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WorksheetsSpring ACP Review #2
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
During the nineteenth century, several European powers pursued a policy of imperialism in Africa and Asia. What was one important effect of European imperialism in Africa?
African natural resources were exploited by colonial powers.
Working conditions for the majority of people of Africa improved.
The African economy became dependent on the export of manufactured goods.
Europeans recognized the superiority of African culture.
Which factor created favorable conditions for the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain?
A low rural population in central England
The presence of large oil reserves in the North Sea
Large deposits of iron and coal in England
An abundance of grain and livestock in southern Scotland
A key principle of the system of free enterprise is the —
production of war materials by governments
organization of workers into unions
government ownership of most property
private ownership of businesses
These documents are similar in that each established a system in which —
an individual was granted freedom from taxation
rulers were responsible to the people they governed
the lawmaking process was controlled by religious leaders
the power of the leader of government came directly from God
The writings of Baron Charles de Montesquieu exercised great influence on the framers of the U.S. Constitution. Which idea of Montesquieu’s was most influential?
The powers of government must be placed in separate branches to serve as a
check against tyranny.
A government should express the general will of the people it governs.
Citizens have a right and duty to challenge the actions of a tyrannical king.
A government must work to protect its citizens’ natural rights, including their right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Which individual successfully fought to end the slave trade?
John Locke
Napoleon Bonaparte
William Wilberforce
Woodrow Wilson
• American Revolution (1775–1783)
• French Revolution (1789–1799)
• Greek Independence Movement (1822–1830)
• Independence Movements of Latin America (1810–1825)
• Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, and Poland
• Revolutions of 1848 in France, Italy, Germany, and Hungary
Which common ideal was shared by all of these revolutions?
nationalism
popular sovereignty
industrialization
separation of powers
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal...” — The Declaration of Independence (1776)
“No State shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” — Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, Section 1
“All [people] are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law.” — Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 7, (1948)
Which of the following exercised the most influence on the central idea of these
documents?
the Judeo-Christian legal tradition
the sayings of Mohammed in the Quran
the absolutist doctrine of the “divine right of kings”
the communist theory of class struggle
On August 15, 1805, the young Simón Bolívar swore this oath in Rome before two friends: “I swear before you; I swear on the God of my parents; I swear on them; I swear on my honor and I swear on my country that I shall not give rest to my body or soul until I have broken the chains with which Spanish power oppresses us.”
In this oath, the South American leader Simón Bolívar most clearly resembles the —
North American colonists challenging British rule
French bourgeoisie challenging hereditary privilege
Russian people resisting Napoleon’s invasion
British merchants opposing the slave trade
• New factory machines increased textile manufacturing.
• Steamboats made upstream travel possible.
These developments contributed most directly to the —
Renaissance
Reformation
Columbian Exchange
Industrial Revolution
Which statement best identifies an impact of European imperialism on Africa?
Borders between European colonies preserved existing tribal boundaries.
Timbuktu emerged as Africa’s primary center of learning.
European nations exploited Africa’s natural resources for their own benefit.
African lands were redistributed among local tribes.
Which best completes the diagram?
Use of slavery as a labor force
Birth of Marx’s theory of communism
Decline of feudalism
Outbreak of the French Revolution
Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous [use] for
whatever capital he can command. It is his own advantage, and not that of the society
which he has in view. But the study of his own advantage naturally, or rather necessarily,
leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to society. He intends
only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to
promote an end which was not part of his intention.
— Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature & Causes of the Wealth of Nations
In this excerpt, Adam Smith shows —
how the emergence of overseas markets contributed to the Commercial
Revolution
why governments should avoid placing restrictions on overseas trade
how an entrepreneur unintentionally acts to benefit all of society
the proper role of the central government in the manufacturing process
Marie Curie and Louis Pasteur are best known for their contributions to —
education
science
information technology
government administration
The Industrial Revolution lacked formal barriers to gaining wealth. Capitalists came from diverse backgrounds. Anyone with sufficient capital could become a capitalist. How did this lead to political change in industrialized societies?
Wealthy middle classes demanded more political power from the traditional ruling
classes.
Voters in rural areas demanded as many representatives as city-dwellers.
Capitalists demanded a single, all-powerful ruler to provide greater economic
stability.
The rising middle classes rejected nationalism in favor of international free trade.
The value of the industrial mission depends on the nature of the tribes. Even the less
advanced, more primitive tribes may benefit, if not only mechanical and artisan work, such
as the carpenter’s or blacksmith’s craft, but also the simpler techniques of agriculture are
taught. The sinking of wells, the system of irrigation, the introduction and planting of useful
trees, the use of domestic animals for agricultural purposes — all of these will render native land more productive.
— adapted from F.D. Lugard, The Rise of Our East African Empire (1893)
How does this author justify European imperialism in Africa?
European missionaries converted African tribes to Christianity.
European statesmen needed to preserve the balance of power.
European imperialists brought new technologies to Africa.
Europeans brought advanced manufacturing to Africa but neglected farming.
An absolute monarchy and a totalitarian government are similar in that both forms of government —
have a ruler with unrestricted power over the community
have a ruler bound by a written constitution
have legislative representatives chosen by the people
allow citizens to decide issues directly by voting
Owing to the extensive use of machinery and to the division of labor, the work of the proletarians has lost all individual character, and consequently, all charm for the workman. — Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848)
In this passage, Marx and Engels argue that —
the new system of industrial capitalism is better for workers than prior economic
systems
the Industrial Revolution has made manufacturing jobs more monotonous,
repetitious, and boring
the new class of industrial proletarians has benefited from the introduction of
factory machinery
in the future, factory work is likely to become less burdensome and more
interesting than at present
Which best completes the chart?
Governments adopted central planning for their new industrial economies.
Government leaders abolished private ownership of property.
Rising middle classes demanded greater power in government.
Factory workers obtained equality with capitalists.
Which best completes the table above?
French nobles manage to preserve their privileges.
Louis XVI successfully dissolves the Estates General.
Austria declares war on France.
Representatives of the Third Estate form the National Assembly.
American and French revolutionaries both rejected the rule of a monarch and attempted to
establish governments founded on the Enlightenment principles of liberty and equality. In
the United States, this resulted in a representative democracy based on the Constitution
and the Bill of Rights.
1799, how did the outcome in France differ from the outcome in the United States?
French supporters of absolutism installed a new king who ruled by divine right.
Unstable leadership in France allowed a military dictator to seize power.
A weak central authority in France allowed provinces to form independent
republics.
French Jacobins formed a republican government in which the heads of state had
only limited powers.
Adam Smith describes his theory of the “invisible hand” of market forces in The Wealth of Nations. According to him, which situation best allows the invisible hand to function?
A government adopts laissez-faire policies that allow businesses to operate freely.
A ruler collectivizes industries to gain control of a country’s production.
A nation subsidizes corporations to promote industrialization.
A national leader seizes the means of production from private owners.
What did these four revolutions have in common?
Ordinary people actively participated in overthrowing their government.
Each revolution occurred in the aftermath of a foreign invasion.
The lives of ordinary people were largely unaffected.
Each revolution failed at achieving permanent political change.
Which problem was shared by both American and French revolutionary leaders?
the opposition of the Catholic Church
significant domestic opposition
lack of local resources
lack of leadership
A primary reason European languages are spoken in Africa today is that —
African and European alliances were formed during World War I
European territories in Africa were redistributed at the Congress of Vienna
British forces won the Boer War against the Dutch and Afrikaners
European explorers and merchants established colonies throughout the continent
