Free Printable Dr. Jones Review Exam 1

1.

A 30 year old female patient's ECG shows two P waves preceding each QRS complex. The interpretation of this pattern is which of the following?

a)

decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the atrioventicular (AV node)

b)

decreased conduction through the AV node

c)

decreased firing rate of the pacemaker in the sinoatrial (SA) node

d)

increased firing rate of the pacemaker in the SA node

e)

increased conduction through the His-Purkinje System

2.

During which phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest?

a)

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

b)

Atrial systole

c)

Reduced ventricular ejection

d)

Rapid ventricular ejection

e)

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

3.

Which of the following statements are TRUE about Isovolumetric Relaxation? Select all that apply

a)

In this phase of the cardiac cycle the ventricular volume is the highest

b)

Occurs right after the aortic valve closes

c)

The heart would have the lowest volume at this point

d)

In this phase of the cardiac cycle the ventricular volume is the lowest

4.

Use the diagram to answer, during which phase of the ventricular myocyte action potential is Ca2+ ion permeability the highest?

a)

Phase 1

b)

Phase 4

c)

Phase 2

d)

Phase 3

5.

Use the diagram to answer, Which phase of the ventricular myocyte action potential coincides with diastole?

a)

Phase 2

b)

Phase 4 (rest)

c)

Phase 1

d)

Phase 3

6.

In the sinoatrial node (SA) node, phase 4-depolarization (peacemaker potential) is attributable to:

a)

a decrease in Cl conductance

b)

a decrease in Ca conductance

c)

an increase in K conductance

d)

simultaneous increases in K and Cl conductance

e)

an increase in Na conductance

7.

Na+ channels open when the cell is hyperpolarized and this causes the pacemaker potential.

a)

True

b)

False

8.

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?

a)

Atrial systole

b)

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

c)

Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

d)

Reduced ventricular ejection

e)

Rapid ventricular ejection

9.

During the end of isovolumetric relaxation the pressure in the ventricle is low enough to allow the mitral valve to open (at that point isovolumetric relaxation ends)

a)

True

b)

False

10.

The tendency for edema to occur will be increased by

a)

increased venous pressure

b)

arteriolar constriction

c)

increased plasma protein concentration

d)

muscular activity

11.

Increased venous pressure occurs during right heart failure.

a)

True

b)

False

12.

Increase in venous pressure would increase venule pressure and cause less reabsorption on the venous side of the capillary (edema)

a)

True

b)

False

13.

At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest?

a)

Pulmonary artery

b)

Renal artery

c)

Right atrium

d)

Central vein

e)

Aorta

14.

Aorta a pressure gradient requires the aorta to have a high pressure.

a)

True

b)

False

15.

A person has cold, painful fingertips because of excessively constricted blood vessels in the skin. Which of the following alterations in autonomic function is most likely to be involved?

a)

Low concentration of circulating epinephrine

b)

High sensitivity of arterioles to norepinephrine

c)

High sensitivity of arterioles to nitric oxide

d)

Low parasympathetic nerve activity

e)

Arterioles insensitive to epinephrine

16.

Increased sensitivity to norepinephrine would cause excessive vasoconstriction.

a)

True

b)

False

17.

There is no parasympathetic effect on the vascular.

a)

True

b)

False

18.

During exercise, total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreases because of the effect of:

a)

the sympathetic nervous system on splanchnic arterioles

b)

histamine on skeletal muscle arterioles

c)

local metabolites on cerebral arterioles

d)

the parasympathetic nervous system on skeletal muscle arterioles

e)

local metabolites on skeletal muscle arterioles

19.

During exercise sympathetics stimulate an increase in MAP (inc. HR, SV), however in the muscles, local control dominates and metabolites cause vasodilation.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

Baroreceptor reflex will increase heart rate.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

The vasodilator will reduce which of the following .

a)

TPR and MAP

b)

TPR and HR

22.

The reflex will try to increase HR to compensate. (activate sympathetics).

a)

True

b)

False

23.

Sodium nitroprusside is a powerful arterial vasodilator used in various cardiovascular emergencies. Which of the following phenomena would be expected to be seen in a patient shortly after being given an IV bolus of Sodium nitroprusside?

a)

Tachycardia

b)

Decreased cardiac output

c)

Activation of the vasodepressor area in the medulla

d)

Depressed myocardial contractility with decreased heart rate

e)

Decreased stroke volume with decreased myocardial oxygen demand

24.

