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WorksheetsSpecial Education - Characteristics & Milestones
Total questions: 88
Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins
Which of the following describes atypical development for a first-grade student?
Frequent changes in the friend group
Recurring fear and crying when dropped off at school by a parent
Challenging rules, such as the established bedtime
A desire to do many things independently
By what grade do most typically developing children form an understanding of the difference between reality and make-believe?
preschool (age 3)
prekindergarten (age 4)
kindergarten
first-grade
Tristan is a third grader who is struggling with identification of sign words and letter-sound correspondence. What can be said about Tristan?
His cognitive development is typical of his age and grade.
He is ready to begin the transition from learning to read and reading to learn.
He could benefit from further practice on distinguishing cause-and-effect relationships.
He should be targeted for intervention as his development is atypical.
Mrs. Howard gives a math activity to her prekindergarten class in which she asks them to write the different addition equations that lead to an answer of ten (for example: 9+1, 8+2, 7+3, and so forth). What will be the likely result?
Most typically developing children in her class will be able to complete this activity independently and with ease.
Most typically developing children in her class will be able to complete this activity with some scaffolding.
This activity will be a great assessment tool to enable Mrs. Howard to screen for developmental delays.
Most students in the class will not be able to complete this activity as it is not developmentally appropriate.
Marcus is a first grader in Mrs. Hyatt's class who very rarely speaks. She notices that he is unable to answer the following question: "When is your birthday?" What would her most likely reaction be?
She would not be concerned since a first grader wouldn't be expected to know this answer.
She would likely be concerned about a possible speech or language problem.
She would assume that his family simply does not celebrate birthdays.
She would likely have concerns about a possible emotional disturbance.
Zakk, a second grader, is overheard by his teacher using a mildly profane word. What would be her best response?
to call his parents to express concern that he likely had an emotional disturbance
to meet with his parents to discuss his television and internet use
to speak with Zakk about the word and explain how it is not a nice word to use
to provide immediate punitive consequences
Fauzia's parents come to her first-grade teacher to ask if they should be concerned that Fauzia is unable to dress herself or use the bathroom without help. What should the teacher's response be?
She should tell Fauzia's parents that she has an intellectual disability.
She should suggest screening for autism spectrum disorder.
She should advise Fauzia's parents to consult with her pediatrician about her physical development.
she should tell Fauzia's parents that her development is on-course with set milestones.
A prekindergarten teacher is using observational notes to track the physical development of her students. She is concerned about one student who seems to lack interest in drawing and coloring. What activities would be most useful for her to observe in order to collect more data along the same line.
the child's interactions with other students at the dramatic play center
how the child feeds herself at lunch and snack time
which centers the child is most drawn toward
how fast the child runs during outside time
Which of the following theorists would not be considered a constructivist?
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
John Dewy
John Watson
A kindergarten teacher notices that after one of the students in the class begin wearing the macaroni necklace she made in art class on her head, several other students also put their necklaces on their heads. Which learning theory might she be observing in action?
social learning theory
the sensorimotor stage
operant conditioning
the cognitive theory of development
One of the criticisms of behaviorism is that
it lacks an empirical evidence.
it fails to account for both positive and negative behaviors.
it does not explain change over time.
it does not make any distinction between humans and animals.
Mrs. Reyes gives a piece of candy to each student who scores 100 percent on the weekly spelling test. This is an example of?
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
attribution theory
self-determination theory
Rebecca is a sixth grader who has historically worked ver hard in school and maintained good conduct grades. Recently, she has begun to socialize with a new group of friends and joins in as they throw food in the lunchroom causing them to receive detention. What can be said about Rebecca?
She needs retraining to attribute her behavior to an external locus of causality.
She has lost intrinsic motivation to follow school rules.
She might be responding to a high need for affiliation with this peer group.
She would benefit from more choice and autonomy to increase her intrinsic motivation.
Which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation to read for enjoyment?
The desire to improve reading skills in order to get good grades.
The feeling of pleasure gleaned from the act of reading.
The craving for praise from those who see one in the act of reading.
The desire to be "well-read" in order to garner envy from classmates.
Which of the following disabilities require a medical diagnosis in order to qualify for special education services?
speech or language impairment
specific learning disability
developmental delay
intellectual disability
multiple disabilities
The largest percentage of students receiving special education services are accommodated under the IDEA category of
specific learning disability
autism spectrum disorder
emotional disturbance
intellectual disability
speech or language impairment
Which type of learning disability is characterized by the difficulty with the motor movements required for written expression?
dyslexia
dysgraphia
dyscalculia
dysrhythmia
Which best describes an instructional model which helps students with learning disabilities master complex mathematical concepts by beginning with hands-on introduction before progressing to representation and application of the concept?
concrete/semi-concrete/abstract instruction
scaffolding
problem-solving strategies
mnemonic techniques
Apraxia is which type of disability?
