The central ray is directed to which of the following for an AP or AP axial projection of the foot

The most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the ____ oblique in _____

Which lateral projection of the foot is the most commonly performed

What is the central-ray angulation for the axial (plantodorsal) projection of the calcaneus?

Which of the following is not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the ankle?

Where will the fibula be located on a properly positioned lateral radiograph of the ankle

The central-ray angulation for an AP oblique projection of the ankle is

What is the position of the femoral condyles when the leg is properly positioned for an AP projection

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is between 19-24cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is

When the ASIS-to-tabletop measurement is less than 19cm, the central-ray angulation for an AP knee is

The central-ray angulation for a lateral projection of the knee is

What is the central-ray angle for a lateral projection of the patella

How many degrees should the limp be internally rotated for an AP projection of the femur

How far should the IR/collimated field extend below the knee for a lateral projection of the femur

The superior portion of the calcaneus contains a groove called the cacaneal sulcus. The inferior portion of the talus contains a matching groove called the sulcus tali. Collectively these to suci form the

The proximal end of the tibia presents two prominent processes called the

The two flat, superior surfaces of the tibia are called the

On an anterior surface of the tibia is a prominent process called the

The circular fibrocartilage disks or pads that lie on the tibial plateaus are called the

What type of joint is the ankle mortise?

Which of the following bones does not bear body weight

The incomplete separation of avulsion of the tibial tuberosity is known as

The hip bone is composed of which of the following?

1. Illium

2. pubis

3. ischium

The ilia articulate with the sacrum posteriorly at the

Which of the following will be shown "in profile" if the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column should present how many curves

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?

1. Thoracic

2. lumbar

3. sacrum and coccyx

The articulations between the articular process of the vertebral arches are called the ____ joints

Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles

The vertebra prominens is the same name given to the ____ vertebra

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane

The condition of the lumbar spine in which there is anterior displacement of one vertebra over another is termed

On each side of the sacral base is a large winglike mass called the

The angle of the articulation between the sacrum and the ilia (the sacroiliac joints) is ____ degrees

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis

The central-ray angle for an AP axial of cervical vertebrae is

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?

1. AP Axial

2. AP axial oblique

3. PA axial oblique

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine

The swimmer's technique lateral projection is performed to demonstrate the

Ideally, the cathode end of an x-ray tube should be positioned to take advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP thoracic spine?

If a lead rubber sheet is not placed on the table when performing a lateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be

Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline of the grid for a lateral lumbar spine

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine

Which of the following devices might be used to improve image quality on a lateral projection of the lumbar spine?

1. Close collimation

2. 48-inch SID

3. Sheet of leaded rubber

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog"?

1. lateral

2. AP oblique

3. PA oblique

How many degrees is the body rotated for an AP oblique projection of the sacroiliac joint

The central-ray angle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is

The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is

Where does the central-ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum

The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is

Which of the following techniques should be utilized to decrease radiation dose during scoliosis radiography?

1. close collimation

2. breast shields

3. PA projection instead of AP

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the _____ fail to unit posteriorly

The second cervical vertebrae is called the

The superior and inferior articular processes of the cervical spine form thick columns called the

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes on a typical lumbar vertebrae is called the

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebral column are classified as

Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to the posterior ends?

The space between each of the ribs is called the

Which joints articulate with a vertebra?

1. costovertebral

2. costotranverse

3. costochondral

For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the lowest position in the body

Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?

Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification

The central-ray angle for a lateral sternum is

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (body rotation technique)

When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclavicular articulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?

Which of the following body positions will project the left ribs clear of the heart?

1. lateral

2. LAO

3. RPO

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm

The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum

Which ribs are called the false ribs

Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only

What degree of x-ray tube angulation is required to demonstrate the sternum on a patient whose thorax measures 30cm

The area between the two lungs is termed the

Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus

After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many primary branches are in the right lung

The lungs are composed of a light, spongy substance called the

The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the

What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung

What is the most optimal position of the patient for the examinations of the heart and lungs

Why is the left lateral chest position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest

The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed

Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy

How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PA chest radiograph

Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph

If a patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices?

How is the central-ray positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitus position?

How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

What is the patient position for the lateral projection done in the dorsal decubitus position?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the