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Year 12 Biology - Translation, cell division and mutation

Total questions: 58

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The triplets of mRNA read by a ribosome are called _____.

a)

anticodons

b)

coded gene

c)

codons

d)

rRNA

2.

Which of the following is known as the START codon?

a)

UAG

b)

AUG

c)

UGA

d)

UAA

3.

Which type of RNA is the message of the decoded gene from DNA?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rDNA

4.

Which type of RNA is the carrier of amino acids?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

DNA

5.

What is translation?

a)

the process in which DNA is copied to make another molecule of DNA

b)

the process in which DNA is coded into mRNA

c)

the process in which mRNA is decoded into a protein

d)

the process in which enzymes break down mRNA

6.

The DNA sequence ATC-AGC-GCT-GGC is part of a gene. how many amino acids are coded for by this message?

a)

4

b)

8

c)

3

d)

12

7.

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

a)

Nucleic Acids

b)

Glucose

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Phosphate Groups

8.

What is the name of a chain of amino acids?

a)

hydrogen bonds

b)

polypeptide

c)

amino acid chain

d)

double helix

9.

Which amino acid matches with the following codon:

GAU

a)

GLU

b)

SER

c)

ASP

d)

ILE

10.

Which amino acid matches with the following codon:

CAC

a)

STOP

b)

HIS

c)

LYS

d)

ARG

11.

Use the mRNA below to select the correct amino acid sequence:

AUG-UCA-AAA-UAG

a)

MET-SER-LYS-STOP

b)

MET-THR-LYS-TYR

c)

LEU-SER-CYS-STOP

d)

ILE-LYS-SER-STOP

12.
What structure in a cell is the site for making proteins?
a)
ribosomes
b)
mitochondria
c)
lysosome
d)
Golgi body
13.
What is this a picture of?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
pRNA
14.
If the mRNA sequence is AGA UUU CGA GCC,
what is the complementary tRNA anticodons?
a)
AGA TTT CGA GCC
b)
UCU AAA GCU CGG
c)
TCT AAA GCT CGG
d)
UCU AAA CGA GGG
15.

What is the correct sequence of protein synthesis?

A. tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

B. DNA molecules serve as the templates for mRNA.

C. mRNA molecules move to ribosomes.

D. Polypeptides are formed on ribosomes.

a)

A-B-C-D

b)

B-C-A-D

c)

C-B-A-D

d)

D-B-A-C

16.
Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
a)
Histones
b)
Whey
c)
Casein
d)
Hemoglobin
17.
The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.
a)
genome
b)
epigenome
c)
genetic markers
d)
RNA codon
18.
The difference between DNA code and the epigenome is that the DNA code is
a)
flexible, while the epigenome is fixed for life
b)
fixed for life, while the epigenome is flexible
c)
determined by the environment, while the epigenome is not
d)
determined by one's stress level, while the epigenome is not
19.
When cells are exposed to chemicals that damage DNA, what is the usual response?
a)
The cells automatically become cancerous
b)
Normal biochemical repair processes fix any damage
c)
The cells undergo apoptosis, a type of cell death
d)
The cells change to a different type of cell
20.
Which factor can affect the epigenome?
a)
nutrition
b)
exercise
c)
stress 
d)
all of these factors can affect the epigenome
21.

The chemical compound modifications to the DNA code that can tell the DNA code what to do

a)
genome
b)
epigenome
c)

microgenetics

d)
RNA codon
22.

Which of these can cause a gene to be expressed more - that is, can cause more protein to be made from it?

a)

removal of methyl groups from the DNA

b)

loosening of how tight the DNA is coiled around histones

c)

both of these are correct

23.

True or False: Epigenetic changes are permanent.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

True or False: Epigenetic changes can be passed on to future generations.

a)

True

b)

False

25.

The study of the inherited changes in gene expression that occur without a change in gene sequence and influence how an organism's genes express themselves. Mechanisms are influenced by food and environment. They play an important role in the fetal basis of adult disease susceptibility.

a)

bionomics

b)

genomics

c)

genetics

d)

epigenetics

26.

A chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed.

a)

activators

b)

methylation

c)

acetylation

d)

proteins

27.

Epigenetics refers to changes in:

a)

DNA sequence

b)

Gene structure

c)

Gene expression

d)

DNA frequency

28.

In terms of epigenetics, acetylated histones usually result in which of the following?

a)

Increase in transcription/ gene expression

b)

Decrease in transcription/ gene expression

c)

Increase in DNA - lamina association

d)

Decrease in DNA - lamina association 

29.
The longest phase of the cell cycle 
a)
prophase
b)
interphase
c)
metaphase
d)
mitosis
30.
Identify the phase of mitosis
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
31.
Which phase comes NEXT?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
32.
Which is Metaphase?
a)
A
b)
E
c)
C
d)
F
33.
The point on the chromosome where the two chromatids are held together is the
a)
centromere
b)
centriole
c)
chromosome
d)
chromatid
34.
The first stage of the cell cycle during which the cell matures and prepares to divide and copies its DNA; The stage the cell stays in the most
a)
interphase
b)
prophase
c)
metaphase
d)
anaphase
35.
What is this phase of mitosis?
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
36.
Put the stages of mitosis in the correct order.
a)
prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
b)
metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase
c)
anaphase - prophase - telophase - metaphase
d)
telophase - metaphase - prophase - anaphase
37.
Chromosomes are made up of two identical sister _____________.
a)
chloroplasts
b)
nuclei
c)
chromatids 
d)
gens
38.
Which of the following describes the purpose of the mitosis cell cycle?
a)
To make more of the same cells.
b)
For growth and repair.
c)
To prevent the cell from becoming too large.
d)
All of the above.
39.
What is the result of mitosis?
a)
1 cell
b)
2 genetically identical cells
c)
2 genetically different cells
d)
4 genetically identical cells
40.

This graphic represents

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

41.
What is it called when a sperm and egg meet?
a)
meiosis
b)
fertilization
c)
cell division
d)
mitosis
42.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
43.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
44.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
45.
Which letter(s) in the diagram correspond to cells that are haploid? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
A and B
46.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
47.
What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning
48.
What is this?
a)
Trisomy 13
b)
Monosomy 21
c)
47, XXY
d)
Trisomy 21
49.
Diploid Cells are represented by
a)
2n
b)
n
c)
4n
d)
1/2 n
50.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

51.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
52.

ATT-TGA-GCC- Original

ATT-GAG-CC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

53.

Original DNA: CAT GAT CCA

New DNA: CAT TGA TCC A

What mutation occurred?

a)

deletion

b)

substitution

c)

tranverse

d)

insertion

54.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

55.

A mutation in which only one nucleotide is altered is called a:

a)

Frameshift Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Point Mutation

d)

Insertion Mutation

56.
The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Which statement correctly describes a way that mutations increase the likelihood that a species will survive in a changing environment?
a)
Mutations are a source of variation in the species
b)
Mutations are the cause of disease in the species
c)
Mutations are not harmful when they occur in somatic cells
d)
Mutations are always passed on to subsequent generations
57.
Which mutation will cause translation to stop? 
a)
Mutations 1 and 3 only
b)
Mutation 1 only
c)
Mutation 2 only
d)
Muations 1, 2, 3
58.

Genetic mutations can be...

a)

beneficial, harmful, or neutral

b)

beneficial only

c)

harmful only

d)

neutral only

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