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Unit 5 Cognition Psych MEGA review

Total questions: 500

Worksheet time: 6hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):
a)
Prototype
b)
Concept
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
2.
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:
a)
Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
b)
Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
c)
Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
d)
Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs
3.
Airline reservations typically decline after a highly publicized airplane crash because people overestimate the incidence of such disasters. In such instances, people’s decisions are being influenced by:
a)
Belief bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
The representativeness heuristic
d)
Functional fixedness
4.
96% of people fall within 30 points of what IQ score?
a)
80
b)
90
c)
100
d)
110
5.
A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying
a)
Computational learning
b)
Paired-associate learning
c)
Hypothetical thinking
d)
Divergent thinking
6.
Which of the following types of tests is designed to measure an individual’s knowledge of a subject?
a)
Achievement
b)
Attitude
c)
Aptitude
d)
Projective
7.
On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any lines or hooks. Ed’s failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of
a)
Cognitive accommodation
b)
Backward masking
c)
Functional fixedness
d)
Proactive interference
8.
A person with lower than average intelligence who has an amazing, unusual mental skill is known as a
a)
genius
b)
savant
c)
prodigy
d)
freak
9.
Validity means that 
a)
a test measures what it is supposed to measure
b)
that a test has been tested on many subjects
c)
a test measures both aptitude and acheivement
d)
scores are the same no matter who grades the test
10.
The most commonly used individual intelligence test is 
a)
ASVAB
b)
Stanford-Binet
c)
Jensen culture free assessment
d)
Wechsler Intelligence Scales
11.
The formula for IQ is 
a)
actual age x grade / 100
b)
mental age x actual age
c)
mental age / actual age  x 100
d)
actual age / mental age  x 100
12.
This persons was the first to investigate intelligence to determine a person's mental age
a)
Lewis Terman
b)
Alfred Binet
c)
Charles Spearman
d)
B.F. Skinner⋰
13.
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is
a)
a standardized test.
b)
an aptitude test.
c)
an intelligence test.
d)
an achievement test.
14.
If a test is reliable, it means that
a)
it is given in the same way every time.
b)
it tests what it is suppose to test.
c)
it is a fair assessment.
d)
it yields consistent results.
15.
The standardization sample is
a)
the group of people who take the test.
b)
a random sample o fthe test takers used to evaluate the performance of others.
c)
the people used to represent the population for whom the test was intended.
d)
all the people who might ever take the test.
16.
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
a)
practical
b)
musical
c)
interpersonal
d)
spatial
17.
Mrs. Cho is careful to make sure that she fairly represents the whole year's work on the final exam for her American literature class. If Mrs. Cho achieves this goal, her test will have
a)
test-retest reliability.
b)
construct validity.
c)
content validity.
d)
split-half reliability.
18.
Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as
a)
Spatial Intelligence
b)
Introverted Intelligence
c)
General Intelligence
d)
Extroverted Intelligence
19.
Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence for the idea that intelligence is highly heritable?
a)
The IQ scores of parents are positively correlated with the scores of their children
b)
Monozygotic twins separated at birth have extremely similar IQ scores
c)
Dizgotic twins score more similarly on IQ tests than do other sibilings
d)
Different ethnic groups have different average IQ scores
20.
eyewitness testimony
a)
Elizabeth Loftus
b)
Diana Baumrind
c)
Stanley Milgram
d)
James Lange
21.
If you watch a sequel to movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing...
a)
Repressive Memories
b)
Proactive Interference
c)
Retroactive Interference
d)
Memory Decay
22.
Which of the following has a tendency to be the hardest way to learn something?
a)
When positive transfer occurs.
b)
Using shallow processing.
c)
Using elaborative rehearsal
d)
Using deep processing.
23.
Remembering how to perform actions is an example of:
a)
Episodic memory
b)
Procedural memory
c)
Semantic memory
d)
Declarative memory
24.
During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of
a)
automatic processing.
b)
priming.
c)
the serial position effect.
d)
the spacing effect.
25.
“The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.
a)
short-term
b)
explicit
c)
implicit
d)
sensory
26.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
a)
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
b)
avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
c)
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
d)
involve greater reliance on language skills.
27.
The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different
a)
prototypes.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
28.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)
a)
prototype.
b)
morpheme.
c)
syntax.
d)
algorithm.
29.
Chomsky suggested that as a child first begins hearing language, appropriate settings or standards regarding the rules of that language are activated in the child's
a)
category hierarchy.
b)
linguistic prototype.
c)
linguistic prototype.
d)
language acquisition device.
30.
According to the serial position effect, you will remember more: 
a)
items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.
b)
nitems in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.
c)
vocabulary words if you process them visually.
d)
nvocabulary words if you process them acoustically.
31.
You are used to driving a car with a standard shift.  Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission.  As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift.  This tendency is most likely due to: 
a)
nretroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
motivated forgetting.
d)
encoding failure.
32.
We have all had the experience of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.  We are asked to remember someone’s name.  We are certain that we know the name and feel as if we are just about to remember it, yet it remains elusive.  What type of forgetting might be at work here?
a)
encoding failure
b)
retroactive interference
c)
retrieval failure
d)
motivated forgetting
33.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
34.
Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"? 
a)
B. F. Skinner
b)
Benjamin Lee Whorf
c)
Noam Chomsky
d)
Hermann Ebbinghaus
35.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
36.
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s classic three-stage model of memory includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
a)
short-term memory
b)
long-term memory
c)
flashbulb memory
d)
sensory memory
37.
If higher scores on the ACT are found to correlate with higher GPAs the first year of college, the ACT can be said to have:
a)
Content validity
b)
Split-half reliability
c)
Predictive validity
d)
Construct validity
38.
This type of standardized test compares a person's performance to a pre-defined set of standards and is designed to determine if a person has achieved specific skills or mastered certain knowledge (ex: AP exams)
a)
Norm-referenced test
b)
Criterion-referenced test
c)
Aptitude test
d)
Construct-referenced test
39.
A test that measures a person's mastery and knowledge of a subject or various subjects is a(n)
a)
Achievement test
b)
Aptitude test
c)
Intelligence test
d)
Personality test
40.

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to

a)

have content validity.

b)

be reliable.

c)

have a normal distribution.

d)

have predictive validity.

41.
When intelligence scores are graphed, they should create
a)
an increasing slope
b)
a normal bell curve
c)
an equilateral figure
d)
a negative correlation 
42.

The process of getting information from the Short-term memory to the Long term memory is

a)

primacy effect

b)

visual memory

c)

sensory memory

d)

retrieval

43.

What is Whorf hypothesis

a)

refers to the proposal that the language one speaks influences the way one thinks about reality.

b)

thought influences language

44.

Memory of facts and concepts

a)

Semantic Memory

b)

Implicit Memory

c)

Explicit Memory

d)

Episodic Memory

45.

Attach meaning to info through “deep processing” to remember

a)

Semantic Rehearsal

b)

Elaborative Rehearsal

c)

Maintenance Rehearsal

d)

Acoustic Retrieval

46.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
47.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
48.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a)
People underestimate the accuracy of their judgments.
b)
People pay closest attention to information that disconfirms what they believe.
c)
It is difficult for most people to explain away their failures.
d)
People are overconfident about how they will perform on various tasks.
49.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
50.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
51.
In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.”  This best illustrates the importance of:
a)
syntax.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
52.
Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates: 
a)
telegraphic speech.
b)
linguistic determinism.
c)
functional fixedness.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
53.
Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"? 
a)
B. F. Skinner
b)
Benjamin Lee Whorf
c)
Noam Chomsky
d)
Hermann Ebbinghaus
54.
Which of the following is NOT included as part of today’s general definition of intelligence?
a)
the ability to solve problems
b)
nthe ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations
c)
the ability to understand people and emotions
d)
the ability to learn from experience
55.
Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?
a)
availability heuristic
b)
insight
c)
prototype confusion
d)
confirmation bias
56.
A typical one-year-old child:
a)
uses telegraphic speech.
b)
imitates two-word phases.
c)
is in the cooing stage.
d)
has lost the ability to discriminate phoneme sounds outside her native language.
57.
Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition holds that people have an inborn universal grammar that makes learning of language easy for children.  Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory?
a)
Children repeat words that they hear frequently.
b)
Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language.
c)
Chimpanzees and other apes can easily learn language.
d)
Some children’s vocabularies are extensive, despite the fact that they may live in poor environments
58.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
59.
Which of the following memories happen with conscious awareness?
a)
Implicit Memories
b)
Episodic Memories
c)
Procedural Memories
d)
Repressive Memories
60.
Memory decay is fastest for which type of memory?
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Short Term Memory
c)
Working Memory
d)
Long Term Memory
61.
What is the worst way to form long term memories?
a)
Having a strong emotional experience to a memory.
b)
Spaced Practice
c)
Elaborative Rehearsal
d)
Mass Practice
62.
Elizabeth Loftus did work related to 
a)
accurate memories being found during hypnosis
b)
Constructive memory processing
c)
Finding memory traces or engrams.
d)
Holding 7 bits of information in STM (+ or - 2)
63.
Which of the following has limited storage capacity?
a)
Short Term Memory
b)
Long Term Memory
c)
Sensory Memory
64.
Which of the following is not related to forgetting?
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Repression
c)
Decay
d)
Long term potentiation
65.
This memory happens when you hear a song and it takes you back to 3rd grade and you start remembering a series of events
a)
Flashbulb
b)
Episodic
c)
Procedural
d)
Redintegrative
66.
If you watch a sequel to movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing...
a)
Repressive Memories
b)
Proactive Interference
c)
Retroactive Interference
d)
Memory Decay
67.
If you learn French and begin to learn Spanish and are picking it up easy because the words look very similar to your French terms, you are experiencing
a)
Proactive Interference
b)
Retroactive Interference
c)
Positive Transfer
d)
Negative Transfer
68.
According to _________ theory, you are likely to form memories that mirror your emotional state.
a)
Mood congruent
b)
Mood dependent
c)
episodic memory
d)
priming
69.
According to _________ theory, you not consciously aware of how external stimuli have shaped your behavioral responses.  
a)
Constructive memory
b)
repressive memory
c)
episodic memory
d)
priming
70.
If distractors are strong, Recognition is superior to recall.
a)
True
b)
False
71.
Which of the following has a tendency to be the hardest way to learn something?
a)
When positive transfer occurs.
b)
Using shallow processing.
c)
Using elaborative rehearsal
d)
Using deep processing.
72.
Which brain part is responsible for facilitating explicit memories?
a)
brain stem
b)
cerebellum
c)
amygdala
d)
hippocampus
73.
Someone with strong eidetic memory would have an edge to become a(n)
a)
athlete
b)
artist
c)
music teacher
d)
poet
74.
Using the Atkinson Shriffin memory model, which process forms a LTM from STM
a)
selective attention
b)
recalling
c)
storage
d)
encoding
75.
To gain accurate eyewitness testimony from children, interviewers must
a)
be sensitive to repressed memories.   
b)
provide details to the child before the interview
c)
use neutral words that children can understand.
d)
employ leading questions to prompt a response
76.
The rules of grammar are rules of
a)
Phonemes
b)
Morphemes
c)
Syntax
d)
Semantics
77.
Grammar
a)
the system of rules for acceptable language
b)
the smallest units of sound that carry meaning
c)
the system of rules for putting words in order
d)
the system of using words to create meaning
78.
When our child first says dada, dada, dada or mama, mama, mama. Rather than associating meaning with that combination of consonants and vowels, at first baby Fritz will be:
a)
Cooing
b)
Doodling
c)
Booing
d)
Babbling
79.
______ is an example of a concept that best exemplifies the characteristics of that concept.
a)
prototype
b)
concept
c)
syntax
d)
thinking
80.
What are morphemes?
a)
Two or more words
b)
Smallest meaningful units
c)
Composed of many words (infinite)
d)
Basic Sounds
81.
What are phonemes?
a)
Two or more words
b)
Smallest meaningful units
c)
Composed of many words (infinite)
d)
Basic Sounds
82.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
83.
Trying to find people that agree with you that cheddar is the best type of cheese and ignoring those who disagree represents...
a)
Intuition
b)
Confirmation Bias
c)
Mental Set
d)
Overconfidence
84.
When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?
a)
Intuition insight 
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Belief perserverance
d)
Availability heurisitic
85.
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.
a)
availability heuristics
b)
representative heuristics
c)
concepts
d)
functional fixedness
86.
The Hopi tribe has no past tense in their language.  As a result, they don't dwell on the past like English speakers do.  This shows
a)
telegraphic speech
b)
linguistic determinism
c)
apasia
d)
perceptual set in language
87.

