The empire that, in 1500, dominated modern Peru and Chile.

The social and economic structure of England and France in the Middle Ages.

The dynasty that ruled China in 1500 and constructed The Great Wall

Trade route through China and the Middle East

Most popular religion in northern African in 1500.

The church that dominated western Europe in the 1500s.

This Native empire was located in present-day Mexico and had a capital city known as Tenochtitlán

A government ruled by religious leaders is known as a _____.

This Native empire was located in South America.

The East African language that blended Bantu and Arabic

The ____ was a period characterized by a revival of interest in classical

Greek and Roman literature, art, and culture.

The Mongol ruler of China whose vast, violent mission of conquest earned him the nickname “the conqueror of the world"

This city in Mali was the center of Muslim wealth and knowledge in western Africa

When this Italian explorer returned to Italy and told of his trips to China and its vast wealth, few people believed him

This devastating global epidemic of the mid-1300s was spread by increasing trade between Asia and Europe, killing one-third of all Europeans

The Safavid and Mughal Empires were ____.

Both King James I of England and Louis XIV of France invoked this idea to justify their near-dictatorial rule.

Which country did the explorers Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco Da Gama come from?

Who sailed sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1488?

Ferdinand Magellan personally sailed all the way around the world.

French explorers, including Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain, sailed to present-day Canada and founded what outpost?

English colonialists had better relationships with Native Americans than French colonialists did.

The Dutch outpost in present-day Manhattan was initially known as:

In 1543, Polish monk _____ advanced science by correctly arguing that the Earth and planets moved around the sun. However, few people believed him.

____ used the recently invented telescope in 1609 to show that the moon was made of similar elements to the earth.

Prior to the Reformation, all Christians were Protestants.

People were angry with the Renaissance popes of the 1400s and 1500s for corruption, including the selling of "get out of sin for free" cards known as _____.

The Renaissance helped give rise to ____, which was the idea that personal learning was the path to fulfillment.

The invention of the printing press by ____ greatly increased the ability of Europeans to read the Bible for themselves, rather than needing to rely on Church leaders' interpretations.

In 1517, Martin Luther published his _____, which marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation by questioning the leadership of the Catholic Church.

Martin Luther argued that salvation came from both good deeds and faith in God.

Followers of Martin Luther became known as Lutherans, and were the first Protestants (i.e. non-Catholic Christians).

Founder of another branch of Protestantism, John Calvin, believed in the idea of ____, which said that before one was born, god had already decided whether they would go to heaven.

20th century historian and sociologist Max Weber argued that Calvinism was key to the development of ____, because Calvinists wanted to prove they were going to heaven by accumulating wealth on earth.

Enlightenment thinker _____expressed his views in a work

called Leviathan (1651). He argued that humans were naturally selfish and wicked and needed a dictator to control them.

Enlightenment thinker ____ argued that all humans had natural rights to life and liberty that needed to be protected by the social contract.

Enlightenment thinking _____ argued that government needed to reduce inequalities between citizens in order for democracies to work.

The spread of disease, foods, and animals between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres due to increased transportation and European colonization

Spanish explorers who often violently conquered Native civilizations in the Americas

Chattel slavery meant that one worked for free forever, whereas indentured servitude was a time-limited period of free labor.

The Atlantic trading system with three segments.

A ship might carry European manufactured goods such

as firearms to West Africa, and from there transport enslaved Africans to the

Americas, and then load up with sugar or tobacco to take to Europe.

The ____ was the key document in England's "Glorious Revolution." It established that no one, including the king, was above the law. It also guaranteed (some) citizens Enlightenment-influenced individual rights.

The English Civil War of 1642 began when King Charles I was accused of ignoring the rights of the legislature, known as the _____.

In the English Civil War, ____ led the Parliament's army and became ruler of England after he defeated _____, who was executed.

The question of who was more powerful in England -- the legislature (Parliament) or the monarchy (king or queen) -- was settled when _____ was/were forced by Parliament to sign the English

Bill of Rights, which ensured that the Parliament had power

over the monarchy.

On December 16, 1773, a group of

angry American colonists staged the ______

to protest, in part, that they were being taxed without having political representation in England.

The American Revolution officially began in 1775, and on July 4, 1776, leaders of this revolutionary movement met and signed the _____ where the American colonies officially declared their intentions to

break away from Britain and to establish their own nation.

Inequality between the French monarchy and average French citizens, who were often poor peasants, inspired peasants to storm a prison and weapons stockpile known as the _____. This event began the French Revolution.

One result of the French Revolution was the arrest and beheading of rulers ____ and ____. They were seen as symbols of out-of-touch rulers who lived lavishly while average citizens suffered.

Spanish colonies in Latin America enforced rigid social hierarchies that placed Peninsulares (Native Spaniards) at the top. Next were Creoles (ethnic Europeans born in Latin America). Then came European and Native mixed-race people, known as _____, and European and African mixed-race people, known as ____. Natives and Africans were at the bottom.

Inspired by Enlightenment ideas of individual rights, the formerly enslaved ______ led a rebellion in the French colony of Haiti (then known as Saint Domingue) that caused France to abolish slavery.

France’s emperor ______ was angry that L’Ouverture took control of Haiti, so he sent an army to imprison L’Ouverture. However, this inspired Haitians to defeat French forces and declare Haiti an independent nation.

____ is often known as the “George Washington of

South America” because from 1810 to 1824 he fought to liberate

a number of South American countries from Spanish control,

including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,

and Panama.

____ liberated Argentina from Spanish control.

____ was a priest who was inspired by the poverty and slavery he saw in Mexico to organize a revolt against Spanish colonial control of Mexico. He was eventually tried for treason by Spain and executed, but he inspired Mexico's (eventually successful) independence movement.

Following the various colonial independence movements in Latin America, the fifth U.S. president, _____, declared that the U.S. would opposed any further European colonies in the Americas. However, this also meant that the U.S. would increasingly intervene in Latin American politics.