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Unit 2 Review: The Enlightenment and Influential Documents

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Baron de Montesquieu

a)

Separation of powers

b)

Four branches of government

c)

Freedom of Speech

d)

Freedom oof Religion

2.

John Locke

a)

Natural Rights

b)

Freedom of Speech

c)

Freedom of Religion

d)

Right to bear arms

3.

LIfe, Liberty and Property

a)

Locke

b)

Diderot

c)

Voltaire

d)

Freedom of Speech

4.

The picture represents Montesquieu idea of...

a)

Checks and balances

b)

Government corruption

c)

Gridlock

d)

Freedom of voting

5.

►an agreement between people and their government, in which people give up some things in return for the benefit of having government.

a)

Social Contract

b)

The Purge

c)

Bill of Rights

d)

Magna Carta

6.

•The following ideas come from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights. Which most closely relates to the work of John Locke?

a)

•speedy and public trial

b)

Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

c)

•Freedom of speech and the press

d)

Innocent until proven guilty

7.

Which of these statements is most likely to be made by a proponent of natural law and natural rights?

a)

God grants monarchs the authority to rule and the duty to give people their rights.

b)

People are irrational, so science is useless in figuring out human behavior.

c)

History teaches that individual freedom is an impossible goal.

d)

Government does not grant rights; it protects them.

8.

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness . . .”— The Declaration of Independence


Which Enlightenment thinker most directly influenced the notion expressed in this passage?

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

John Locke

c)

Jacques Bossuet

d)

Baron de Montesquieu

9.

An agreement by which people give up their freedoms for an organized society.

a)

laissez-faire

b)

natural rights

c)

social contract

d)

natural law

10.

Rights that belong to all humans at birth

a)

laissez-faire

b)

natural rights

c)

social contract

d)

natural law

11.
A time period, mostly in the 1700's, where philosophers and thinkers thought science and reason could improve all humanity.
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Great Awakening
c)
American Revolution
d)
French Revolution
12.
People in a society give up some of their rights in exchange for protection.
a)
Social Contract
b)
Enlightenment
c)
State of Nature
d)
Revolution
13.
John Locke believed people were born with certain rights than no-one could take away. 
a)
Life, liberty, property
b)
Life , liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
c)
Freedom of speech, religion, and property
d)
Social Contract
14.
This thinker believed in the separation of powers within a government.  Each part should have check and balances over the other parts.
a)
Montesquieu
b)
Wollstancraft
c)
Locke
d)
Voltaire
15.
Enlightenment thinkers questioned the idea of a "divine right to rule" which threatened the power of kings.  What does "divine right to rule" mean?
a)
Kings was handed down to kings at birth by God.
b)
Kings were crowned by the Pope thus giving them the right to rule.
c)
The power of kings was decreasing since the Magna Carta.
d)
The power given to citizens as part of a democracy.
16.
Enlightened thinkers based their philosophical beliefs on what two things?
a)
power and privilege
b)
money and fame
c)
good looks and charm
d)
reason and logic
17.
Enlightenment philosophers believe that if government abuses power the people should change it.
a)
True
b)
False
18.

According to Enlightenment thinker John Locke, why are governments created?

a)

God gives monarchs a divine right to rule over their people

b)

People are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler to create order

c)

People set up governments to protect their lives and property

d)

Civil government must be established to offset the power of the church

19.

Under the idea of the "consent of the governed," what happens if government fails to protect the peoples' rights?

a)

Nothing, people must obey the government

b)

The people would have a right to revolt

c)

The people would be returned to a state of nature

d)

People would be forced to enter into a social contract

20.

Why is "Rule of Law" important in a democracy?

a)

it maintains order

b)

in protects the citizens by ensuring no one is above the law

c)

it limits the government

d)

it protects the citizens from tyranny

e)

all of the above

21.

When it comes to Equal Application of the Law.....

a)

Everybody is above the law and the judicial systems treats everyone the same.

b)

Only politicians are above the law - everyone else is treated the same.

c)

Nobody is above the law, not even elected officials and the judicial system treats everyone the same.

22.
Which statement describes an impact of the rule of law?
a)
state of nature
b)
checks and balances
c)
separation of powers
d)
transparency of institution
23.
Which of the following is NOT an example of rule of law?
a)
"When the President does it, it is not illegal."
b)
"I prefer to follow the law, not men."
c)
"Anywhere, anytime ordinary people are given the chance to choose, the choice is the same: freedom, not tyranny; democracy, not dictatorship; the rule of law, not the rule of the secret police.
24.
Which describes a component of rule of law?
a)
transparency of institutions
b)
fair procedures
c)
accountability to the law
d)
all of the above
25.