The weatherman in Idaho says there is a 20% chance it will rain & u get ur umbrella. The weatherman in Wyoming says it's and 80% chance of sun & u get ur sunglasses.

a)

This exemplifies prototypes

b)

This demonstrates your concept for weather

c)

This is an example of mental set

d)

This is a demonstration of framing

88.

What higher-order knowledge includes information about factors that influence learning and memory and resources needed to complete tasks?

a)

Declarative

b)

Rote

c)

Kinesthetic

d)

Procedural

89.

Which of the following terms best represents the ability to produce ideas which are both novel and valuable?

a)

convergence

b)

creativity

c)

algorithm

d)

representative heuristic

e)

availability heuristic

90.

Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?

a)

Divergent Thinking

b)

Convergent Thinking

c)

Intrinsic Motivation

d)

Availability Heuristic

e)

Representative Heuristic

91.

Which type of problem solving technique is methodical, logical, and will always lead to a correct answer if there is one?

a)

Heuristic

b)

Insight

c)

Algorithm

d)

Convergent Thinking

e)

Divergent Thinking

92.

What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?

a)

Confirmation Bias

b)

Overconfidence

c)

Intuition

d)

Insight

e)

Algorithm

93.

Which theory says that if a child does not learn a language of any kind by the age of 7, they will never be able to master a language?

a)

Insight

b)

Intuition

c)

Phoneme

d)

Morpheme

e)

Critical Periods

94.

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

a)

fixation.

b)

the representativeness heuristic.

c)

belief perseverance.

d)

the availability heuristic.

e)

the framing effect.

95.

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of

a)

syntax.

b)

semantics.

c)

morphemes.

d)

prototypes.

e)

linguistic determinism.

96.
A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):
a)
Prototype
b)
Concept
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
97.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
98.
Grammar
a)
the system of rules for acceptable language
b)
the smallest units of sound that carry meaning
c)
the system of rules for putting words in order
d)
the system of using words to create meaning
99.
Memory decay is fastest for which type of memory?
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Short Term Memory
c)
Working Memory
d)
Long Term Memory
100.
What is the worst way to form long term memories?
a)
Having a strong emotional experience to a memory.
b)
Spaced Practice
c)
Elaborative Rehearsal
d)
Mass Practice
101.
______ is an example of a concept that best exemplifies the characteristics of that concept.
a)
prototype
b)
concept
c)
syntax
d)
thinking
102.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
103.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
104.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
105.
Holds about 7 items at a time
a)
Short-term memory
b)
Long-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
106.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
107.
The rules of language
a)
Grammer
b)
Morphemes
c)
Language acquistion
d)
Script
108.
Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
109.
What are morphemes?
a)
Two or more words
b)
Smallest meaningful units
c)
Composed of many words (infinite)
d)
Basic Sounds
110.
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
a)
repressed memories.
b)
sensory memories
c)
mood-congruent memories
d)
flashbulb memories
111.
The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory
a)
explicit   
b)
short-term   
c)
implicit   
d)
sensory
112.
Which of the following is not related to forgetting?
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Repression
c)
Decay
d)
Long term potentiation
113.
Which brain part is responsible for facilitating explicit memories?
a)
brain stem
b)
cerebellum
c)
amygdala
d)
hippocampus
114.
Not being able to remember an old phone number because you can only remember the new one is an example of:
a)
Proactive interference
b)
Primacy Effect
c)
Reteroactive interference
d)
Recency Effect
115.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
116.
When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?
a)
Intuition insight 
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Belief perserverance
d)
Availability heurisitic
117.
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.
a)
availability heuristics
b)
representative heuristics
c)
concepts
d)
functional fixedness
118.

The weatherman in Idaho says there is a 20% chance it will rain & u get ur umbrella. The weatherman in Wyoming says it's and 80% chance of sun & u get ur sunglasses.

a)

This exemplifies prototypes

b)

This demonstrates your concept for weather

c)

This is an example of mental set

d)

This is a demonstration of framing

119.

Which of the following terms best represents the ability to produce ideas which are both novel and valuable?

a)

convergence

b)

creativity

c)

algorithm

d)

representative heuristic

e)

availability heuristic

120.

Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?

a)

Divergent Thinking

b)

Convergent Thinking

c)

Intrinsic Motivation

d)

Availability Heuristic

e)

Representative Heuristic

121.

What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?

a)

Confirmation Bias

b)

Overconfidence

c)

Intuition

d)

Insight

e)

Algorithm

122.

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of

a)

syntax.

b)

semantics.

c)

morphemes.

d)

prototypes.

e)

linguistic determinism.

123.

This multiple choice question is an example of what kind of retrieval process?

a)

recall

b)

recognition

c)

reiteration

d)

relearning

124.

Memories that are implanted and we believe actually happen even though they did not are called

a)

Flash bulb memories

b)

Reconstructed memories

c)

Semantic memories

d)

False memories

125.

Phonemes and morphemes refer to

a)

elements of telegraphic speech

b)

basic elements of language

c)

basic elements of concepts

d)

memories stored in the LTM

126.

Your sensory memory is the quickest and is split into two parts, what you hear and what you see. These are called...

a)

Ego and Id

b)

visual-spatial

c)

echoic and iconic

d)

audio and myopic

127.

Someone who cannot encode new memories has...

a)

Anterograde amnesia

b)

Long-term potentiation

c)

Retroactive Interference

d)

Proactive Interference

128.

This theorist believed that the language we speak can change how we think. For instance, some languages have more words for "love" than English. Does this mean that they have a greater understanding of what love is?

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

129.

The last time Mark's computer froze he restarted it and it worked. The next time his computer froze the only solution he could think of is to restart it again.

a)

out of box thinking

b)

divergent thinking

c)

functional fixedness

d)

Mental set

130.

Trying to remember information by making information meaningful to you is which encoding process?

a)

self reference encoding

b)

chunking

c)

imagery

d)

mnemonic device

131.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
132.

The system that encodes, stores and retrieves information

a)

Chunking

b)

Memory

c)

Sensory experience

d)

Rehearsal

133.

A memory of something that was NOT consciously learned.

a)

Implicit memory

b)

Explicit memory

c)

Retroactive memory

d)

Declarative memory

134.

Denying and/or ignoring information that does not fit our opinions/beliefs.

a)

Confirmation bias

b)

Hindsight bias

c)

Anchoring bias

d)

Availability bias

135.

This researcher is best known for his curve of forgetting.

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

136.

On the following list, which would you remember based on the recency effect? 4,9,8,4,2,6,3,6,8,4,2,1,1,5,7

a)

4,9,8

b)

4,2,6

c)

3,6,8

d)

1,5,7

e)

6,3,6

137.

This theorist believed humans were born with the ability to acquire language, meaning children are predisposed to learning language.

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

138.

Elizabeth Loftus did work related to

a)

accurate memories being found during hypnosis

b)

repressed and false memories

c)

the forgetting curve.

d)

the capacity and duration of short term memory.

139.

According to _________ theory, you're not consciously aware of how external stimuli have shaped your behavioral responses.

a)

Constructive memory

b)

repressive memory

c)

episodic memory

d)

priming

140.

Remembering is facilitated when you are in a similar situation or environment as when you encoded it.

a)

Context Dependent Memory

b)

State Dependent Memory

c)

Elaborative Memory

d)

Long Term Memory

141.

Harriet became nervous and forgot the name of her boyfriend's sister. Her forgetting can best be explained by

a)

Context Dependent Memory

b)

State Dependent Memory

c)

Elaborative Rehearsal

d)

Long Term Memory

142.

Remembering how to perform behaviors, like typing on a keyboard, is an example of:

a)

Episodic memory

b)

Procedural memory

c)

Semantic memory

d)

Declarative memory

143.

To gain accurate eyewitness testimony from children, interviewers must

a)

be sensitive to repressed memories.

b)

provide details to the child before the interview

c)

use neutral words that don't influence their answers.

d)

employ leading questions to prompt a response

144.

Which specific area of the brain is important in recalling declarative memories?

a)

The hippocampus

b)

The cererbral cortex

c)

The prefrontal cortex

d)

The amygdala

145.

The basic memory process involves

a)

Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

b)

looking, listening, learning

c)

sensing, processing, remembering

d)

giving meaning to memories

146.