Voice Disorder
Speech Fluency Impairment
Speech Sound Production Impairment
Language Impairment
Mr. White's ninth-grade English class is giving oral presentations following a literature study. Billy is a student in Mr. White's class who stutters and has extreme anxiety about speaking in front of people, which causes increased disfluency. Which would be the best accommodation to help Billy give his oral presentation?
allowing Billy to read off cue cards
allowing Billy to pre-record his presentation and play the video for the class
excusing Billy from the assignment
having Billy do a deep breathing exercise prior to the presentation
Students with ________________ deficits would benefit from interventions which practice letter-sound correspondence, sound blending, sound segmenting, and rhyming.
phonological
syntactic and and morphological
pragmatic
semantic
Students with ________________ deficits would benefit from targeted use of more complex words and sentences in oral and written language
phonological
syntactic and and morphological
pragmatic
semantic
Students with ________________ deficits would benefit from extra practice with curricular vocabulary.
phonological
syntactic and and morphological
pragmatic
semantic
Students with ________________ deficits would benefit from direct social skill instruction to help learn appropriate language uses in social and academic situations.
phonological
syntactic and and morphological
pragmatic
semantic
Occur when a vocal quality such as pitch, loudness, or tone significantly differs rom age or social expectations.
Voice disorders
Dysphonia
Speech fluency impairments
Language impairments
Speech sound production impairments
The term used to describe most voice disorders and includes hoarseness, roughness, breathiness, or strangled quality of tone; it can also include abnormal pitch, volume, or resonance.
Voice disorders
Dysphonia
Speech fluency impairments
Language impairments
Speech sound production impairments
Occur when the flow of speech is regularly interrupted
Voice disorders
Dysphonia
Speech fluency impairments
Language impairments
Speech sound production impairments
Occur when an individual has difficulty with the motor production and/or phonological representation of speech sounds.
Voice disorders
Dysphonia
Speech fluency impairments
Language impairments
Speech sound production impairments
Occur when a child has difficult comprehending and/or using spoken language.
Voice disorders
Dysphonia
Speech fluency impairments
Language impairments
Speech sound production impairments
The most common placement for students with learning disabilities is in
the general education classroom
the resource room
the self-contained classroom
a specialty school or residential program
SELECT ALL OF THE FOLLOWING:
The criteria being classified as having a specific learning disability includes:
Persistant (occurring for at least 6 months) academic problems in at least 1/6 areas: inaccurate or slow and effortful reading, poor reading comprehension, poor spelling, poor written expression, poor number sense, poor mathematical reading
An individuals learning disabilities are not due to other disabilities
Substantial discrepancy between actual and expected academic skills
Learning difficulties begin in school-years age but may not become evident until task demands increase
Examine the degree to which a certain condition, such as a learning disability, occurs in a single family
Familiality studies
Heritability studies
Familiality analysis
Heritability analysis
An understanding that the speech flow can be broken down into smaller units of sounds such as words, syllables, onsets-times, and phonemes is
Phonological awareness
Phonemic awareness
Phonics
Comprehension
Fluency
An understanding that specific words can be broken down into individual sounds
Phonological awareness
Phonemic awareness
Phonics
Comprehension
Fluency
TRUE OR FALSE
Effective writing instruction includes systematic strategies for handwriting
TRUE
FALSE
Researchers have found that one of the major reasons that children with learning disabilities perform poorly on memory tasks is that, unlike their peers without disabilities, they do not
posses an internal cerebral connection between the hippocampus and broca area
use strategies
have sufficient brain cells to use sufficient brain processes required to do memory tasks
have motivation
Which of the following is NOT true?
PALS is based on research-proven best practices
PALS involves the pairing of a higher performing student with a lower performing student
While using the PALS strategy, students will be assigned a specific task: one student will be the coach (tutor) while the other is the reader (tutee).
PALS stands for peer-assisted learning strategies and can be used during reading instruction.
Refers to the rules governing speech sounds
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Refers to the rules that govern alterations of the internal organization or words.
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Refers to the rules of organizing sentences in a meaningful way.
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Refers to the rules about attaching meanings and concepts to words.
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
Refers to the rules about using language for social purposes.
