Free Printable GM 2 midterm control vesna

1.

Select the statement that violates the sequence of events.

When regulating the translation of aminolevulinate synthase in reticulocytes:

a)

Increases the concentration of iron in reticulocytes

b)

The affinity of the iron-binding protein for the iron-sensitive mRNA element decreases

c)

Iron interacts with iron-binding protein

d)

The rate of translation of aminolevulinate synthase increases

e)

Increases the rate of heme synthesis

2.

Choose the correct answers.

Gem:

a)

Allosterically inhibits aminolevulinate synthase

b)

Contains Fe³⁺

c)

Induces translation of α- and β-chains of globin

d)

Is a substrate of ferrochelatase

e)

Allosterically inhibits aminolevulinate dehydratase

3.

Set conformity.

A. Aminolevulinate synthase

B. Ferrochelatase

V. Both

G. Anyone

1. Catalyzes a reaction that requires the consumption of ATP

2. Attaches Fe²⁺ to protoporphyrin IX

3. Contains coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate

4. Localized in reticulocytes

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4.

Choose the correct answers.

The cause of porphyria can be:

a)

Genetic defect in heme synthesis enzymes

b)

Lead poisoning

c)

Ingestion of halogenated insecticides

d)

Taking drugs that induce the synthesis of aminolevulinate synthase

e)

Taking large doses of vitamin C

5.

Choose one wrong answer.

The metabolism of iron in tissues includes the following steps:

a)

Interaction with apoferritin in enterocytes

b)

Oxidation in enterocytes with the participation of ascorbic acid

c)

Transport in the bloodstream as part of transferrin

d)

Oxidation in blood plasma by ceruloplasmin

e)

Deposition in tissues with the participation of ferritin

6.

Choose one wrong answer.

Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by:

a)

Recurrent bleeding

b)

Pregnancy

c)

Increased blood clotting

d)

Operations on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

e)

Frequent childbirth

7.

Choose one wrong answer.

For iron deficiency anemia:

a)

The rate of hemoglobin synthesis in erythroblasts decreases

b)

The size of red blood cells decreases

c)

The content of apoferritin in erythroid cells increases

d)

Reduced iron saturation of transferrin

e)

There is tissue hypoxia

8.

Complete the "chain" task.

a) the first reaction of heme catabolism occurs with the participation of:

A. Hemeoxygenase

B. Ferroxidase

V. Biliverdin reductase

G. transferrina

D. Ferritina

b) under the action of this enzyme is formed:

A. Bilirubin

B. Biliverdin

V. Bilirubinglucuronide

G. Bilirubindiglucuronide

D. Hemosiderin

v) the substance is converted into:

A. Bilirubin

B. Bilirubin monoglucuronide

V. Hemosiderin

G. Biliverdin

D. Bilirubindiglucuronide

g) this substance is formed by the action of an enzyme:

A. Heme oxygenase

B. Ferroxidase

V. Biliverdin reductase

d) the coenzyme of this enzyme is:

A. NAD

B. NADH

V. NADP⁺

G. NADPH

D. FAD

e) the coenzyme is formed in the process:

A. Glycolysis

B. β-oxidation

V. Pentose phosphate pathway

G. Deamination of amino acids

D. Inactivation of biogenic amines

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9.

Set conformity.

A. Is a bacterial enzyme

B. Catalyzes the formation of biliverdin

V. Participates in the synthesis of direct bilirubin

G. Synthesizes indirect bilirubin

D. Responsible for the formation of urobilinogen

1. Heme oxygenase

2. UDP-glucuronyltransferase

3. β-Glucuronidase

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10.

Choose the correct answers.

In erythrocytes, glucose can be included in the following metabolic pathways:

a)

Aerobic breakdown to CO₂ and H₂O

b)

Anaerobic glycolysis

c)

Aerobic glycolysis

d)

Glycogen synthesis

e)

Pentose phosphate pathway of glucose conversion

11.

Choose the correct answers.

In tissue hypoxia, a decrease in the formation of metabolites in erythrocytes will lead to:

a)

NADH

b)

2,3-Biphosphoglycerate

c)

1,3-Biphosphoglycerate

d)

NADPH

e)

Methemoglobin

12.

Choose the correct answers.

Nitric oxide:

a)

Formed from arginine

b)

Interacts with superoxide anion

c)

Has a bactericidal effect

d)

Interacts with O₂

e)

Reduces the rate of reactions in the electron transport chain in bacteria

13.

Choose one correct answer.

The cause of chronic granulomatosis is a hereditary deficiency of the enzyme:

a)

Myeloperoxidase

b)

Superoxide dismutase

c)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

d)

NADP oxidase

e)

Catalase

14.

Choose one correct answer.

In the procoagulant pathway of blood coagulation, the activator protein is:

a)

Factor Va

b)

Factor VIIa

c)

Thrombin

d)

Factor Xa

e)

Factor IXa

15.

Choose the correct answers.

Activation of blood clotting enzymes includes:

a)

Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation

b)

Partial proteolysis

c)

Interaction with activator proteins

d)

Allosteric regulation by the principle of positive feedback

e)

Allosteric regulation according to the principle of negative feedback

16.