The information model of memory contains

a)

Visual stores, auditory stores and haptic stores

b)

structural, shallow and deep processing

c)

encoding, storing and remembering

d)

sensory, short-term and Long-term memory processes

147.

Donna easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning but she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

a)

The spacing effect

b)

Proactive interference

c)

Retroactive interference

d)

State-dependent memory

148.

Which of the following would be predicted by Ebbinghaus’ famous forgetting curve? Several years after learning the dates of important historical events for a college class, students:

a)

will remember most of the dates, and will remember them for years to come.

b)

will remember most of the dates, and will slowly start to forget them.

c)

will have forgotten most of the dates, but what they do remember, they’ll remember for years to come.

d)

will have forgotten most of the dates, but during the years to come, they will again remember what they initially forgot.

149.

Sam has been assigned to think of a solution for students who struggle with mental health at FHS. He can only think of one solution; sending them to the guidance counselors.

a)

convergent thinking

b)

divergent thinking

c)

out of box thinking

d)

insight

150.

Ben's good friend Jess decided to wait until the night before to study for the Cognitive Test. Ben, on the other hand, took the suggestion of Mr. Baxer and spaced out his review over 4 nights. Ben's strategy was

a)

Distributed practice

b)

Massed practice

c)

Cram practice

d)

Retroactive practice

151.

The skills needed to ride a bicycle are stored as

a)

implicit memories

b)

episodic memories

c)

explicit memories

d)

echoic memories

152.

Cognitive psychologist now believe that the "central executive" of the memory processes is

a)

Longterm memory

b)

Sensory memory

c)

Working memory

d)

Echoic memory

e)

Iconic memory

153.

Your ability to simultaneously process several stimuli at once is known as

a)

Dual processing

b)

Parallel processing

c)

Sensory integration

d)

Mnemonics

154.

Classically conditioned memories are stored in this part of the brain.

a)

Hippocampus

b)

Frontal cortex

c)

Basal ganglia

d)

Cerebellum

155.

The strengthening of synapses based on recurrent patterns of activity is known as

a)

linguistic determinism

b)

mood-congruent memory

c)

long-term potentiation

d)

deep processing

156.
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 memory tasks?
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
157.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
158.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
159.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
160.
Retention of encoded material over time.
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
161.
Location and recovery of info from memory
a)
Encoding
b)
Storage
c)
Rehearsal
d)
Retrieval
162.
Holds about 7 items at a time
a)
Short-term memory
b)
Long-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
163.
Information that is reviewed to keep it from fading.
a)
Chunking
b)
Maintenance Rehearsal
c)
Storage
d)
Retrieval
164.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
165.
Part of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.
a)
Declarative memory
b)
Acoustic memory
Elaborative memory
c)
Acoustic memory
d)
Procedural memory
166.
A memory of something that was NOT deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
167.
Memory of something that WAS deliberately learned.
a)
Implicit memory
b)
Explicit memory
c)
Retrieval cues
d)
Acoustic memory
168.
Inability to recall a word, while knowing that it is in your memory.
a)
Priming
b)
Recall
c)
TOT
d)
Recognition
169.
Forgetting caused by lapses in attention
a)
Blocking
b)
Transience
c)
Misattribution
d)
Absent-mindedness
170.
Techniques used to improve memory.
a)
Bias
b)
Persistence
c)
Mnemonic
d)
Transience
171.
The rules of language
a)
Grammer
b)
Morphemes
c)
Language acquistion
d)
Script
172.
A knowledge cluster 
a)
Script
b)
Schema
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
173.
A knowledge cluster about sequences of events.
a)
Script
b)
Schema
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
174.
Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
175.
A rule of thumb
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
176.
Inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose
a)
Mental set
b)
Functional Fixedness
c)
Bias
177.
Ignoring or finding fault with info that does not fit our opinions.
a)
Confirmation bias
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Anchoring bias
d)
Availability bias
178.
Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information
a)
Chunking
b)
Memory
c)
Sensory experience
d)
Rehearsal
179.
Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates:
a)
The representativeness heuristic
b)
The framing effect
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Belief perseverance
180.
After watching the evening news, Khloe believes the newscast contains only tragic events like floods, earthquakes, and murders. When asked to think carefully about the newscast, she did recall many other events. This is an example of:
a)
Representative heuristic
b)
Availability heuristic
c)
Functional fixedness
d)
Insight
181.
A prototype is best defined as
a)
An example of habituation
b)
An example of bottom-up processing
c)
The hypothetical “most typical” instance of a category
d)
An essential element of category membership
182.
The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from
a)
Anger directed toward the self and significant others
b)
An excess of certain neurotransmitters in the brain
c)
Maladaptive interpretations of life events
d)
Oral fixations from disturbed mother-infant relationships
183.
The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual’s mental age and his or her
a)
Stage of cognitive development
b)
Reading ability
c)
Chronological age
d)
Quantitative aptitude
184.
In a normal distribution of test scores, the percentage of scores that fall at or below the mean score is
a)
25
b)
50
c)
66.6
d)
95
185.
A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying
a)
Computational learning
b)
Paired-associate learning
c)
Hypothetical thinking
d)
Divergent thinking
186.
Which of the following types of tests is designed to measure an individual’s knowledge of a subject?
a)
Achievement
b)
Attitude
c)
Aptitude
d)
Projective
187.
 According to the Stanford-Binet formula for an intelligence quotient (IQ), the IQ of a ten-year-old child with mental age of eight and a half years old
a)
85
b)
95
c)
105
d)
115
188.
A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having
a)
Ranked 75th from the top in a group of 100 test takers
b)
Answered 75% of the test questions correctly
c)
Scored higher than 75% of the test takers
d)
Scored 75% higher than the average test taker
189.
The performance of the group on which an IQ test is standardized sets the
a)
Method of administration most suitable for the test
b)
Extent to which IQ is determined by environment
c)
Degree of validity of the IQ test
d)
Norms against which the performance of later test takers can be evaluated
190.
Metacognition refers to
a)
Amnesia
b)
Mental retardation
c)
Artificial intelligence
d)
Thinking about thinking
191.
A test that is labeled an achievement test is most likely to be given to
a)
Predict an individual’s ability to succeed in a particular job
b)
Allow a student to be exempted from a college course
c)
Assess the mental age of a gifted eight-year-old
d)
Investigate an individual’s cognitive style
192.
A normally functioning 65-year-old who cannot solve abstract logic puzzles are as quickly as he did when he was younger is experiencing a
a)
Phenomenon that is uncommon for people his age
b)
Phenomenon predicted by Erik Erikson as part of the eight stages of psychosocial development
c)
Decrease in his crystallized intelligence
d)
Decrease in his fluid intelligence
193.
Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion for evaluating the predictive validity of an intelligence test?
a)
Intelligence quotient
b)
Mental age
c)
Chronological age
d)
School grades
194.
A(n) ________ is an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or a quality.
a)
concept
b)
image
c)
heuristic
d)
rule
195.
An example of a concept that has most of the features of that concept is known as a(n) ________.
a)
algorithm
b)
prototype
c)
heuristic
d)
symbol
196.
As in the 'stuck truck' problem, people develop a(n) __________________, which is using the same strategy or pattern to solve similar problems. 
a)
functional fixedness
b)
mental set
c)
stuck thinking
d)
confirmation bias
197.
The test you took for AP US History does not produce consistent results, even when comparing students at the extreme ends of performance. This test is not:
a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
198.
I gave each of you a totally different intelligence test in a totally different manner. You should complain that the test is not:
a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
199.
For the intelligence quiz I considered having you do pushups, however this would not be a ____________ measure of your knowledge of intelligence.
a)
Valid
b)
Reliable
c)
Standardized
d)
Normal
200.
Which of the following best exemplifies crystallized intelligence:
a)
The ability to remember
b)
Knowledge gained from education
c)
Your potential to win a Nobel prize
d)
You were born with a brain
201.
Fluid intelligence can be expressed as being:
a)
Acquired facts
b)
From birth
c)
From experience
d)
From school
202.
_______________is responsible for the multiple intelligences theory (8 Intelligences).
a)
Robert Sternberg
b)
Stanford-Binet
c)
Matthew Tirey
d)
Howard Gardner
203.
Triarchic theory of intelligence is best associated with which theorist:
a)
Howard Gardner
b)
Robert Sternberg
c)
Stanford-Binet
d)
David Welshler
204.
_______________is responsible for the test that independently measures both verbal and performance abilities.
a)
David Wechsler
b)
Robert Sternberg
c)
Stanford-Binet
d)
Howard Gardner
205.
IQ is designed to measure:
a)
Practical intelligence
b)
Spatial intelligence
c)
Heinousness intelligence
d)
General intelligence
206.
G in intelligence stands for:
a)
Genious
b)
General
c)
Ginormous
d)
Grande
207.
Which of the following would be best associated with ‘Multiple ability’ intelligence testing:
a)
Intelligence Quotient
b)
Whitaker Standard
c)
Gardner’s Theory
d)
Emotional Intelligence
208.
Which of the following would be an example of a culturally biased question:
a)
In what region of the Unites States does Kentucky belong?
b)
What family members typically live in a household?
c)
In what biosphere would you find a polar bear?
d)
Who was the founder of the United States?
209.
What IQ is generally considered average?
a)
150
b)
125
c)
100
d)
70
210.
What demographic (race, s.e.s., etc) is typically advantaged in standardized testing such as IQ:
a)
Upper-Middle Class Caucasians
b)
Ethnic minorities from the city
c)
Rural Caucasian individuals
d)
White Anglo-Saxon Protestants
211.
Intelligence tests for children typically focus most on:
a)
Potential
b)
Knowledge
c)
Facts
d)
Behaviors
212.
On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any lines or hooks. Ed’s failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of
a)
Cognitive accommodation
b)
Backward masking
c)
Functional fixedness
d)
Proactive interference
213.
A rule-of-thumb problem-solving strategy is a(n) _____________________.
a)
a heuristic
b)
an "ideal" solution
c)
vicarious problem solving
d)
an algorithmic strategy
214.
The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ___ effect
a)
serial position
b)
misinformation
c)
next-in-line
d)
priming
215.
Kathy performs better on foreign language vocab tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test.  This illustrates:
a)
the spacing effect
b)
the serial position effect
c)
mood-congruent memory
d)
chunking
216.
Which type of memory has essentially unlimited storage capacity?
a)
echoic memory
b)
short term memory
c)
long term memory
d)
state-dependent memory
217.
The hippocampus plays a critical role in __ memory
a)
iconic
b)
explicit
c)
echoic
d)
implicit 
218.
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
a)
recall; recognition
b)
recognition; relearning
c)
recall; relearning
d)
recognition; rehearsal
219.
The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by
a)
repression.
b)
encoding failure.
c)
retrieval failure.
d)
a physical decay of stored memory.
220.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
a)
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
b)
avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
c)
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
d)
involve greater reliance on language skills.
221.
Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the: 
a)
amygdala.
b)
hypothalamus.
c)
sensory cortex.
d)
motor cortex.
222.
You are used to driving a car with a standard shift.  Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission.  As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift.  This tendency is most likely due to: 
a)
nretroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
motivated forgetting.
d)
encoding failure.
223.
People are more likely to respond better to you telling them that they have a 60% chance of passing a class, than telling them they have a 40% chance of failure. What kind of influence does this example demonstrate?
a)
FRAMING
b)
RELEARNING
c)
PRIMING
d)
ENCODING
224.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.
225.