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
A primary language disorder
has no known cause
is caused by another condition
A secondary language disorder
has no known cause
is caused by another condition
The largest percentage of learners with special education services under OHI
have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
have epilepsy
have Tourette syndrome
have sickle cell disease
have hemophilia
A neurological disorder often characterized by repetitive, involuntary words or actions.
Tourette syndrome
Epilepsy
Sickle cell disease
Hemophilia
A neurological disorder characterized by frequent seizures
Tourette syndrome
Epilepsy
Sickle cell disease
Hemophilia
Cynthia is a second-grade student with diabetes. Her school team has a plan of care to address needs related to Cynthia's diabetes including glucose testing, extra snack times, insulin injections, and an emergency plan. What is this type of plan often called?
diabetes control plan
individual health plan
seizure action plan
individualized education plan
Which of the following best describes the primary symptoms of ADHD
hyperactivity and impulsivity
hyperactivity, impulsivity, and learning delays
hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention
impulsivity, learning delays, and inattention
Zane is a student with autism who has difficulty transitioning between classes. What would be an appropriate antecedent intervention to improve Zane's ability to transition?
visual schedule
keep Zane in one classroom
give Zane his favorite toy once he transitions
provide Zane with a one-on-one aide
Which criteria are necessary for students to qualify for special education under the category of autism?
deficits in social communication, building social relationships, and cognitive disability
deficits in social interaction and communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors which adversely affect educational progress
deficits in social interaction and communication, cognitive disability, and restricted, repetitive behaviors which adversely affect educational progress
deficits in social interaction and communication which adversely affect educational progress
In most states, children in which age range are served under the category of developmental delay
three to nine years
birth to three years
birth to nine years
birth to twelve years
Which of the following would NOT be identified as an area of developmental delay?
reading skills
communication skills
motor skills
adaptive skills
Which is the most common inherited cause of an intellectual disability?
FAS
Down Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Muscular Dystrophy
Which is the most common cause of an intellectual disability?
FAS
Down Syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome
Muscular Dystrophy
Which strategy may be beneficial before beginning to teach laundry skills to a high school student with an intellectual disability?
functional behavior assessment
task analysis
script reading intervention
touch cues
Physical aggression and tantrums are examples of which of the following?
externalizing behaviors
internalizing behaviors
autism spectrum disorders
hyperactivity
Mr. Jones has a student in his class who has frequent outbursts, and he would like to intervene. What should his first step be?
set up a group contingency
set up a token economy
talk to the student each time the behavior occurs
determine the function of the behavior
Which of the following students would be least likely to qualify as a learner with multiple disabilities?
Jeff, a student with an intellectual disability who is living with cerebral palsy
Lyla, a student who is deaf and has autism
Shawn, a student who is deaf and blind
Nicole, a student with an orthopedic impairment who is blind
Mo is a student living with cerebral palsy and an intellectual disability. He uses a sip-and-puff switch with auditory scanning to speak with peers. What type of device is this?
voice output communication aid
auditory voice output device
speech-to-text
text-to-speech
For students with any type of disability, hearing MUST be evaluated how often?
only upon evaluation for special education
only as recommended by the doctor, following initial infant screenings
yearly
every 3 years
never
Which professional is most qualified to evaluate hearing loss?
DHH Special Education Teacher
School Nurse
Speech-Language Pathologist
Audiologist
Sign Language Interpreter
Which support is educationally necessary for all students who are hard of hearing?
educational interpreter
visual supports
assistive technology/sound amplification systems
sign language instruction
Which best describes the necessary requirements for a student to qualify for special education services under the category of orthopedic impairment?
motor impairment that requires environmental modifications for a student to have productive participation in school.
motor impairment that requires specially designed instruction for a student to have productive participation in school
motor impairment with cognitive or learning disabilities
motor impairment with emotional behavioral disability
Ali is a middle-school student who works on grade-level academics and has spastic cerebral palsy with paraplegia. She qualifies for special education supports under the category of orthopedic impairment. Which of the following supports is most likely necessary to help Ali in her middle school classroom(s).
specialized mobility and positioning equipment
specialized reading instruction
behavior intervention plan
orientation and mobility training
Mrs. Long wants to ensure that she is correctly adapting materials for her student who has a visual impairment. Which specialist is most qualified to provide reccomendations for modifying academic materials for students with visual impairments?
orientation and mobility specialist
school psychologist
board certified behavior analyst
teacher of the visually impaired
What is the primary reason that social skills are difficult to master for some students with visual impairments?
inability to observe and imitate behavior
difficulty discriminating tone of voice
sensory overstimulation
avoidance of social contact (either intentionally by the student or by others the student comes in contact with)
Which of the following is the genetic disorder which most often causes deaf-blindness?
usher syndrome
fragile X syndrome
FAS
retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
Mrs. Jackson is setting up her classroom, which will include a student who is deaf-blind. Which of the following supports might best benefit the needs of her student?
a safe desk where the student can sit without being bumped by peers
light covers to minimize visual stimuli
tactile landmarks for important areas in the classroom
a classroom set-up that can be easily moved to encourage flexible arrangements.
