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WorksheetsTest 7: DNA and RNA
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 22mins
Griffith ran an experiment. Mice injected just with harmless bacteria survived, and mice injected with dead harmful bacteria survived. But, mice injected with a mix of living harmless bacteria and dead harmful bacteria died. What did Griffith's experiment prove?
that bacteria cannot undergo transformation
that something passed from the dead bacteria to the living ones to make the living ones harmful
that DNA is the macromolecule that holds genetic information
genes must have a chemical nature
that proteins are the source of genetic material
Avery did a follow-up experiment to Griffith's results. He made 4 samples of the mixture of living harmless bacteria and dead harmful bacteria. He then used enzymes to destroy all but one of the types of macromolecules in each sample. His experiment discovered that...
bacterial transformation occurred in all but sample where DNA was destroyed
RNA is the source of genetic material
DNA must be the source of genetic material
proteins play a role in bacterial transformation
DNA polymerase plays a role in bacterial transformation
How did the Hershey-Chase experiment distinguish between radioactive DNA and radioactive protein?
by using RNA polymerase to identify the DNA
by using enzymes that selectively destroyed each type of macromolecule
by looking at the difference in molecular shape
by tagging DNA with radioactive hydrogen, and protein with radioactive oxygen
by tagging DNA with radioactive phosphorus, and protein with radioactive sulfur
Bacteriophages reproduce by injecting their genetic material into a host cell. The Hershey-Chase experiment allowed bacteriophages to do this, and then analyzed the contents of the host cells. The results showed...
radioactive sulfur inside the host cells, but no radioactive phosphorus
radioactive phosphorus inside the host cells, but no radioactive sulfur
that DNA stores genetic information
that proteins store genetic information
that DNA is not enclosed by a nucleus in eukaryotic cells
What are the monomers of DNA?
nitrogenous bases
lipids
monosaccharides
amino acids
nucleotides
What is a nucleotide made up of?
an amino acid, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
a sugar, a phosphate group, and a lipid base
a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
"rungs" of nitrogenous bases
chains of amino acids that form the rungs of the nitrogenous bases
What forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?
the nucleotides
the amino acids
the nitrogenous bases
the sugar and phosphate groups
the phosphate lipids
What forms the rungs of the DNA molecule?
2 nitrogenous bases bonded together
1 nitrogenous base
4 nitrogenous bases bonded together
the nucleotides
the amino acid group of the nitrogenous base
What type of bond forms between complementary base pairs in DNA to hold the 2 strands of a DNA molecule together?
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
van der Waals forces
london dispersion forces
Why are the 2 strands of a DNA molecule held together by weaker hydrogen bonds, and not by strong covalent or ionic bonds?
because DNA needs to be unstable in order for beneficial mutations to happen
in order for the 2 strands to separate when DNA is being replicated and transcribed
so that DNA can be packed down into very compact chromosomes to fit in the nucleus
so that DNA can be split apart and taken outside of the nucleus to create proteins
so that tRNA can read segments of the DNA
What percent cytosine is in DNA sample 1?
16.5%
26.5%
22.5%
31.5%
18.5%
What percent of guanine is in DNA sample 3?
17%
66
33
24
30
Chargaff's rule states that...
Adenine always bonds to guanine, thymine always bonds to cytosine
Adenine always bonds to cytosine, guanine always bonds to thymine
Adenine always bonds to thymine, guanine always bonds to cytosine
sometimes, adenine will bond to cytosine, but usually it bonds to thymine
sometimes, guanine will bond to cytosine, but usually it bonds to thymine
What has to happen before a molecule of DNA is replicated?
the covalent bonds between the 2 strands are broken
the hydrogen bonds between the 2 strands are broken
RNA polymerase has to bind to the promoter
DNA polymerase builds a strand with complementary bases
the DNA must be removed from the nucleus
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
to check that the correct bases have been added to the new strand
to form the replication fork
to identify the sequence to be duplicated (like a promoter)
to build a DNA strand with complementary bases to the template strand
to separate the double stranded DNA into single strands
Why is DNA replication semi-conservative?
because no mutations happen during this process
because each new molecule of DNA has 1 strand from the old molecule and one new strand
because each new molecule of DNA has either 2 new strands or 2 old strands of DNA
because it happens slowly
because it happens fast
How is RNA different from DNA?