Which one of the following illustrates belief perseverance?

a)

Your belief remains intact even in the face of evidence to the contrary

b)

You refuse to listen to arguments counter to your beliefs

c)

You tend to become flustered and angered when your beliefs are refuted

d)

You tend to search for information that supports your beliefs

226.

Which of the following is a feature of the storage stage of memory?

a)

converting visual information into something meaningful

b)

converting sound into vibrations

c)

bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind

d)

holding information just long enough to work with it

227.

In _________, new long-term declarative memories cannot be formed at all.

a)

retrograde amnesia

b)

memory decay

c)

anterograde amnesia

d)

memory trace

228.

People’s memories of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. are best described as:

a)

recognition memories.

b)

implicit memories.

c)

flashbulb memories.

d)

procedural memories.

229.

The song that begins “Doe, a deer, a female deer . . . fah, a long long way to run” helps people remember the order of notes on a musical scale. This song is a type of:

a)

mnemonic device.

b)

elaborative rehearsal.

c)

constructive process.

d)

echoic memory.

230.

A tendency to search for evidence that fits one’s beliefs while ignoring other evidence is called ________.

a)

mental set

b)

trial-and-error

c)

confirmation bias

d)

functional fixedness

231.

If a test measures what it is supposed to measure, that test has:

a)

reliability.

b)

validity.

c)

objectivity.

d)

consistency.

232.

Marjorie took a personality test in April. She took the same test in June and December, receiving a very similar score. This test can be considered:

a)

subjective.

b)

objective.

c)

reliable.

d)

valid.

233.

Derrick lives in the rugged mountains, so whenever he hears the word “vehicle,” the first thing that comes to mind is a jeep. For Derrick, a jeep is a(n) _______ for vehicle.

a)

prototype

b)

mental set

c)

algorithm

d)

formal concept

234.

Sabrina’s statistics instructor assigns math homework every week that requires Sabrina to solve problems using formulas. Sabrina is making use of what method of problem solving to complete her statistics homework?

a)

insight

b)

algorithms

c)

trial and error

d)

heuristics

235.

Alyssa has to write a research paper on the effects of video games on child behavior. Alyssa believes that video games lead to bad behavior in children, and only finds research that supports her views. Alyssa’s actions are a demonstration of _______.

a)

divergent thinking

b)

functional fixedness

c)

confirmation bias

d)

convergent thinking

236.

Samantha does really well managing her own emotions, as well as recognizing and understanding the feelings of others around her. Mayer's research would indicate that Samantha has a high level of _______.

a)

book smarts

b)

emotional intelligence

c)

self-esteem

d)

optimism

237.
A disadvantage of using Alfred Binet’s concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that
a)
it is inappropriate for adults
b)
it is based on negatively skewed distribution.
c)
its norms are no longer appropriate
d)
it has a gender bias
e)
it produces unreliable test results among rural children
238.
Charles Spearman's concept of g is most accurately defined as
a)
a specific type of performance that is affected by intelligence
b)
one of seven fundamental abilities that determine behavior
c)
a single, underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests
d)
the ability to create novel solutions to complex situations
e)
the storehouse of knowledge and facts that we accumulate during out adult years
239.
Michael, who has an IQ of 60, is able to do complex calculations in his head, regardless of the size of the numbers. When he is with his family and friends, he does not engage socially; he focuses on his numerical calculations. Which of the following best describes these characteristics?
a)
Phenylketonuria(PKU)
b)
Giftedness
c)
Savant Syndrome
d)
Antisocial Personality Disorder
e)
Down Syndrome
240.
Research on stereotype threat indicates that students might not do as well as they can on a test if
a)
they are informed that people of their ethnicity, age, or gender usually do not perform well on the tests
b)
the group taking the test is not ethnically diverse
c)
they are forced t take a test that is know to have a low retest reliability
d)
other students perceive them to be a minority ethnic group
e)
the test does not have standardized administration or scoring procedures
241.
The Flynn effect is best illustrated by which of the following statements?
a)
A child must clean his room before his parents allow him to watch television.
b)
Intelligence scores increase from generation to generation.
c)
An individual feels overweight but eats large portions of high-calorie food anyway.
d)
An individual agrees to a small request and complies later with a larger request.
e)
Crystallized intelligence increases with age.
242.
A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory?
a)
Declarative
b)
Semantic
c)
Iconic
d)
Episodic
e)
Procedural
243.
Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use?
a)
Iconic
b)
Procedural
c)
Declarative
d)
Implicit
e)
Echoic
244.
In Elizabeth Loftus’ study of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was the
a)
number of pictures the students were shown of the accident
b)
length of time the students viewed pictures of the accident
c)
wording of questions the students were asked about the accident
d)
location of the accident
e)
sex and age of the students
245.
When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over them very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about by others, or seen in movies and on television. Emma’s performance on history tests will probably be better than Sophie’s due to differences in
a)
retrograde amnesia
b)
selective attention
c)
levels of processing
d)
source monitoring
e)
clustering
246.
A normally functioning 65-year-old who cannot solve abstract logic puzzles as quickly as he did when he was younger is experiencing a
a)
phenomenon that is uncommon for people of his age
b)
phenomenon predicted by Erik Erikson as part of the 8 stages of psychosocial development
c)
decrease in his crystallized intelligence
d)
decrease in his fluid intelligence
e)
difficulty with concrete operational thinking
247.
Average IQ scores have increased steadily over the past 100 years. It has been argued that this effect is most likely due to
a)
an increase in the average number of years in school.
b)
a decrease in access to medical care, clean water, and nutritious food.
c)
an increase in population.
d)
a decrease in genetic mutations
e)
an increase in genetic diversity.
248.
The cerebellum is most directly involved in
a)
forming emotional memories
b)
forming explicit and spatial memories
c)
judgement and higher order cognition.
d)
sensory processing and relaying.
e)
motor learning.
249.
Which of the following best illustrates Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve?
a)
Laurence studied for his first Spanish test by sitting down and cramming for two hours, and he studied for his second Spanish test by spacing out his studying for 30 minutes over the course of a week. He did better on the second test than the first.
b)
Erik studied Italian in college. After he graduated, he went backpacking in Europe, where he realized he had forgotten a lot of Italian. Years later, he went on another trip to Italy and was surprised to discover that he remembered about the same amount of Italian as during his first trip.
c)
When Ruth first moves to a new country, she keeps trying to use customs from her old country. Over time, she adjusts to her new country’s ways.
d)
Marsha remembers only information that agrees with her current understanding and ignores everything else.
e)
Beatriz tells a story that she heard from a friend, but she cannot remember who told her the story.
250.
Piper reads about someone described as adventurous and extroverted. She then judges that this person is more likely to be a lawyer who enjoys hiking than a lawyer who does not. The best explanation for Piper’s error is that she is basing her judgment on
a)
the availability heuristic
b)
anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic
c)
representativeness heuristic
d)
confirmation bias
e)
predictable-world bias
251.
Martine needs a hammer but cannot find one. As she looks around her apartment, her gaze passes over a metal paperweight and some other objects that could potentially serve as a makeshift hammer. However, she is so focused on these objects' typical uses that she does not think to use any of them as a hammer. Martine is experiencing which of the following?
a)
Fundamental Attribution Error
b)
Functional Fixedness
c)
Blindsight
d)
Hawthorne Effect
e)
Repression
252.
Ms. Reagan, who is a teacher, agrees more with Howard Gardner’s theory of intelligence than Charles Spearman’s theory of intelligence. Which of the following scenarios would she most agree with?
a)
Ms. Reagan's student Shuri is excellent at math, so she concludes that Shuri must also have high verbal ability.
b)
Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit more than one type of intelligence. For example, she notices her student Noel plays well with others as well as alone.
c)
Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit three specific types of intelligence.
d)
Ms. Reagan observes that her student Lenny is practical, creative, and analytical, so she concludes that Lenny must be the most intelligent person in her class.
e)
Because Jenny can memorize every book she reads, Ms. Reagan concludes that she must have a high IQ.
253.
Dr. Porter is studying the effectiveness of two intervention programs to improve the outcomes of children who have an intellectual disability. Which of the following groups of children should she include in her study?
a)
Children who have been diagnosed with language impairments
b)
Children who have been diagnosed with ADHD
c)
Children who have an IQ between 50-69
d)
Children who have an IQ between 100 and 125
e)
Children who get C's in class
254.
Which of the following psychologists is most strongly associated with research on false memories?
a)
Elizabeth Loftus
b)
Noam Chomsky
c)
Ernst Weber
d)
Jean Piaget
e)
Mary Ainsworth
255.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?
a)
After a car accident, Serena can no longer form new memories, though she can still remember things that happened before the accident.
b)
Alexis believes that because she has played the lottery many times without winning, she is more likely to win than someone who has never played before.
c)
Carl tries to remember the name of his first boss, but he cannot because he keeps thinking of the name of his current boss.
d)
Raj just bought a new phone and keeps trying to turn it on by pushing the wrong button because the button is in the place where the on button was on his old phone.
e)
Lina is trying to find a solution to a problem but is unable to see how the available tools could be used in a different way.
256.

Directs attention purposefully to something important, ignores irrelevant stimuli =

a)

Selective attention

b)

Divided attention

c)

Inattentional blindness

d)

Change blindness

257.

What IQ is generally considered the threshold for an intellectual disability?

a)

100

b)

70

c)

50

d)

20

258.

Priming refers to

a)

the sense that one has been in a particular situation before.

b)

better recall for experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood.

c)

attributing a memory to an erroneous source.

d)

the activation of associations in memory.