Choose the correct answers.

In the cascade of reactions of the anticoagulant phase, activator proteins are:

a)

Thrombin

b)

Plasmin

c)

Thrombomodulin

d)

Protein Ca

e)

Protein S

17.

Choose the correct answers.

Platelet aggregation is inhibited by:

a)

Biseptol (sulfanilamide)

b)

Aspirin

c)

Nicotinic acid

d)

Ca²⁺ blockers

e)

Folic acid

18.

Choose the correct answers.

Thrombosis occurs when:

a)

Antithrombin III deficiency

b)

Hereditary protein S deficiency

c)

An increase in the concentration of prothrombin in the blood

d)

Factor V genetic defect and resistance to Ca protein

e)

Genetic defect of protein C

19.

Choose one wrong answer.

Albumin transports:

a)

Free fatty acids

b)

Unconjugated bilirubin

c)

Cholesterol

d)

Bile acids

e)

Certain drugs

20.

Choose one correct answer.

For the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen, a vitamin is needed:

a)

Pyridoxine

b)

Pantothenic acid

c)

Ascorbic acid

d)

Thiamine

e)

Riboflavin

21.

Choose one correct answer.

Hyaluronic acid:

a)

Is a proteoglycan

b)

It is a branched homopolysaccharide

c)

Can bind a large amount of water, as well as Ca²⁺ and Na⁺

d)

Localized mainly in basement membranes

e)

Has a net positive charge

22.

Choose one correct answer.

Hydrolysis of fibrin thrombus catalyzes:

a)

Thrombomodulin

b)

Thrombin

c)

Plasmin

d)

Plasminogen

e)

Heparin

23.

Set conformity.

A. Part of the membrane complex

B. Hydrolyzes fibrin

V. Synthesized in vascular endothelium

G. Activated by heparin

D. Activates platelet aggregation

1. Antithrombin III

2. Plasmin

3. Protein Ca

4 lines

24.

Choose the correct answers.

Thrombosis occurs when:

a)

Antithrombin III deficiency

b)

Hereditary protein S deficiency

c)

An increase in the concentration of prothrombin in the blood

d)

Factor V genetic defect and resistance to Ca protein

e)

Genetic defect of protein C

25.

Choose one wrong answer.

Plasma proteins:

a)

Form a buffer system in the blood

b)

Maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood

c)

Transport O₂ and CO₂

d)

Determine the viscosity of the blood

e)

Perform a protective function

26.

Set conformity.

A. Albumin

B. γ-Globulin

V. Both

G. Anyone

1. Synthesized in the liver

2. Synthesized in B-lymphocytes

3. Detected in plasma by electrophoresis

4. Is a protein of the blood coagulation system

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27.

Choose one wrong answer.

Collagen:

a)

Structural protein of extracellular matrix

b)

Polymorphic protein

c)

Has a spatial structure - a triple helix

d)

Stabilized by multiple S-S bonds

e)

Undergoes post-translational modification with the participation of vitamin C

28.

Choose one correct answer.

For the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen, a vitamin is needed:

a)

Pyridoxine

b)

Pantothenic acid

c)

Ascorbic acid

d)

Thiamine

e)

Riboflavin

29.

Choose one wrong answer.

With lysyl oxidase deficiency:

a)

Decreased synthesis of desmosine

b)

Elastin strength decreases

c)

Decreased rubber-like properties of elastic tissues

d)

Increased synthesis of desmosine

e)

Often there are diseases of the heart, blood vessels and lungs

30.

Choose the correct answers.

Functions of proteoglycans in the body:

a)

They are structural components of the extracellular matrix

b)

Perform a spring function in articular cartilage

c)

Participate in maintaining the turgor of various tissues

d)

Contribute to the creation of a filtration barrier in the kidneys and lungs

e)

Play the role of a molecular sieve, prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms

31.

Choose the correct answers.

Osteoblasts during remodeling secrete:

a)

Type I collagen

b)

Proteoglycans associated with calcium

c)

Membrane vesicles

d)

Enzymes involved in phosphorylation of osteonectin and Gla-protein

e)

Alkaline phosphatase

32.

Choose one correct answer.

Pyrophosphatase:

a)

Slows down the mineralization process

b)

Synthesized in osteoclasts

c)

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of H₄P₂O₇

d)

Influences the metabolism of osteoblasts

e)

Reduces osteoclast activity

33.

Choose one wrong answer.

Osteocalcin:

a)

Consists of two peptide chains connected by a disulfide bond

b)

Contains γ-Glu amino acid residues

c)

Is a glycoprotein

d)

With the help of Ca²⁺ , it can attach to the cell membrane

e)

Osteoblast secretory protein

34.

Choose one wrong answer.

For the formation of a protein matrix, interaction is necessary:

a)

Gla protein with calcium and phosphate ions

b)

Osteonectin with calcium and phosphate

c)

Collagen with non-collagen proteins

d)

Non-collagen proteins with hydroxyapatite

e)

Secretory glycerophospholipids with citrate

35.

