failing to notice changes in the environment. Ex. The bearded man not noticing that the man giving directions was replaced by someone else after the board passed by.

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain.

the wave’s height. It is measured from the peak of the wave to the trough of the wave. Amplitude measures the intensity of the wave. In light it determines the brightness of the color and in sound it determines the volume.

retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina that detect colors and details and that function in the daylight or in well-lit conditions. The human eye has around 6 million cones.

a condition in which nearby objects are seen clearly but distant objects are blurred because light rays reflecting from them converge in front of the retina.

hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system, such as the three bones, that conducts sound waves to the cochlea. A hearing aid may help amplify sounds for someone who has conduction hearing loss.

a perceptual phenomenon which demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. This effect may be experienced when a video of one phoneme's production is dubbed with a sound-recording of a different phoneme being spoken. Often, the perceived phoneme is a third, intermediate phoneme.

the sense of smell.

structures on the tongue in which the taste buds are located.

according to Sigmund Freud, it’s a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, it’s information processing of which we are unaware. *This is different than being knocked unconscious.

cycles that occur in our bodies on a yearly basis, such as SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder – becoming depressed during the winter), or birds flying south for the winter and bears hibernating.

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. These attacks are usually caused by excitement. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories.

the diminishing effect of a drug after repeated use that requires the user to take larger and larger does before experiencing the drug’s effect.

psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

discovered REM sleep when he hooked his son up to an EEG

a philosophical belief that the mind and body are distinct entities; the mind non-physical, the body physical.

a periodic, natural loss of consciousness. Throughout the night, the body experiences many sleep cycles, each one lasting around 90 minutes. Each cycle has 5 stages (1, 2, 3, 4, REM)

a neurotransmitter that causes drowsiness and the slowing of nerve cells. Caffeine is an antagonist that blocks the transmission of adenosine keeping us awake.