259.

a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts

a)

Schema

b)

Prototype

c)

Concept

d)

Cognition

260.

thinking, including perception, learning, problem solving, judgment, and memory

a)

Schema

b)

Prototype

c)

Concept

d)

Cognition

261.

best representation of a concept

a)

Schema

b)

Prototype

c)

Concept

d)

Cognition

262.

category or grouping of linguistic information, objects, ideas, or life experiences

a)

Schema

b)

Prototype

c)

Concept

d)

Cognition

263.

mental groupings that are created “naturally” through your experiences (like snow).

a)

Algorithm

b)

Artificial Concept

c)

Natural Concept

d)

Heuristic

264.

concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics.

a)

algorithm

b)

Heuristic

c)

natural concept

d)

artificial concept

265.

Continue trying different solutions until problem is solved

a)

Algorithm

b)

Decision Bias

c)

Trial & Error

d)

Heuristic

266.

Step-by-step problem-solving formula

a)

Heuristic

b)

Algorithm

c)

Trial & Error

d)

Decision Bias

267.

General problem-solving framework (like working backwards or breaking a task into steps)

a)

algorithm

b)

heuristic

c)

Confirmation Bias

d)

Decision Bias

268.

continually using an old solution to a problem without results.

a)

Mental Set

b)

Functional Fixedness

c)

Trial & Error

d)

Decision Bias

269.

inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one f

a)

Trial & Error

b)

Mental Set

c)

Functional Fixedness

d)

Decision Bias

270.

Tendency to focus on one particular piece of information

a)

Anchoring

b)

Hindsight

c)

Representative

d)

Availability

271.

Focuses on information that confirms existing beliefs

a)

Availability

b)

Representative

c)

Confirmation

d)

Hindsight

272.

Belief that the event just experienced was predictable.

a)

Decision

b)

Confirmation

c)

HIndsight

d)

Availability

273.

Unintentional stereotyping of someone or something.

a)

Anchoring

b)

Hindsight

c)

Confirmation

d)

Representative

274.

Decision is based upon either an available precedent or an example that may be faulty.

a)

Availability

b)

Representative

c)

Confirmation

d)

Hindsight

275.

Encoding, storing, ____

a)

processing

b)

studying

c)

retrieving

276.

The order in which you learn info matters- 1st & last sticks with you the best, the middle tends to get lost

a)

next in line

b)

distributed practice

c)

serial position effect

d)

recency effect

277.

part of brain most involved with memory

a)

amygdala

b)

hippocampus

c)

cerebellum

278.

memory, thinking, problem solving, language

a)

psychology

b)

cognition

c)

psychiatry

279.

rule of thumb, well-known tactic for solving a problem

a)

algorithm

b)

heuristic

280.

studied eyewitness testimony and misinformation

a)

Elizabeth Loftus

b)

Mary Ainsworth

c)

Sigmund Freud

281.

like riding a bike, procedural memory

a)

explicit memory

b)

implicit memory

282.

can't think of another use for an object because you only want to use it for its purpose...you lack creativity

a)

divergent thinking

b)

intelligence

c)

functional fixedness

283.

remembering a tragic event in vivid detail, it stays with you

a)

retrograde amnesia

b)

flashbulb memory

c)

amygdala

284.

can't remember old info because you're learning so many new things

a)

retroactive interference

b)

proactive interference

c)

retrograde amnesia

d)

anterograde amnesia

285.

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

a)

Storage

b)

Recognition

c)

Relearning

d)

Recall

286.

Your memory of which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

a)

What you had for breakfast yesterday

b)

The need to spend some time reviewing tomorrow for an upcoming psychology quiz

c)

Which way to turn the car key to start the engine

d)

That George Washington was the first President

287.

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the capacity of short-term and working memory?

a)

Can handle about a half dozen items total

b)

Lasts for less than half a minute unless you rehearse the information

c)

Can handle about a half dozen items for each of the tasks you are working on at any time

d)

Is thought to be unlimited-there us always room for more information

288.

What two parts of the brain are most involved in explicit memory?

a)

Frontal lobe and basla ganglia

b)

Frontal lobe and hippocampus

c)

Amygdala and cerebellum

d)

Cerebellum and basal ganglia

289.

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the relationship between emotions and memory?

a)

Emotions block memory, and it is generally true that we are unable to recall highly emotional events.

b)

Excitement tends to increase the chance that an event will be remembered, but stress decreases the chance that an event will be remembered.

c)

Emotion enhances memory because it is important for our survival to remember events that make us emotional.

d)

The effect of emotion on memory depends on the interpretation of the event in the frontal lobe.

290.

Juan returns to his grandparent's house after a 10 year absence. The flood of memories about his childhood visits is best explained by which of the following?

a)

Priming

b)

Recall

c)

Explicit memory

d)

Flashbulb memory

291.

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

a)

Halle has no memories of the first 10 years of her life.

b)

William has lost his memory of the 2 weeks before he had surgery to remove a benign brain tumor.

c)

Maddie can't remember the details of when she was mugged downtown 6 months ago

d)

Louis can remember his past, but has not been able to form new long-term memories since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

292.

Which of the following is an example f proactive interference?

a)

You can't recall your locker combination from sixth grade because your current locker combination interferes.

b)

You can't recall who won the state swim meet last year because the winner of this year's meet interferes.

c)

You can't recall what you studied first period because what you studied in fourth period interferes.

d)

You can't recall your new cell phone number your old number interferes.

293.

Which of the following is the best term for mental activities associated with remembering, thinking, and knowing?

a)

Cognition

b)

Concepts

c)

Convergent thinking

d)

Divergent thinking

294.

Which of the following is the best phrase for the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solutions?

a)

Allowing for incubation

b)

Divergent thinking

c)

Convergent thinking

d)

Experiencing other cultures

295.
Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
296.
A rule of thumb
a)
Schema
b)
Script
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
297.
Inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose
a)
Mental set
b)
Functional Fixedness
c)
Bias
298.
Holds about 7 items at a time
a)
Short-term memory
b)
Long-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
299.

Phonemes and morphemes refer to

a)

elements of telegraphic speech

b)

basic elements of language

c)

basic elements of concepts

d)

memories stored in the LTM

300.

Your sensory memory is the quickest and is split into two parts, what you hear and what you see. These are called...

a)

Ego and Id

b)

visual-spatial

c)

echoic and iconic

d)

audio and myopic

301.

Which are three ways to remember things that would otherwise be forgotten in your STM?

a)

chunking, mnemonics, and rehearsal

b)

Sensory, STM, and LTM

c)

Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural

d)

Recognition, recall, and retrieval

302.

Which are three main parts of the Long-Term Memory

a)

chunking, mnemonics, and rehearsal

b)

Sensory, STM, and LTM

c)

Episodic, Semantic, and Procedural

d)

Recognition, recall, and retrieval

303.

Also known for his curve of forgetting, which Cornell notes is based off of, this researcher discovered the primacy and recency effect.

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

304.

On the following list, which would you remember based on the primacy and recency effect? 4,9,8,4,2,6,3,6,8,4,2,1,1,5,7

a)

4,9,8 and 1,5,7

b)

4, 9, 8, 4, 2

c)

7, 5, 1, 1, 2, 4,

d)

6, 3, 6, 8, 4, 2

305.

Someone who cannot encode new memories has...

a)

Anterograde amnesia

b)

Long-term potentiation

c)

Retroactive Interference

d)

Proactive Interference

306.

This theorist believed humans were born with a language acquisition device, meaning children are predisposed to learning language quickly.

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

307.

This theorist believed that the language we speak can change how we think. For instance, some languages have more words for "love" than English. Does this mean that they have a greater understanding of what love is?

a)

Hermann Ebbinghaus

b)

Noam Chomsky

c)

George Sperling

d)

Benjamin Whorf

308.

If I want to find sriracha sauce in the grocery store, I could go up and down every aisle until I found it. This would take longer, but guarantee I find it. This is called using

a)

An algorithm

b)

A heuristic

309.

If I want to find sriracha sauce in the grocery store, I could check the most obvious places (Asian section, sauce section, etc...). This "rule of thumb" thinking is called using

a)

An algorithm

b)

A heuristic

310.
Preserves brief sensory impression for only a fraction of a second.
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Working Memory
c)
Short-Term Memory
d)
Long-Term Memory
311.
Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.
a)
Rehearsal
b)
Chunking
c)
Perserverance
d)
Encoding
312.
Has unlimited storage capacity
a)
Working memory
b)
Short-term memory
c)
Sensory memory
d)
Long-term memory
313.

A memory of something that was NOT consciously learned.

a)

Implicit memory

b)

Explicit memory

c)

Retroactive memory

d)

Declarative memory

314.

Denying and/or ignoring information that does not fit our opinions/beliefs.

a)

Confirmation bias

b)

Hindsight bias

c)

Anchoring bias

d)

Availability bias

315.

Phonemes and morphemes refer to

a)

elements of telegraphic speech

b)

basic elements of language

c)

basic elements of concepts

d)

memories stored in the LTM

316.
When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?
a)
Intuition insight 
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Belief perserverance
d)
Availability heurisitic
317.
______ is an example of a concept that best exemplifies the characteristics of that concept.
a)
prototype
b)
concept
c)
syntax
d)
thinking
318.
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.
a)
availability heuristics
b)
representative heuristics
c)
concepts
d)
functional fixedness
319.

Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?

a)

Divergent Thinking

b)

Convergent Thinking

c)

Intrinsic Motivation

d)

Availability Heuristic

e)

Representative Heuristic

320.

What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?

a)

Confirmation Bias

b)

Overconfidence

c)

Intuition

d)

Insight

e)

Algorithm

321.

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of

a)

syntax.

b)

semantics.

c)

morphemes.

d)

prototypes.

e)

linguistic determinism.

322.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
323.
Memory decay is fastest for which type of memory?
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Short Term Memory
c)
Working Memory
d)
Long Term Memory
324.

Elizabeth Loftus did work related to

a)

accurate memories being found during hypnosis

b)

repressed and false memories

c)

the forgetting curve.

d)

the capacity and duration of short term memory.

325.

According to _________ theory, you're not consciously aware of how external stimuli have shaped your behavioral responses.

a)

Constructive memory

b)

repressive memory

c)

episodic memory

d)

priming

326.
Which brain part is responsible for facilitating explicit memories?
a)
brain stem
b)
cerebellum
c)
amygdala
d)
hippocampus
327.