What is the term for the period immediately following loss of consciousness due to trauma to the brain, when a person may act bizarrely and have little-to-no ongoing memory?
post-traumatic amnesia
post-traumatic stress disorder
traumatic brain injury
coma
Stephen is a student with a traumatic brain injury as a result of a car accident. Since the accident, Stephen frequently has emotional outbursts in class when he is frustrated with difficult work. His teacher would like to implement a BIP to help decrease Stephen's emotional outbursts. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to help modify Stephen's behavior?
direct instruction for Stephen on calming strategies, such as deep-breathing methods
requiring Stephen to leave the classroom if he has an emotional outburst
allowing Stephen time with a preferred reinforcer for class periods when no outbursts occur
breaking activities into smaller chunks
John is a fourth grade student who receives special education services under the IDEA category of intellectual disability. Based on. previous assessments, John has an IQ of about 60. Which of the follow does John have?
Mild intellectual disability
Moderate intellectual disability
Severe intellectual disability
Profound intellectual disability
Mr. Conner is a tenth grade health and physical education teacher at Madison High and is preparing for the upcoming school year. A week before the school year begins, John notices one of the students in his 6th period physical education class has an intellectual disability. Mr. Conner used the school's online software to pull up a copy of the students Individualized Education Program and noticed the student had an IQ of 45. This student in Mr. Conner's class has a
mild intellectual disability
moderate intellectual disability
severe intellectual disability
profound intellectual disability
Bella has an IQ of 14 and receives special education services under the IDEA category of intellectual disability. Bella has a
mild intellectual disability
moderate intellectual disability
profound intellectual disability
severe intellectual disability
Kari has an IQ of 27 and receives special education services under the IDEA category of intellectual disability. Bella has a
mild intellectual disability
moderate intellectual disability
profound intellectual disability
severe intellectual disability
Research suggests that these students with _______________ are more likely to be disliked by their peers than are students with any other kind of disorder
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
autism spectrum disorder
intellectual disabilities
emotional/behavioral disorders
specific learning disabilities
The co-occurance of two or more conditions in the same individual
comorbidity
malidies
sequellaes
twice diagnosis
TRUE OR FALSE
A child's temperament is a cultural condition which may predispose them to the development of an emotional behavior disorder.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
All children are born with a biologically determined behavioral style or temperament.
TRUE
FALSE
The most common type of EBD is
conduct disorder
oppositional defiance disorder (ODD)
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
bipolar disorder
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Children with schizophrenia make up a
large portion of children with EBD.
small portion of children with EBD.
very small portion of children with EBD.
very large portion of children with EBD.
The average student with an EBD has an IQ
in dull-normal range (around 90) and relatively few score above the bright-normal range.
just above categorization for an intellectual disability (around 75) and very few score above the bright-normal range.
average with typical students (around 100) and very few fall below 90.
greater than that of typically developing students (about 115) and very few have an IQ below 100.
TRUE OR FALSE
Students' needs for appropriate education and safety take priority over placement in a less restrictive environment.
TRUE
FALSE
Most speech sounds have energy in the
500- to 2,000-Hz range
250- to 1500-Hz range
500- to 4,000-Hz range
250- to 2,500- range
A(n) __________ condition may be very serious or severe, but it either resolves on its own or with treatment (which may include hospitalization or medication) and the person recovers.
acute
chronic
episodic
progressive
A(n) __________ condition is ongoing and occurs or reoccurs over a long period of time; it usually does not resolve, even with the best of treatment.
acute
chronic
episodic
progressive
A(n) __________ condition is occurs repeatedly, although most of the time the individual can function quite normally. Its occurrence is limited primarily to successive episodes. The episodes do not necessarily become more serious or severe over time.
acute
chronic
episodic
progressive
A(n) __________ condition is one that becomes more and more serious or severe over time, usually involving more and more complications or deterioration.
acute
chronic
episodic
progressive
