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WorksheetsHigher Human Revision
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 47mins
A ___________ cell is any cell in the body other than cells involved in reproduction.
Germline
Gamete
Somatic
Stem
Identify the process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristic of that cell type.
Mitosis
Differentiation
Meiosis
Self renewal
Identify the therapeutic use of stem cells from the list below.
Fertility treatment for couples
Regeneration of damaged skin
Making insulin
A nucleotide is composed of 3 parts. A base plus
Hydrogen and a deoxyribose sugar.
Hydrogen and ribose sugar.
Phosphate and ribose sugar.
Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar.
What laboratory technique is used to amplify DNA?
PCR
Chromatography
DNA profiling
SDS-page
Which enzyme is required during the PCR process?
Ligase
RNA polymerase
Heat tolerant DNA polymerase
Lipase
The major storage fuel of slow twitch muscle fibres is......
Protein
Glucose
Fats
Carbohydrates
Fill in the gaps: Fast twitch muscle fibres contract relatively __________, over _________ periods.
slowly, short
Quickly, long
Quickly, short
Two features of anabolic reaction sequences are...
Breakdown of molecules & requires energy
Breakdown of molecules & Releases energy
builds up molecules & releases energy
builds up molecules & requires energy
The energy required to start off a chemical reaction sequence.
Reaction energy
Activation energy
Metabolic energy
Optimum energy
Which type of inhibition changes the shape of the active site?
End product
Competitive
Non-competitive
Alternative pathway
The graph shows the relationship between the concentrations of substrate and product in an enzyme- catalysed reaction. At which of the times shown is the rate of reaction at its greatest?
A
B
C
D
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATGGGAACTCCA
4
2
6
12
What term describes that different proteins can be expressed by one gene depending on which exons are retained?
Alternative exons
Alternative introns
Alternative splicing
Which hormone does the follicle secrete?
FSH
LH
Progesterone
Oestrogen
What is the role of testosterone?
Stimulates sperm production only
Stimulates sperm production and activates the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.
Stimulates the prostate gland and seminal vesicles only
Stimulates interstitial cells
One treatment for infertility is to stimulate ovulation. Ovulation is stimulated by drugs that...
prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on LH secretion
cause the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on LH secretion
prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion
cause the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion
Which of the following cell types releases cytokines?
Phagocyte
Mast cell
B lymphocytes
T lymphocyte
Which type of cell produces antibodies?
Phagocyte
Mast cell
B lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
What does the fatty material consist mostly of that forms an atheroma or plaque during atherosclerosis?
fibrous material, calcium and protein
Cholesterol, protein and white blood cells
Cholesterol, fibrous material and calcium
Fibrous material, cholesterol and carbohydrate
During formation of an atheroma, what happens after clotting factors are released?
Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
Fibrin is converted to fibrinogen
Thrombin is converted to prothrombin
Prothrombin is converted to thrombin
During pressure filtration, ______ pressure forces plasma out of capillaries into surrounding cells where it is known as ______.
Low/tissue fluid
High/tissue fluid
Low/lymph
High/lymph
Select all of the options which are true of diastole
Blood returns to the atria
A decrease in atrial pressure pushes open the AV valves
SL valves are open
Blood enters the ventricles
An impulse travels in one direction. Choose the correct direction from those listed ........
cell body to axon to dendrite
dendrite to axon to cell body
dendrite to cell body to axon
axon to cell body to dendrite
What does sensory memory retain?
All the visual and auditory input for a few seconds
all the visual and auditory input for 7 seconds
Some of the visual and auditory input for a few seconds
some of the visual and auditory input for 7 seconds
Which items are most likely to be remembered in the serial position effect?
the items in the middle of the list
the items at the beginning of the list
the items at the end of the list
......................... leads to a deeper form of encoding which leads to improved information retention.