(a)
What is the purpose of transcription?
to turn instructions in the DNA into mRNA
to use the instructions in mRNA to make a protein
to turn instructions in the DNA into tRNA
to build proteins out of a log chain of nucleotide acids
it serves as the first step in duplicating the DNA
What is the purpose of translation?
to turn instructions in the DNA into mRNA
to use the instructions in mRNA to make a protein
to turn instructions in the DNA into tRNA
to build proteins out of a log chain of nucleotide acids
it serves as the second step in duplicating the DNA
Where does transcription happen?
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
at a ribosome
in the mitochondria
at the cell membrane
Where does translation happen?
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
at a ribosome
in the mitochondria
at the cell membrane
What is the first step in the process of transcription?
the promoter splits the DNA molecule into 2 strands
the exons are removed from the final mRNA molecule
the introns are removed from the final mRNA molecule
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and splits the DNA strands
RNA polymerase reads the template strand of DNA and creates the complementary mRNA strand
What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
it uses the mRNA strand to build the corresponding sequence of nucleotides
it removes the exons from the final mRNA molecule
it removes the introns from the final mRNA molecule
it uses the mRNA strand to build the corresponding sequence of amino acids
it reads the template strand of DNA and creates the complementary mRNA strand
What has to happen after transcription before the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus?
the mRNA strand builds the corresponding sequence of nucleotides
the exons are removed from the final mRNA molecule
the introns are removed from the final mRNA molecule
the mRNA strand is used to build the corresponding sequence of amino acids
the template strand of DNA creates the complementary mRNA strand
After the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus, it binds to...
a nucleosome
a protosome
a ribosome
a lysosome
the endoplasmic reticulum
What reads the mRNA codons and attaches the corresponding amino acid to the growing polypeptide in translation?
the RNA polymerase
the amino acid sequencers
the mRNA reader codons
the tRNA anticodons
the rRNA in the ribosome
What is at the beginning of a gene sequence in DNA that allows RNA polymerase to find a gene?
the start codon
the end codon
the promoter
the start sequence
the enhancer
UAG codes for...
stop
methionine
lysine
asparagine
tyrosine
AGU codes for...
serine
arginine
lysine
asparagine
threonine
GGG codes for...
valine
alanine
aspartic acid
glycine
glutamic acid
RNA polymerase uses a DNA template strand with the sequence ATTGCACCG. The mRNA sequence will be...
ATTGCACCG
AUUGCACCG
UAACGUGGC
UAACGUCCG
UAACGUCGC
The difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication is...
(a)
What process does this picture show?
DNA replication
transcription
translation
protein synthesis
creation of a replication fork
What process does this picture show?
DNA replication
transcription
translation
protein synthesis
creation of a replication fork
What process does this picture show?
DNA replication
transcription
translation
protein synthesis
creation of a replication fork
What kind of mutation is shown here?
silent point mutation
missense point mutation
nonsense point mutation
insertion frameshift mutation
deletion frameshift mutation
What kind of mutation is shown here?
silent point mutation
missense point mutation
nonsense point mutation
insertion frameshift mutation
deletion frameshift mutation
What kind of mutation is shown here?
silent point mutation
missense point mutation
nonsense point mutation
insertion frameshift mutation
deletion frameshift mutation
What kind of mutation is shown here?
silent point mutation
missense point mutation
nonsense point mutation
insertion frameshift mutation
deletion frameshift mutation
What kind of mutation is shown here?
silent point mutation
missense point mutation
nonsense point mutation
insertion frameshift mutation
deletion frameshift mutation