Remembering is facilitated when you are in a similar situation or environment as when you encoded it.

a)

Context Dependent Memory

b)

State Dependent Memory

c)

Elaborative Memory

d)

Long Term Memory

328.

Harriet became nervous and forgot the name of her boyfriend's sister. Her forgetting can best be explained by

a)

Context Dependent Memory

b)

State Dependent Memory

c)

Elaborative Rehearsal

d)

Long Term Memory

329.

Remembering how to perform behaviors, like typing on a keyboard, is an example of:

a)

Episodic memory

b)

Procedural memory

c)

Semantic memory

d)

Declarative memory

330.
Not being able to remember an old phone number because you can only remember the new one is an example of:
a)
Proactive interference
b)
Primacy Effect
c)
Reteroactive interference
d)
Recency Effect
331.

To gain accurate eyewitness testimony from children, interviewers must

a)

be sensitive to repressed memories.

b)

provide details to the child before the interview

c)

use neutral words that don't influence their answers.

d)

employ leading questions to prompt a response

332.
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
a)
repressed memories.
b)
sensory memories
c)
mood-congruent memories
d)
flashbulb memories
333.

Which specific area of the brain is important in recalling declarative memories?

a)

The hippocampus

b)

The cererbral cortex

c)

The prefrontal cortex

d)

The amygdala

334.

Memories that are implanted and we believe actually happen even though they did not are called

a)

Flash bulb memories

b)

Reconstructed memories

c)

Semantic memories

d)

False memories

335.

Donna easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning but she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

a)

The spacing effect

b)

Proactive interference

c)

Retroactive interference

d)

State-dependent memory

336.

Which of the following would be predicted by Ebbinghaus’ famous forgetting curve? Several years after learning the dates of important historical events for a college class, students:

a)

will remember most of the dates, and will remember them for years to come.

b)

will remember most of the dates, and will slowly start to forget them.

c)

will have forgotten most of the dates, but what they do remember, they’ll remember for years to come.

d)

will have forgotten most of the dates, but during the years to come, they will again remember what they initially forgot.

337.

Trying to remember information by making information meaningful to you is which encoding process?

a)

self reference encoding

b)

chunking

c)

imagery

d)

mnemonic device

338.

Sam has been assigned to think of a solution for students who struggle with mental health at FHS. He can only think of one solution; sending them to the guidance counselors.

a)

convergent thinking

b)

divergent thinking

c)

out of box thinking

d)

insight

339.

Ben's good friend Jess decided to wait until the night before to study for the Cognitive Test. Ben, on the other hand, took the suggestion of Mr. Baxer and spaced out his review over 4 nights. Ben's strategy was

a)

Distributed practice

b)

Massed practice

c)

Cram practice

d)

Retroactive practice

340.

The last time Mark's computer froze he restarted it and it worked. The next time his computer froze the only solution he could think of is to restart it again.

a)

out of box thinking

b)

divergent thinking

c)

functional fixedness

d)

Mental set

341.

This multiple choice question is an example of what kind of retrieval process?

a)

recall

b)

recognition

c)

reiteration

d)

relearning

342.

The skills needed to ride a bicycle are stored as

a)

implicit memories

b)

episodic memories

c)

explicit memories

d)

echoic memories

343.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
344.
Preserves recently  perceived events or experiences for less than a minute w/o rehearsal.
a)
Sensory memory
b)
Working memory
c)
Long-term memory
345.

Cognitive psychologist now believe that the "central executive" of the memory processes is

a)

Longterm memory

b)

Sensory memory

c)

Working memory

d)

Echoic memory

e)

Iconic memory

346.

Your ability to simultaneously process several stimuli at once is known as

a)

Dual processing

b)

Parallel processing

c)

Sensory integration

d)

Mnemonics

347.

Classically conditioned memories are stored in this part of the brain.

a)

Hippocampus

b)

Frontal cortex

c)

Basal ganglia

d)

Cerebellum

348.

The strengthening of synapses based on recurrent patterns of activity is known as

a)

linguistic determinism

b)

mood-congruent memory

c)

long-term potentiation

d)

deep processing

349.
Information that is reviewed to keep it from fading.
a)
Chunking
b)
Maintenance Rehearsal
c)
Storage
d)
Retrieval
350.
Part of LTM that stores memories of how things are done.
a)
Declarative memory
b)
Acoustic memory
Elaborative memory
c)
Acoustic memory
d)
Procedural memory
351.
Techniques used to improve memory.
a)
Bias
b)
Persistence
c)
Mnemonic
d)
Transience
352.

What is being demonstrated when you believe that women are better caregivers than men, and you continue to see only good examples of females being better parents than men?

a)

CONFIRMATION BIAS

b)

REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTIC

c)

ENCODING

d)

FRAMING

353.

When Daniel used his coat as a blanket he showed that he had a low _______. (Because he could see another other use for his coat.)

a)

FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS

b)

LONG TERM POTENTIATION

c)

PARALLEL PROCESSING

d)

AUTOMATIC PROCESSIN

354.
Being able to understand that the "right to bear arms" is not referring to an animal shows you can understand what?
a)
SEMANTICS
b)
SYNTAX
c)
PHONEME
d)
MORPHEME
355.
Freud is often associated with _____ memory.
a)
REPRESSED
b)
ECHOIC
c)
ICONIC
d)
IMPLICIT
356.
The inability to learn something new because of something old interfering is called what?
a)
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
b)
RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
357.
"To the store we goed" was something my niece said to me once. What was her language error called?
a)
SYNTAX
b)
semantics
c)
morphemes
d)
phonemes
358.
What has occurred when you mistakenly remember the details of a story a friend told you and begin sharing it as something you read?
a)
SOURCE AMNESIA
b)
retroactive amnesia
c)
anterograde amnesia
359.
There is a man who is tall, athletic and has big hands. You see him among a group of friends and are told that one is a basketball player, another is a hockey player and the third is a soccer player. If you assume that he is the basketball player, what rule are you influenced by?
a)
REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTIC
b)
BELIEF PERSEVERANCE
c)
AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC
360.
What type of heuristic can be demonstrated by this example? A teacher is having difficulty trying to convince a girl who is upset by several boys teasing her, that not all boys are not inherently bad.
a)
BELIEF PERSEVERANCE
b)
REPRESENTATIVE HEURISTIC
c)
AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC
361.
People are more likely to respond better to you telling them that they have a 60% chance of passing a class, than telling them they have a 40% chance of failure. What kind of influence does this example demonstrate?
a)
FRAMING
b)
RELEARNING
c)
PRIMING
d)
ENCODING
362.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
363.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
364.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a)
People underestimate the accuracy of their judgments.
b)
People pay closest attention to information that disconfirms what they believe.
c)
It is difficult for most people to explain away their failures.
d)
People are overconfident about how they will perform on various tasks.
365.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
366.
In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.”  This best illustrates the importance of:
a)
syntax.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
367.
Which language theorist would have been most likely to emphasize that children master the rule for forming the past tense of regular verbs like "push" before they learn common past tense constructions of irregular verbs like "go"? 
a)
B. F. Skinner
b)
Benjamin Lee Whorf
c)
Noam Chomsky
d)
Hermann Ebbinghaus
368.
A typical one-year-old child:
a)
uses telegraphic speech.
b)
imitates two-word phases.
c)
is in the cooing stage.
d)
has lost the ability to discriminate phoneme sounds outside her native language.
369.
Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition holds that people have an inborn universal grammar that makes learning of language easy for children.  Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory?
a)
Children repeat words that they hear frequently.
b)
Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language.
c)
Chimpanzees and other apes can easily learn language.
d)
Some children’s vocabularies are extensive, despite the fact that they may live in poor environments
370.

Tip of my tongue phenomena is explained by...

a)

The long term memory ability

b)

+ or - 7 rule

c)

Retrieval Failure Theory

d)

Interference Theory

371.

Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve would suggest to students to consistently revise learnt work rather than use a cramming approach for more success in tests.

a)

True

b)

False

372.

Repetition looks like...

a)

Making a poem of content

b)

Making up a story using the content terms

c)

Visualising the content

d)

Writing out learnt content over and over

373.

Chunking works to help you to remember subject information by...

a)

Writing out content over and over

b)

Writing a story about the content

c)

Grouping content

d)

Writing a poem about the content

374.

What are the three stages of memory in order?

a)

Sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory

b)

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

c)

Short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory

d)

Long-term memory, short-term memory, sensory memory

375.

Computers and people both handle information using the process of

a)

recognition, storage, and retrieval.

b)

encoding, storage, and retrieval.

c)

encoding, storage, and forgetting.

d)

encoding, storage, and maintenance.

376.
What memory process are you using when you recalled information about what happened in 1st grade?
a)
primacy effect
b)
retrieval
c)
short term memory
d)
chunking
377.
Connecting new information to old information is known as
a)
retrieval
b)
maintenance rehearsal
c)
elaborative rehearsal
d)
information processing
378.
A memory from our own personal life is a
a)
Echoic Memory
b)
Prospective Memory
c)
Episodic Memory
d)
Semantic Memory
379.
What is it called when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information?
a)
Retention
b)
Retroactive Interference
c)
Proactiveinterference
d)
Retrieval Failure
380.
In an effort to remember how to spell "rhinoceros," Sheryl writes the word 30 times. She is using a technique known as:
a)
priming
b)
rehearsal rate
c)
the peg-word system
d)
chunking
381.
If you realize you lost your keys during 5th period, this will enable you to retrace your steps to locate them. 
a)
Effortful processing
b)
Automatic processing
c)
iconic memory
d)
semantic encoding
382.
IQ = _________age/chronological age X 100
a)
Fundamental
b)
Mental
c)
Actual
d)
Legal
383.
Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of: 
a)
predictive validity
b)
factor analysis
c)
the g factor
d)
reliability
384.
Although Nicole scored well above average on the SAT, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of:
a)
convergent thinking
b)
validity
c)
mental age
d)
emotional intelligence
385.
Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test in order to measure the _______ of a test. 
a)
validity
b)
reliability
c)
standardization
d)
factor analysis
386.
According to Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence's, skill at gauging others' moods and motivations
a)
Spatial
b)
Interapersonal
c)
Interpersonal
d)
Naturalist
387.
Validity is...
a)
When tests are administered and scored the same way every time.
b)
The ability to measure what the test was intended to measure
c)
The moment when a test becomes legitimate.  
d)
A test that validates a students intelligence.  
388.
An IQ score above 135 indicates one is 
a)
giftedness
b)
intellectually challenged
389.
An IQ score below 70 indicates
a)
giftedness
b)
intellectual disability
390.
Which of the following is generally a better indication of achieving success?
a)
I.Q. - your math and verbal skills
b)
Emotional Intelligence
391.
Body smart
a)
Interpersonal
b)
Spatial
c)
Logical
d)
Kinestheic
392.
Of the following, which test is the most widely used IQ test today?
a)
WAD
b)
Binet-Simon Intelligence Test
c)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
d)
Stanford-Binet test
393.
Which of the following individuals would be classified as "gifted"?
a)
Larry, with an IQ score of 100 
b)
Tanner, with an IQ score of 110
c)
Delaney, with an IQ score of 65
d)
Katie, with an IQ of 145
394.
IQ tests are:
a)
moderately good predictors of success in school 
b)
excellent predictors of success in life but not in school
c)
moderately good predictors of motivation but not school success
d)
very poorly correlated with any other measure of achievement
395.