Which describes a component of rule of law?

a)

consistent application

b)

enforcement of the law

c)

decisions based on the law

d)

all of the above

26.

In rule of law, we are ruled by

a)

man

b)

laws

c)

a few men

d)

the President

27.

News article, "Miami Ex-Officer Gets 2 Years' Prison for Gambling Bribes, " www.cbslocal.com, May 17, 2015

Based on the title of this article what can we say

a)

Leaders and government officials are held accountable to the law.

b)

Leaders and government officials are not accountable to the law.

c)

There is no transparency of institutions.

d)

The laws are not legitimate.

28.

After sentencing a thief to 5 years of hard labor for stealing potatoes at the market the judge finds the town mayor waiting his his office. The mayor had a problem at the market, too. He lost his temper with a vendor because of the vendor's high prices. The mayor broke things in the vendor's shop and broke the vendor's arm. Because of the mayor's position, the judge agrees to overlook the offense. Which rule of law principle is the judge mostly not adhering to?

a)

legitimacy

b)

checks and balances

c)

equal application of the law

29.
What did the Magna Carta do?
a)
Gave more power to the King
b)
Limited the power of the King
c)
Got rid of the Feudal System in England
d)
Gave more power to the Common People
30.
The Magna Carta was signed in what year?
a)
1901 
b)
800 B.C.
c)
33 
d)
1215 
31.
Which idea describes the Magna Carta of 1215?
a)
to increase the power of the monarchy
b)
to end taxation in England
c)
to force the monarchy to give up power
d)
to weaken the power of nobles
32.
What important charter was signed in 1215 in English by King John resulting in England becoming a limited monarchy?
a)
Magna Carta
b)
Code of Hammurabi
c)
Twelve Tables
d)
Declaration of Independence
33.
Why is the Magna Carta an important document in British history?
a)
It was the first document to place limits on the king's power
b)
It outlawed feudalism and gave voting rights to all citizens
c)
It established Parliament as the nation's legislative body.
d)
It determined England's physical boundaries
34.
 Why did the Pilgrims create the Mayflower Compact?
a)
 to show that they opposed representative government.
b)
to establish an orderly community
c)
 to reinforce the laws of England in the new colony
d)
 to guarantee universal religious tolerance in the colony
35.
When was Mayflower Compact written?
a)
1410
b)
1492
c)
1655
d)
1620
36.
How was the agreement which bonded Pilgrims called?
a)
Mayflower Compact
b)
Declaration of Independence
c)
Napoleonic Code
d)
Geneva Conventions
37.

The Mayflower Compact is the first example in America of _____.

a)

divine oversight of government

b)

popular sovereignty

c)

democratic self-government

d)

constitutional monarchy

38.

This writing was published during the American Revolution and paved the way for the Declaration of Independence.

a)

Rights of man

b)

The American Crisis

c)

Common Sense

39.

Thomas Paine was...

a)

A supporter of the American Revolution

b)

Against the American Revolution

c)

Wrote propaganda against the American government

d)

Wrote propaganda for the British government

40.

·Common Sense was a pamphlet Thomas Paine published to distribute in the colonies to...

a)

explain to Britain why they should end the quartering act

b)

influence more people to join the independence movement.

c)

to join the Loyalist party

d)

abide by the Intolerable acts

41.

Pick the modern English translation for the following excerpt: “I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, the same connection is necessary towards her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious than this kind of argument.”

a)

“There is nothing positive that will come from staying connected to Great Britain.”

b)

“Maybe all along the only reason Great Britain cared for us was for HER benefit!”

c)

“How can a tiny country like Great Britain be expected to care for such a large nation like America. It just doesn’t make sense. It should be the other way around.”

d)

“Some people believe that the colonies have and will always benefit from Great Britain but I couldn’t disagree more with that statement.”

42.

Pick the modern English translation for the following excerpt: “But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families…

a)

“Some people believe that the colonies have and will always benefit from Great Britain but I couldn’t disagree more with that statement

b)

“Maybe all along the only reason Great Britain cared for us was for HER benefit!”

c)

“Don’t call Great Britain our caretaker – they’ve been abusive to us!”

d)

“There is nothing positive that will come from staying connected to Great Britain.”

