What is the name of the large serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs it contains

Lines the abdominopelvic cavity; outer layer

covers the organs

The four subdivisions of Peritoneum

- Fan shaped

- Extends from the posterior abdominal wall -> small intestines

- Houses vessels & nerves between the layers that supply the intestine

Extends from the posterior abdominal wall -> colon

- Large, contains much fat, hangs like an apron over the front of the intestine

- extends from the lower portion of stomach and colon (transverse) like a loop

- A smaller membrane that extends between the stomach and the liver

Which of the following is the correct order from the outermost to innermost layer?

- layers of mucosal epithelium

- contain goblet cells

- Secretion, Protection, & Absorption

• Loose CT that supports mucosa

• joins mucosa to smooth muscle layer

• contains blood vessels, & nerves

• contains mucus secreting glands in small intestine & esophagus

• Regulation of digestive function

• intestinal cell nourishment;

• Removal of absorbed nutrients

- Circular and longitudinal layers;

- additional oblique layer in stomach

- Motility; moves food through the GI tract

- Thin, moist, epithelial membrane (formed from simple squamous epithelium) and loose CT

• covers the outside of abdominal organs

• Protection;

• Support;

• Separation between organs

propels the tube contents rapidly

mixes the contents (food with digestive juices) and propels them slowly

the mouth processes food by

receives food

chews food; teeth, assisted by tongue, cheeks, & lips

- Produced by salivary glands, lubricates & dilutes food,

- contains enzyme ‘salivary amylase’ -> initiates starch digestion

Movement of food towards throat to be swallowed

Tongue:

- aids in chewing and swallowing, speech

- surface covered with taste buds (distinguishes various taste sensations)

A bolus of food is moved into the pharynx where reflex swallowing forces it into the esophagus.

The opening to the larynx/trachea is guarded by the epiglottis

- Muscular tube about 10 inches (25cm) long

- No digestion occurs here.

- Food is lubricated with mucus.

- Peristalsis moves food into stomach.

- J-shaped organ under diaphragm, in upper left region of abdominal cavity

- inner oblique muscle layer, aids in grinding food & mixing it with digestive juices

structures of the stomach:

the sphincter of the stomach:

Sphincter - A muscular ring that regulates the size of an opening. Two sphincters at each end of the stomach.

- Between the esophagus and the stomach.

- “the cardiac sphincter”

- Controls the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach

- Between the distal end of the stomach and the small intestine

- Regulates the passage of food from stomach into the duodenum (along with the pylorus).

the stomach function:

When the stomach is empty, the lining forms many folds called rugae. As the stomach expands these folds disappear.

The stomach secretes

The Small Intestine - Longest part of the digestive tract. Smaller in diameter than the large intestine

the small intestine averages 10 feet in length

The small intestine 3 subdivisions:

Almost all digestion and absorption of food occurs in the small intestine. Functions include - Secretion, Motility, Digestion, Absorption

Functions of the Small Intestine

__ (from duodenal mucosa & submucosa) to

protect the small intestine from the highly acidic content coming

from stomach

occurs to ensure food is thoroughly mixed with digestive juices & it is regulated to ensure proximal segments contract before the distal segments

__ that continue digestion of proteins and carbohydrates.

What type of food is digested in the stomach?

What are the functions of the large intestine?

which organ receives food flowing through the pyloric sphincter?

the accessory organs include

1. Manufactures bile

2. Controls blood glucose levels

3. Modifies fats

4. Stores some vitamins, iron

5. Forms blood plasma proteins

6. Destroys old red blood cells

7. Synthesizes urea

8. Detoxifies harmful substances

The liver is supplied with blood through the

rich in digestive end products

high in oxygen

the liver has 4 lobes

bile exits the liver by the common hepatic duct, which merges with the cytic duct (from gallbladder) to form the common bile duct --> duodenum

The liver 'emulsifies fat' --> main digestive function

- muscular sac located on inferior surface of the liver

- stores bile

When chyme enters the duodenum the gallbladder contracts,

the hepatopancreatic sphincter opens and bile flows out into

the duodenum

- Long endocrine gland that extends from the duodenum to the spleen

- produces insulin & glucagon hormones

The prancreas releases:

Are protein molecules that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions

- Required for digestion

- Catalysts; are not changed or used up in reactions

- Highly specific proteins

Role of water

seven liters of water is secreted into the digestive tract daily

Which salivary glands are directly below the tongue?

Into which part of the small intestine do accessory organs secrete?

What are the names and locations of the salivary glands?

Which accessory organ secretes bile, and what is the function of bile in digestion?

What is the role of the gallblader?

catalysts, a specific protein that speeds the rate of chemical reaction (digestion) with no change to themselves

absorption is the process of moving nutrients from the GI tract into the blood

which enzyme digests carbohydrates?

which portion of the autonomic nervous system inhibits digestion?

what are the two types of control over the digestive progress

- desire for food

- regulated by hypothalamic centers

- respond to nutrient levels

- satisfied by adequate meal

- no relationship to food

- may not be satisfied by adequate meal

 What are six common diseases of the mouth and teeth?

GERD stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Which two diseases fall into the category of inflammatory bowl disease?

what are two forms of constipation

Hepatitis = inflammation of the liver

the common term for cholelithiasis is gallstones