Rehearsal
Elaboration
Organisation
The following single-gene mutations result in frame-shift mutations.
insertions or deletion
substitions
only insertions
all of the above
In the citric acid cycle, what reacts with acetyl to form citrate?
pyruvate
oxaloacetate
co enzyme A
glucose
What enzyme removes hydrogen ions and electrons and passes them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH
hydrogenase
dehydrogenase
phosphorylase
amylase
What is pyruvate converted to in the absence of oxygen?
glucose
sucrose
lactose
lactate
As electrons pass along the electron transport chain, what does this allow?
electrons to be pumped across the matrix of the mitochondrion.
electrons to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
hydrogen ions to be pumped across the matrix of the mitochondrion.
hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
FSH stimulates...
LH surge
development of follicle
production of oestrogen by follicle in follicular phase
production of oestrogen by follicle in luteal phase
Name the contraceptive pill that uses a combination of synthetic oestrogen and progesterone that mimics negative feedback preventing the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.
Morning after pill
Progesterone only (mini) pill
Oral contraceptive pill
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition caused by an allele that is not sex-linked. A child is born with cystic fibrosis despite neither parent having the condition. The parents are going to have a second child.
What is the percentage chance this child will have cystic fibrosis?
75%
67%
50%
25%
Which of these diagnostic tests can be carried out earlier in pregnancy?
Amniocentesis
CVS
Where are the receptors that detect and respond to changes in blood glucose levels?
Liver
Pancreas
Adrenaline secretion results in the fight or flight response which would cause what to happen to each hormone involved in blood glucose regulation?
Glucagon, decreases
Insulin, increases
Glucagon, increases
Insulin, decreases
A glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes. Which of these are true for this test?
Must fast for 12 hours prior.
Drink a glucose solution.
Measure blood glucose concentration for the next 2 hours.
Urine is tested for glucose.
Which of these is the best description of obesity?
excess muscle in relation to fat tissue.
being unhealthy.
excess body fat in relation to lean body tissue.
excess body fat.
Which part of a neuron is responsible for the cells metabolism?
the axon
the dendrite
the cell body
the axon terminal
What type of cells produce the myelin sheath and support neurons?
Presynaptic neuron
T cells
Glial cells
post synaptic neuron
Neurotransmitters can be removed by ................ or ......................... to prevent continuous stimulation of the post synaptic neurons.
Enzymes or reabsorption
enzymes or removal
enzymes or re uptake
Drug addiction is caused by repeated use of drugs that act as .......................
agonists
antagonists
What areas of localised function does the cerebral cortex contain?
motor, encoding and memory
sensory, physical and linking
sensory, motor and association
Why is group size important in clinical trials?
To increase experimental error.
To reduce experimental error and establish statistical significance.
To reduce experimental error.
To establish statistical significance and test lots of people.
What is a placebo?
Appears like a drug/vaccine but does not contain the drug/vaccine, so has no effect.
Appears like the drug/vaccine but actually contains a different drug/vaccine.
A more dangerous version of the drug that they want to test.
Appears different from a drug/vaccine but does not contain the drug/vaccine, so has no effect.
What is an adjuvant?
Substance which makes the vaccine less effective, so reducing chances of survival.
Substance which makes the vaccine more effective, so enhancing immune response.
Substance which makes a vaccine more effective by including more viral RNA in it.
Substance which makes no difference to the vaccine.
HIV attacks and destroys ____________________. This depletion of tis cell type then develops into AIDS (weakened immune system and more vulnerable to infection)
B-lymphocytes
T-lymhocytes
Antibodies
Cells
Antibodies are Y shaped proteins that can bind to antigens and inactivate a pathogen. Identify where antibodies are produced.
B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
Mast Cells
Pollen
Phagocytosis involves surrounding and engulfing pathogens and then destroying them with digestive enzymes which are contained in _______________.
cytokines
pathogens
mast cells
lysosomes
Define 'desensitisation'.
Increase in number and sensitivity of receptors, due to antagonists blocking these receptors.
Decrease in number and sensitivity of receptors, due to agonists stimulating these receptors.
Identify the statement which is true.
Agonists are chemicals that bind to and stimulate specific receptors, mimicking the action of a neurotransmitter.
Antagonists are chemicals that bind to receptors, mimicking the action of a neurotransmitter.
Drug addiction is caused by repeated use of drugs that act as agonists.
Drug tolerance is caused by repeated use of drugs that act as antagonists.