In the presence of a drug that blocks all the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine on the heart, the autonomic nervous system can

a)

raise the heart rate above its intrinsic rate

b)

lower the heart rate below its intrinsic rate

c)

raise and lower the heart rate above and below its intrinsic rate

d)

neither raise nor lower the heart rate from its intrinsic rate

e)

adjust only contractility of the heart

25.

Without sympathetic inputs to the heart, the parasympathetic will dominate and there will be a decrease in heart rate.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Pacemaker potential (early depolarization)

a)

Na

b)

Ca2

c)

K

d)

Mg

27.

Rapid upstroke

a)

Ca2

b)

Na

c)

K

d)

Mg

28.

Repolarization

a)

K

b)

Na

c)

Ca2

d)

Mg

29.

P-wave

a)

Atrial depolarization

b)

Ventricular depolarization

c)

Ventricular repolarization

d)

PR Interval

30.

QRS-wave

a)

Conduction through the AV node

b)

Ventricular depolarization

c)

Ventricular repolarization

d)

Atrial depolarization

31.

T-wave

a)

Ventricular repolarization

b)

Conduction through the AV node

c)

Atrial depolarization

d)

Ventricular depolarization

32.

P-R interval

a)

Atria depolarization

b)

Conduction through the AV node

c)

Ventricular depolarization

d)

Ventricular repolarization

33.

Which of the following places the events below in the correct order:

1. AV node depolarization

2. Bundle of His depolarization

3. Left branch depolarization

4. Purkinjie fiber depolarization

5. SA node depolarization

a)

5,1,2,4,3

b)

1,2,3,4,5

c)

5,1,4,3,2

d)

3,4,2,5,1

e)

5,1,2,3,4

34.

Use the following scenario to answer the open-ended question below

A 72-year-old male was hospitalized following an acute myocardial infarction. The patient's wife reports that he was sitting in a chair and suddenly fainted. The attending physician examined his electrocardiogram (ECG) and noted the development of Type II heart block.

a)

3:1

b)

2:3

c)

3:2

d)

4:3

35.

What effect does second-degree heart block have on heart rate? Increase or Decrease

a)

Increase

b)

Decrease

36.

A 45-year-old female is seen in the emergency room with an actively bleeding wound in her neck. Blood flow from the wound is steady (not pulsatile) and she has lost 1 liter of blood since the injury. Her blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg and her heart rate is 90 bpm. The patient’s hands and feet are cold. Which vessel has the patient most like damaged?

a)

Medium Vein

b)

Medium Artery

c)

Large Artery

37.

A 45-year-old female is seen in the emergency room with an actively bleeding wound in her neck. Blood flow from the wound is steady (not pulsatile) and she has lost 1 liter of blood since the injury. Her blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg and her heart rate is 90 bpm. The patient’s hands and feet are cold. what is the calculated pulse pressure?

a)

45

b)

90

c)

65

d)

40

38.

A 45-year-old female is seen in the emergency room with an actively bleeding wound in her neck. Blood flow from the wound is steady (not pulsatile) and she has lost 1 liter of blood since the injury. Her blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg and her heart rate is 90 bpm. The patient’s hands and feet are cold. what is her calculated MAP?

a)

78

b)

45

c)

60

d)

70

39.

A 45-year-old female is seen in the emergency room with an actively bleeding wound in her neck. Blood flow from the wound is steady (not pulsatile) and she has lost 1 liter of blood since the injury. Her blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg and her heart rate is 90 bpm. The patient’s hands and feet are cold. Due to her hemorrhage, which division of the autonomic nervous system will be activated?

a)

Sympathetic

b)

Parasympathetic

40.

A 45-year-old female is seen in the emergency room with an actively bleeding wound in her neck. Blood flow from the wound is steady (not pulsatile) and she has lost 1 liter of blood since the injury. Her blood pressure is 105/60 mm Hg and her heart rate is 90 bpm. The patient’s hands and feet are cold. Due to the activation of the division answered in the question above which receptors will be activated at the SA node?

a)

Muscarinic

b)

Alpha adrenergic

c)

Beta adrenergic

d)

Nicotinic

41.

How will activation of the receptor above change the nodal cell action potential?

a)

F-type Na+ channels will increase activation

b)

K+ channels will be activated

c)

Transient Ca2+ channels will reduce activity

d)

Depolarization will occur more slowly

Dr. Jones Review Exam 1

Total questions: 41

Worksheet time: 23mins

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