43.

“I challenge the warmest advocate for reconciliation, to show a single advantage that this continent can reap, by being connected with Great Britain. I repeat the challenge; not a single advantage is derived.

a)

“There is nothing positive that will come from staying connected to Great Britain.”

b)

“Maybe all along the only reason Great Britain cared for us was for HER benefit!”

c)

“We need to be free NOW before things get any worse. If we wait, it will only be harder.”

d)

“Some people believe that the colonies have and will always benefit from Great Britain but I couldn’t disagree more with that statement.”

44.

“Small islands, not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet.”

a)

“We need to be free NOW before things get any worse. If we wait, it will only be harder.”

b)

“Some people believe that the colonies have and will always benefit from Great Britain but I couldn’t disagree more with that statement.”

c)

“Maybe all along the only reason Great Britain cared for us was for HER benefit!”

d)

“How can a tiny country like Great Britain be expected to care for such a large nation like America. It just doesn’t make sense. It should be the other way around.”

45.

“Nothing but independence…can keep the peace of the continent…A government of our own is our natural right: and when a man seriously reflects on the precariousness of human affairs, he will become convinced, that it is infinitely wiser and safer, to form a constitution of our own in a cool deliberate manner, while we have it in our power…”

a)

“How can a tiny country like Great Britain be expected to care for such a large nation like America. It just doesn’t make sense. It should be the other way around.”

b)

“We need to be free NOW before things get any worse. If we wait, it will only be harder.”

c)

“There is nothing positive that will come from staying connected to Great Britain.”

d)

“Maybe all along the only reason Great Britain cared for us was for HER benefit!”

46.

Which principle did the Mayflower Compact establish?

a)

right to petition govt

b)

rule of law

c)

govt has power through consent of the governed

d)

taxation by consent

47.

Which of the documents was written first?

a)

Mayflower Compact

b)

English Bill of Rights

c)

Magna Carta

d)

Common Sense

48.

Which one called the British king a tyrant and said he had abused his power?

a)

Mayflower Compact

b)

Common Sense

c)

English Bill of Rights

d)

The Enlightenment

49.

Who said it was absurd for an island to control a whole continent?

a)

John Locke

b)

King John

c)

Thomas Paine

d)

Thomas Jefferson

50.

Which one established self-government in the American colonies?

a)

Magna Carta

b)

English Bill of Rights

c)

Social Contract

d)

Mayflower Compact

51.

Which one included free speech and the right to bear arms?

a)

English Bill of Rights

b)

Magna Carta

c)

The Enlightenment

d)

Mayflower Compact

52.

Which was signed by an English King?

a)

Mayflower Compact

b)

Social Contract

c)

Common Sense

d)

Magna Carta

53.

Where was Common Sense written?

a)

England

b)

The American Colonies

54.

Which documents influenced colonists views on government?

a)

Magna Carta, Iroquois Constitution, Common Sense

b)

Magna Carta, Mayflower Compact, Common Sense

c)

Common Sense, Articles of Confederation, Declaration of the Rights of Man

d)

Virginia Declaration of Rights, Common Sense, Bill of Rights

55.

The Magna Carta is important for establishing which of the following?

a)

an agreement for governing the colony of Plymouth

b)

the principle of limited government

c)

the scientific discoveries of the Enlightenment

d)

the Virginia Company

56.

The Mayflower Compact was a

a)

document that limited the power of the monarchy

b)

letter that the colonists sent to King George III

c)

pamphlet written by Thomas Paine

d)

written plan of government

57.

A government document that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people, as well as further limited the rights of the king; written by members of the English Parliament in 1689

a)

Magna Carta

b)

Common Sense

c)

English Bill of Rights

d)

Mayflower Compact

58.

How did Common Sense influence the Declaration of Independence?

a)

by using most of the language and format of the Declaration

b)

by persuading the Continental Congress to meet and discuss independence

c)

by introducing many of the ideas the Declaration later expressed

d)

by suggesting authors who could write the Declaration

59.

A purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to explain

a)

the problems the colonists had with British rule.

b)

the reasons colonists formed the Continental Congress.

c)

why some colonists refused to boycott British goods.

d)

why the colonies had the Boston Tea Party.

60.

Which is not an influence of Ancient Greece seen in the US today?

a)

Written Constitution

b)

Democracy

c)

States

d)

Universal suffrage