.

I phase of neutralization of xenobiotics:

a)

Carried out by enzymes of the endoplasmic reticulum

b)

Requires the presence of NADPH

c)

Leads to increased connection polarity

d)

Occurs under anaerobic conditions

e)

Occurs with the participation of cytochrome P450

40.

Choose one wrong answer.

Cytochrome P450:

a)

Can be induced by many substances

b)

Binds lipophilic molecules

c)

Simple protein

d)

Localized in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum

e)

Hemoprotein

41.

Choose one most complete answer.

In the second phase of neutralization of xenobiotics:

a)

Bilirubinglucuronide is formed

b)

Sulfotransferases are involved

c)

Soluble conjugates are formed

d)

Acetyltransferases are involved

e)

Phenyl sulfate is formed

42.

Choose one correct answer.

Glutathione transferase:

a)

Function as part of the monooxygenase system

b)

By binding lipophilic substances, they prevent their introduction into the lipid bilayer

membranes

c)

Restore glutathione with the participation of the coenzyme NADPH

d)

Participate in the formation of direct bilirubin

e)

Localized in the membrane layer of the endoplasmic reticulum

43.

Choose one wrong answer.

Conjugation reactions may involve:

a)

Glutathione

b)

S-adenosylmethionine

c)

ATP

d)

UDP-glucuronate

e)

FAҒS

44.

Choose one most complete answer.

Neutralization in the liver undergoes:

a)

Decay products of amino acids formed in the intestine

b)

Medicinal substances

c)

Products of heme catabolism

d)

Endogenous metabolites and exogenous toxic substances

e)

Ammonia

45.

Complete the "chain" task.

a) as a result of the vital activity of the intestinal microflora, amino acids form:

A. Skatol

B. UDP-glucuronate

V. Hydroxytryptophan

G. Glutathione

D. S-adenosylmethionine

b) this substance is formed from:

A. tyrosin

B. tryptophan

V. phenylalanine

G. metionin

D. threonin

c) microsomal oxidation of this substance involves (several):

A. O2

B. Cytochrome P450

V. Cytochrome P450 reductase

G. NADPH

D. H2O

4 lines
46.

Choose one correct answer.

Conjugation reactions are catalyzed by enzymes of the class:

a)

Oxidoreductase

b)

Hydrolase

c)

Ligase

d)

Transferaze

e)

Liaze

47.

Choose one wrong answer.

Glutathione transferases are inactivated by:

a)

Steroid hormones

b)

Eicosanoids

c)

Bilirubin

d)

Medicinal substances

e)

Ammonia

48.

Choose the correct answers.

 Glutathione:

a)

Built from 3 amino acids

b)

Contains a cysteine ​​residue

c)

Participates in reactions catalyzed by glutathione transferase

d)

Has a disulfide bridge in oxidized form

e)

Participates in reactions under the action of glutathione peroxidase

49.

Choose one correct answer.

The source of aflatoxin are:

a)

Exhaust gases

b)

Aniline dyes

c)

Nitrate foods

d)

Mold fungi

e)

Tobacco smoke

50.

Choose the correct answers.

With alcohol intoxication in the blood, the concentration increases:

a)

Lactate

b)

Acetoacetate

c)

Glucose

d)

β-hydroxybutyrate

e)

Reduced glutathione

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