Which process transfers information from sensory memory to short term memory?

a)

attention

b)

cognition

c)

differentiation

d)

perception

396.

Caitlin, a fifth grader, is asked to remember her second-grade teacher's name. What measure of retention will Caitlin use to answer this question?

a)

Storage

b)

Recognition

c)

Relearning

d)

Recall

397.

Your memory of which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

a)

What you had for breakfast yesterday

b)

The need to spend some time reviewing tomorrow for an upcoming psychology quiz

c)

Which way to turn the car key to start the engine

d)

That George Washington was the first President

398.

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the relationship between emotions and memory?

a)

Emotions block memory, and it is generally true that we are unable to recall highly emotional events.

b)

Excitement tends to increase the chance that an event will be remembered, but stress decreases the chance that an event will be remembered.

c)

Emotion enhances memory because it is important for our survival to remember events that make us emotional.

d)

The effect of emotion on memory depends on the interpretation of the event in the frontal lobe.

399.

Juan returns to his grandparent's house after a 10 year absence. The flood of memories about his childhood visits is best explained by which of the following?

a)

Priming

b)

Recall

c)

Explicit memory

d)

Flashbulb memory

400.

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

a)

Halle has no memories of the first 10 years of her life.

b)

William has lost his memory of the 2 weeks before he had surgery to remove a benign brain tumor.

c)

Maddie can't remember the details of when she was mugged downtown 6 months ago

d)

Louis can remember his past, but has not been able to form new long-term memories since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

401.

Which of the following is an example f proactive interference?

a)

You can't recall your locker combination from sixth grade because your current locker combination interferes.

b)

You can't recall who won the state swim meet last year because the winner of this year's meet interferes.

c)

You can't recall what you studied first period because what you studied in fourth period interferes.

d)

You can't recall your new cell phone number your old number interferes.

402.

Which of the following is the best phrase for the narrowing of available problem solutions with the goal of determining the best solutions?

a)

Allowing for incubation

b)

Divergent thinking

c)

Convergent thinking

d)

Experiencing other cultures

403.
As his AP psychology teacher was lecturing, Tanner was thinking about competing in a swim meet later that afternoon. Where are Tanner's current thoughts being processed?
a)
sensory memory
b)
working memory
c)
long-term memory
d)
echoic memory
404.
During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of
a)
automatic processing.
b)
priming.
c)
the serial position effect.
d)
the spacing effect.
405.
Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of
a)
implicit memory
b)
the serial position effect
c)
long-term potentation
d)
the spacing effect
406.
Semantic encoding is to visual encoding as ________ is to ________.
a)
effortful processing; automatic processing
b)
iconic memory; flashbulb memory
c)
meaning; imagery
d)
implicit memory; explicit memory
407.
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
a)
recall; recognition
b)
recognition; relearning
c)
recall; relearning
d)
recognition; rehearsal
408.
The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by
a)
repression.
b)
encoding failure.
c)
retrieval failure.
d)
a physical decay of stored memory.
409.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.
410.
When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a
a)
prototype.
b)
mental set.
c)
algorithm.
d)
fixation.
411.
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of
a)
an algorithm.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
functional fixedness.
d)
belief perseverance.
412.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
a)
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
b)
avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
c)
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
d)
involve greater reliance on language skills.
413.
Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
divergent thinking.
c)
framing.
d)
convergent thinking.
414.
Jerome believes that his 4-year-old grandson is a hyperactive child because the boy's constant movement resembles Jerome's prototype of hyperactivity. Jerome's thinking best illustrates
a)
belief perseverance.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
the representativeness heuristic.
d)
functional fixedness.
415.
Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
confirmation bias.
c)
the availability heuristic.
d)
overconfidence
416.
Which of the following is the best example of framing?
a)
Alex was locked out of his car. He didn't think to use a coat hanger to unlock the door before calling the police.
b)
Zach felt very certain that he knew all the concepts in Chapter 2, so he was surprised to get 65 percent on the exam.
c)
Despite reading several research studies demonstrating that therapeutic touch is no more effective than a placebo in treating pain, Miriam still considers it a valid treatment option.
d)
A television advertisement for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients.
417.
The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different
a)
prototypes.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
418.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)
a)
prototype.
b)
morpheme.
c)
syntax.
d)
algorithm.
419.
A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, “Can you please a ride to the airport me give?” This visitor has apparently not yet mastered the ________ of the English language.
a)
phonemes
b)
semantics
c)
syntax
d)
nomenclature
420.
The earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage.
a)
grammatical
b)
one-word
c)
telegraphic speech
d)
babbling
421.
Chomsky suggested that as a child first begins hearing language, appropriate settings or standards regarding the rules of that language are activated in the child's
a)
category hierarchy.
b)
linguistic prototype.
c)
linguistic prototype.
d)
language acquisition device.
422.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
423.
Which of the following is NOT included as part of today’s general definition of intelligence?
a)
the ability to solve problems
b)
nthe ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations
c)
the ability to understand people and emotions
d)
the ability to learn from experience
424.

•Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s classic three-stage model of memory includes all of the following, except:

a)

A. short- term memory

b)

B. long-term memory

c)

C. flashbulb memory

d)

D. sensory memory

425.

•When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of:

a)

A. chunking.

b)

B. flashbulb memory.

c)

C. automatic processing.

d)

D. iconic memory.

426.

Priming refers to:

a)

A. the sense that one has been in a particular situation before.

b)

B. better recall for experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood.

c)

C. attributing a memory to an erroneous source.

d)

D. the activation of associations in memory.

427.

The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to:

a)

A. storage decay

b)

B. encoding failure

c)

C. motivated forgetting

d)

D. retrieval failure

428.

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

a)

A. the spacing effect

b)

B. proactive interference

c)

C. retroactive interference

d)

D. state-dependent memory

429.

•You are used to driving a car with a standard shift (stick shift). Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission. As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift. This tendency is most likely due to:

a)

A. retroactive interference

b)

B. proactive interference

c)

C. motivated forgetting

d)

D. encoding failure

430.
The representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:
a)
We generalize our views to other, nonrepresentativeness heuristics
b)
 The representativeness  algorithm does not match the representativeness heuristic
c)
 Possible variations in the prototype are considered
d)
 We fail to consider the approximate number of prototypes that actually exist
431.
Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:
a)
Belief bias
b)
The availability heuristic
c)
A mental set
d)
The representativeness heuristic
432.
Most people tend to:
a)
Accurately estimate the accuracy of their knowledge and judgments
b)
Underestimate the accuracy of their knowledge and judgments
c)
Overestimate the accuracy of their knowledge and judgments
d)
Lack confidence in their decision-making strategies
433.
With regards to ground beef, consumers respond more positively to an ad describing it as “75 percent lean” than to one referring to its “25 percent fat” content. This is an example of:
a)
The framing effect
b)
Confirmation bias
c)
Mental set
d)
Overconfidence
434.
Which of the following is not cited by Chomsky as evidence that language acquisition cannot be explained by learning alone?
a)
Children master the complicated rules of grammar with ease
b)
Children create sentences that they have never heard
c)
Children make the kinds of mistakes that suggest they are attempting to apply the rules of grammar
d)
Children raised in isolation from language spontaneously begin speaking words
435.
Whorf’s linguistic determination hypothesis states that:
a)
Language is primarily a learned ability
b)
Language is partially an innate ability
c)
The size of a person’s vocabulary reflects his or her intelligence
d)
Our language shapes our thinking
436.
Marilyn was asked to solve a series of five math problems. The first four problems could only be solved by a particular sequence of operations. The fifth problem could also be solved following this sequence; however, a much simpler solution was possible. Marilyn did not realize this simpler solution and solved the problem in the way she had solved the first four. Her problem-solving strategy was hampered by
a)
Functional fixedness
b)
The overconfidence phenomenon
c)
A mental set
d)
Her lack of a prototype for the solution
437.
If you watch a sequel to movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing...
a)
Repressive Memories
b)
Proactive Interference
c)
Retroactive Interference
d)
Memory Decay
438.
Which of the following has a tendency to be the hardest way to learn something?
a)
When positive transfer occurs.
b)
Using shallow processing.
c)
Using elaborative rehearsal
d)
Using deep processing.
439.
Mrs. Cho is careful to make sure that she fairly represents the whole year's work on the final exam for her American literature class. If Mrs. Cho achieves this goal, her test will have
a)
test-retest reliability.
b)
construct validity.
c)
content validity.
d)
split-half reliability.
440.

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to

a)

have content validity.

b)

be reliable.

c)

have a normal distribution.

d)

have predictive validity.

441.
A person with lower than average intelligence who has an amazing, unusual mental skill is known as a
a)
genius
b)
savant
c)
prodigy
d)
freak
442.

Andrew has spent time learning a new dance routine that requires many steps. After learning the entire dance, he has a difficult time remember the steps that start off the number.

a)

proactive interference

b)

retroactive interference

c)

source amnesia

d)

short-term memory

443.

Brady's mother told him to get 20 items from the grocery store. He did not write anything down. He could only remember the beginning of the list and the end of the list due to serial position effect.

a)

recency & primacy

b)

memory & forgetting

c)

blocking & retrieval

d)

primacy & recency

444.

Micah's parents just installed a new alarm system. His dad calls and gives him the code 6527852389. He has nothing to write it on and his phone dies. He remembers 652 785 2389 by using this method

a)

phonemes

b)

peg word method

c)

method of loci

d)

Chunking

445.

