Why are most emerging infectious disease that infect humans due to viruses?

Which of these describes the structure of a virus?

Select the components of a virus:

Which structure may or may not be present and is attached to specific receptors such as (glycoproteins)?

Which structure protects, determines shape and attachment to host cells?

Which structure is acquired as a "bud" or move through membranes of host, help hide (increase infection by fusing with host membrane)?

What are the two shapes a virus can come in?

What word describes a viral host range?

Poliovirus is known to infect?

What word describes viral specificity?

Where can papillomavirus appear?

How does cytomegalovirus appear?

What system is used to name and classify viruses?

How many classes are in the Baltimore Classification system?

How are viruses classified?

The name Picornaviridae was based on:

The name Retroviridae was based on:

The name Parvoviridae was based on:

The name Togaviridae was based on:

The name Reoviridae was based on:

The name Coronaviridae was based on:

Which of these describes DNA?

Which of these describes RNA?

Which of these describes DNA?

Which of these describes RNA?

What are the major RNA viruses that cause human disease?

A (+) sense is:

A (-) sense is:

What is the first step in replication to produce more virions?

What is the 2nd step in replication to produce more virions?

What is the 3rd step in replication to produce more virions?

What is the 4th step in replication to produce more virions?

What is the 5th step in replication to produce more virions?

How many steps are in the replication process to produce more virions?

What step pertains to the attachment, cell walls, pili or flagella?

What step pertains to the lysozyme in tail, phage penetrates bacterial cell wall and cell membrane. Phage DNA is injected?

What step pertains phage DNA to mRNA using host machinery to produce copies of phage DNA?

What step pertains assembly of head packed with DNA?

What step pertains lysozyme burst time 20-40 mins, 50-200 new phages?

True or false: DNA viruses all replicate in the nucleus except for pox viruses which replicate in the cytoplasm.

What are the steps in animal virus replication?

Where does pox virus replicate?

Explain the utility of bacteriophage therapy

What is a bacteriophage?

True or false: It is harder to develop new phage than new antibiotic.

When any human becomes infected with a virus the interferon makes:

What does Type 1 IFN do?

Which are a part of the Innate Response system?

____ is an early component of host response o virus infection, help control virus replication, kill infected cells and secrete cytokine, can either terminate infection or contain it until CD8+ CTL response

Which immune response is responsible for antigen processing and presentation by MHC Class 1 molecules and CTL killing?

When IFN's bind to ____ IFN receptor stimulate ____ cell into action to kill virally infected cells.

____ are CD8+ cytotoxic cells that kill cells infected with viruses.

CTL secrete ______ which trigger apoptosis.

______ and ______ make holes in the membrane to help deliver granzymes into a cell.

CTL express ____ ligand on membrane which binds ____ on target cell which triggers apoptosis?

True or false: Viruses take over cellular machinery to make their proteins in the cytosol. Proteasomes in the cytosol are modified upon infection to degrade and process viral peptides so that they bind MHC 1.

CTL's are CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that kill cells infected with viruses. CTLs are activated by a viral peptide being presenting in the ____ of an ____ molecule on surface of APC.

Which action does this describe? Aids in delivering contents of granules into the cytoplasm of target cell.

Which action does this describe? Serine proteases, which activate apoptosis once in the cytoplasm of the cell target.

Which action does this describe? Has antimicrobial actions and can induce apoptosis.

What are the mechanisms that viruses use to evade and subvert the host immune system?

Which causes a point mutation in the genes that encode hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, changes 2-3 years and is usually mild epidemics?

Which causes major influenza pandemics, big changes, genetic reassortment when two viruses (usually from different animal hosts ie.birds and humans) infect the SAME cell.

Which virus can be latent which means the virus is not being replicated. It does NOT cause disease but it CANNOT be eliminated since there are no viral peptides being made to flag its presence.

_______ a state or period of inactivity or dormancy.

_______ when virus is not being replicated, dos not cause disease but cannot be eliminated due to lack of viral proteins being made to flag its presence.

What causes chicken pox, but remains in dorsal root ganglia. When reactivated causes Shingles?

What can latent memory B cells lead to?

Development and function of NK cells and CD8+ T cells are dependent on ______ molecules.

_____ effects of a virus on cell in vitro can sometimes determine which virus is present by cells' reaction.

The earlier in pregnancy infected the greater the damage. This describes which type of effect?

How are viruses detected?

What can the TORCH test detect?

Which test is a serial dilution of virus?

Which test is a serial dilution of antiserum where you add standard amount of virus, let bind and add standard RBC to detect virus unbound to antibody.

Which test is an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay?

Which test is an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay?

Which test the test where you don't have to culture the virus to detect it, need to know the nucleotide sequence of viral genes and where you can amplify genes from non-cultivable viruses for vaccine production. These cloned genes can then be injected into an animal and express protein = dna vaccine?

What are some examples and characteristics that cause cancer?

What is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in the world?

What is the specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue?

What are some symptoms of dengue fever?

True or false: you can give the dengue vaccine to those with NO prior infection.

True or false: The Dengue vaccine developed by Sanofi Pasteur is a 3-dose series, 0/6/12 month schedule vaccination

_____ protein allows virus to attach to human cells during infection.

How many serotypes exist for Dengue fever?

True or false: Serotypes of Dengue fever are cross-protective.