Choose the correct answers.

Functions of saliva:

a)

Digestive

b)

Bactericidal

c)

Buffer

d)

Mineralizing

e)

Antivirus

36.

Choose one wrong answer.

Antigen-specific substances in saliva:

a)

Are glycoproteins

b)

Differ in the structure of oligosaccharide chains

c)

Have unbranched oligosaccharide chains.

d)

Glycosylated at amino acid residues Tyr

e)

Have branched oligosaccharide chains

37.

Choose one wrong answer.

Mucins:

a)

Synthesized in the salivary glands

b)

May have a difference in the structure of the soluble form (in the composition of saliva) and in the composition of the pellicle

c)

Contain a large amount of disaccharide residues

d)

They have a difference in the charge of the soluble form and in the composition of the pellicle

e)

May exhibit antigenic properties

38.

Choose one wrong answer.

Saliva proteins:

a)

Lactoferrin

b)

Osteopontin

c)

Mutsin

d)

Cystatins

e)

Histatins

39.

Choose one wrong answer.

Salivary kallikreins:

a)

Converts kininogen to kinin

b)

They are serine proteases

c)

Catalyze partial proteolysis

d)

Cause vasodilation

e)

Formed in the cells of the salivary glands

40.

Set conformity.

A. Formed by deamination of amino acids

B. Precursor of carcinogenic compounds

V. Lowers saliva pH

G. Product of aerobic glycolysis

D. Substrate for bacterial urease

1. Urea

2. Ammonia

3. Lactate

4 lines

41.

Choose one wrong answer.

Parotin of the salivary glands:

a)

Reduces the concentration of Ca²⁺ in blood plasma

b)

Stimulates the mineralization of dentin

c)

Interacts with receptors of the cytoplasmic membrane of odontoblasts

d)

Increases the concentration of calcium in saliva

e)

Protein hormone

42.

Choose the correct answers.

Gingival fluid contains:

a)

Immunoglobulins

b)

Complement system

c)

Electrolytes

d)

Albumin

e)

Microorganisms

43.

Select the statement that violates the sequence of events.

When exogenous iron enters the blood:

a)

In the intestinal cavity, iron is released from salts of organic acids

b)

In the cells of the intestinal mucosa, iron is included in the composition of ferritin

c)

From the intestinal cells, iron enters the blood

d)

Ascorbic acid restores iron

e)

Transferrin transports iron in the bloodstream

44.

Choose one correct answer.

For neonatal jaundice:

a)

Choose one correct answer.

For neonatal jaundice:

b)

Bile does not enter the intestines

c)

Impaired excretion of bilirubin into bile

d)

Impaired capture of bilirubin by hepatocytes from the blood

e)

Glucuronic acid does not attach to bilirubin

45.

Select the statement that violates the sequence of events.

With obstructive jaundice:

a)

The concentration of bilirubinglucuronide in the blood increases

b)

Bile does not enter the intestines

c)

Bile pigments enter the blood

d)

Faeces become discolored

e)

Direct bilirubin is determined in the urine

46.

Choose the correct answers.

RBC hemolysis can be caused by:

a)

Genetic defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

b)

Treatment of malaria with primaquine

c)

Genetic defect of pyruvate kinase

d)

Taking large doses of ascorbic acid

e)

Aniline poisoning

47.

Set conformity.

A. Associated with a decrease in the rate of synthesis of hemoglobin α- and β-chains

B. Due to the replacement of Glu with Val in the structure of β-chains of hemoglobin

V. Observed with a deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B₁₂

G. Caused by a decrease in the intake of iron in the body

D. Caused by genetic defects in erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins

1. Sickle cell anemia

2. Megaloblastic anemia

3. Hereditary spherocytosis

4 lines

48.

Choose one correct answer.

Cause of β-thalassamia:

a)

Point mutation of the gene encoding the structure of the β-chain of hemoglobin

b)

Increased synthesis of α-chains of hemoglobin

c)

Increased synthesis of hemoglobin β-chains

d)

Point mutation of the gene leading to the synthesis of hemoglobin S

e)

Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin β-chains

49.

Choose the position that precedes the described situation.

During the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin:

a)

Thrombin hydrolyzes arginylglycyl peptide bonds

b)

Fibrin molecules aggregate as a result of the formation of non-covalent bonds

c)

Transglutamidase catalyzes the formation of amide bonds

d)

Thrombostenin is involved in the retraction of the fibrin gel

e)

Prothrombin turns into thrombin

50.

Choose a statement that violates the sequence of events.

The procoagulant pathway of blood coagulation includes a sequence of proteolytic reactions:

a)

Membrane complex VIIa - tissue factor Ca²⁺ activates factors IX and X

b)

Fibrinogen turns into fibrin

c)

Membrane complex IXa - VIII - Ca²⁺ activates factor X

d)

Factor Xa converts prothrombin to thrombin

e)

Transglutamidase forms covalent bonds between fibrin monomers

GM 2 midterm control vesna

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 39mins

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