Which type of sensory memory works with visual stimuli?

a)

Short-Term memory

b)

Working memory

c)

Iconic Memory

d)

Echoic Memory

e)

Explicit Memory

446.

If information that has been stored in memory is not used for an extended period of time, what will most likely happen to that memory?

a)

Encoding Failure

b)

Retrieval Failure

c)

Retrograde Interference

d)

Storage Decay

e)

Anterograde Amnesia

447.

If Johnny has forgotten his new password for his phone and he can only remember the old password, which type of interference is taking place?

a)

Retrograde Amnesia

b)

Anterograde Amnesia

c)

Proactive Interference

d)

Retroactive Interference

e)

Encoding Failure

448.

Which type of amnesia keeps us from remembering information from the first 2-3 years of our lives?

a)

Anterograde

b)

Retrograde

c)

Infantile

d)

Iconic

e)

Echoic

449.

What is Semantic Encoding

a)

Attach Meaning to the information

b)

Repeat the information over and over

c)

Only go over the information twice

d)

Store a picture of the information in your memory

450.
The first stage of memory that involves information bombarding us every second.  
a)
sensory memory
b)
short-term memory
c)
automatic processing
d)
effortful processing
451.
the retention of encoded information over time. 
a)
memory 
b)
 storage
c)
imagery 
d)
recall
452.
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. 
a)
proactive interference 
b)
retroactive interference
c)
serial position effect 
d)
spacing effect
453.
Last year, Zoe was taught by Mrs Hopper. This year, Mrs Hopper teaches Zoe’s sister, Pia, but she often calls Pia by Zoe’s name. This is known as
a)
A. retrograde amnesia.
b)
B. anterograde amnesia.
c)
C. proactive interference.
d)
 D. retroactive interference.
454.
After looking up a phone number, Jim calls it, then forgets. The number was stored in his
a)
Short-Term Memory
b)
Long Term Memory
c)
Visual Memory
d)
Echoic Memory
455.
This term is a limited capacity store and preserves unrehearsed information for about 15-30 sec.
a)
Working Memory
b)
Long Term Memory
c)
Retrieval Memory
d)
Short-Term Memory
456.
According to the spacing effect, which of the following study methods would work best? 
a)
explaining physics to someone that hasn't taken the class
b)
learning physics by rereading your notebook
c)
studying physics everyday for 1 hour a day in the week leading to the test
d)
studying physics for an hour before a test
457.

An example of sensory memory in action is:

a)

Recognising a friend in the street

b)

Repeating someone's phone number back to yourself

c)

Seeing your name written in the air with a sparkler

d)

Remembering the answer to an exam question

458.

Not being able to remember your new boyfriend's name and you keeping calling them by your old boyfriend's name is an example of:

a)

Proactive Interference

b)

Reconstructive Memory

c)

Retroactive Interference

d)

Freudian Slip

459.

Brock was describing the inside of his doctor's office to one of his friends. In his description he mentions that there were two diplomas on the wall, even though this doctor does not have any diplomas displayed on the wall. Brock's error in recall illustrates

a)

the role of semantic networks in long-term memory

b)

the need for conceptual hierarchies in long-term memory

c)

the need for a good executive control system in short-term memory

d)

the role of schemas in long-term memory

460.

The memory system that contains words, definitions, events, and ideas is the

a)

episodic memory system

b)

declarative memory system

c)

procedural memory system

d)

assimiliative memory system

461.

When an individual's memory for an event is altered by the later introduction of inaccurate or misleading information, it is referred to as the

a)

reconstruction effect

b)

source-monitoring error

c)

misinformation effect

d)

encoding error

462.

____ tests measure specific types of mental abilities and ____ tests measure a person's mastery and knowledge of various subjects.

a)

Aptitude; intelligence

b)

Intelligence; achievement

c)

Aptitude; achievement

d)

Achievement; aptitude

463.

The fact that a test is given with uniform procedures in administration and scoring means that the test has been

a)

normed

b)

standardized

c)

converted to percentiles

d)

converted to deviation scores

464.

Brenna took a test designed to measure her creativity. She tells you that her final score on the test was 70. She knows you are taking a psychology class, so she asks you what this score means. You should tell Brenna

a)

that you can't interpret her score without knowing the norms for the test

b)

70 is probably a high score since most tests have a maximum score of 80

c)

she will need to take the test again before her score can be accurately interpreted

d)

70 is probably a low score since most tests have an average score of 100

465.

An individual's percentile score is the percentage of people who

a)

score above his or her score

b)

score at or below his or her score

c)

score between the mean and his or her score

d)

score below the mean on a standardized test

466.

If a test yields nearly identical scores when it is retaken after a 2-month interval, the test is said to be.

a)

valid

b)

reliable

c)

significant

d)

standardized

467.

If you are told that Philip displays the mental ability typical of an 11-year-old child, you know Philip's ____ is 11.

a)

age

b)

mental age

c)

chronological age

d)

estimated age

468.

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to

a)

predict future life success

b)

provide support for the belief that intelligence is genetically determined

c)

provide support for the belief that intelligence is environmentally determined

d)

predict the school performance of children

469.

Shawna's IQ score was calculated using the formula developed by Lewis Terman, and the result was 92. This indicates that

a)

Shawna's chronological age is greater than her mental age

b)

Shawna's mental age is greater than her chronological age

c)

Shawna's mental age and chronological age are the same

d)

the IQ score calculation was done incorrectly

470.

Which technique analyzes correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters?

a)

standard deviation

b)

central tendency

c)

factor analysis

d)

thematic apperception

471.

In a normal distribution of information, most persons will be found

a)

to the far right in the distribution

b)

in the center of the distributin

c)

to the far left of the distribution

d)

on both extremes of the distribution

472.

Approximately ____ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.

a)

33%

b)

50%

c)

68%

d)

95%

473.

Currently mental retardation is defined as

a)

a subaverage general mental ability

b)

a deficiency in everyday living skills including communication, self-care, meal preparation, social interaction and health and safety

c)

a subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in everyday adaptive skills

d)

a score below 70 to 75 on the Wechsler intelligence test

474.

In which of the following cases is the correlation between IQ scores the lowest?

a)

non-twin siblings reared together

b)

non-twin siblings reared apart

c)

fraternal twins reared together

d)

adoptive siblings reared together

475.

The fact that the correlation in IQ scores between identical twins reared apart is higher than that between fraternal twins reared together suggests that intellectual development is

a)

influenced more by environmental factors than by genetics

b)

affected equally by genetics and environmental factors

c)

influenced more by genetics than by environmental factors

d)

not affected by either genetics or environmental factors

476.

The Flynn effect is the finding that

a)

performance on IQ tests seems to be rising steadily and consistently over time

b)

performance on IQ tests seems to be declining steadily and consistently over time

c)

fluid intelligence declines with age, while crystallized intelligence increases with age

d)

IQ scores tend to remain relatively stable after the age of seven

477.

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, intelligence can be divided into three major parts. These three components of intelligence are

a)

verbal fluency, numerical ability, and memory

b)

analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence

c)

crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence, and transient intelligence

d)

artistic intelligence, performance intelligence, and rational intelligence

478.

Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner’s multiple intelligences?

a)

Naturalist

b)

Spatial

c)

General

d)

Musical

479.

Which of Sternberg’s areas of intelligence focuses on everyday task success?

a)

Analytical

b)

Academic

c)

Creative

d)

Practical

480.

Which is designed to predict a person’s future performance?

a)

Mental age

b)

Intelligence test

c)

Achievement test

d)

Aptitude test

481.

Studies of gender differences in intelligence show that ______________.

a)

Girls are better than boys in complex math.

b)

Boys are better than girls in detecting emotion.

c)

Girls are better than boys in spelling.

d)

Boys are better than girls in locating objects.

482.

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype is called (an) ___________.

a)

crystallized intelligence.

b)

intellectual disability.

c)

stereotype threat.

d)

heritability.

483.

Peter is doing a research paper on intelligence and notices that IQ scores have significantly increased over the years. This is called (the)__________________.

a)

Flynn effect.

b)

reliability.

c)

content validity.

d)

normal curve.

484.

Fred and Eric are identical twins. Which is likely true about their intelligence?

a)

Their intelligence test scores are closely matched.

b)

Their brain matter volume and activation are different.

c)

Their environment has no influence on their intelligence.

d)

They have the same intelligence correlations as adopted siblings would.

485.

Nadine believes that girls can’t run as fast as boys. This seems to slow her down during her co-ed race. What might she be influenced by?

a)

Heritability

b)

Stereotype threat

c)

Fluid intelligence

d)

The Flynn effect

486.
According to Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligence's, skill at putting puzzles together, molding sculptures, or any other task that requires the person to understand the physical space that surrounds them.
a)
Spatial
b)
Logical
c)
Interpersonal
d)
Intrapersonal
487.
Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of: 
a)
predictive validity
b)
factor analysis
c)
the g factor
d)
reliability
488.
This persons was the first to investigate intelligence to determine a person's mental age
a)
Lewis Terman
b)
Alfred Binet
c)
Charles Spearman
d)
B.F. Skinner⋰
489.
Of the following, which test is the most widely used intelligence test today?
a)
WAD
b)
Binet-Simon Intelligence Test
c)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
d)
Stanford-Binet test
490.

Because of his accumulated years of knowledge about psychology, Dr. Hernandez has decided that his fiftieth birthday would be the perfect time to begin writing an introductory psychology textbook. It would demonstrate his

a)

factor analysis

b)

fluid intelligence

c)

predictive validity

d)

crystallized intelligence

491.

A person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly (for example, in solving novel logic problems) decreases slowly up to about age 75, then more rapidly, especially after age 85. This type of ability is also known as

a)

factor analysis

b)

factor analysis

c)

crystallized intelligence

d)

fluid intelligence

492.

David Sternberg says there are three types of intelligence. Creative, Practical and ________________.

a)

Analytical

b)

General

c)

Advanced

d)

Basic

493.
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is
a)
a standardized test.
b)
an aptitude test.
c)
an intelligence test.
d)
an achievement test.
494.
Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence for the idea that intelligence is highly heritable?
a)
The IQ scores of parents are positively correlated with the scores of their children
b)
Monozygotic twins separated at birth have extremely similar IQ scores
c)
Dizgotic twins score more similarly on IQ tests than do other sibilings
d)
Different ethnic groups have different average IQ scores
495.
Although her score on the personality test indicated that Mary was devoid of social grace, painfully shy, and frightened of other people, she is extremely popular and outgoing. This personality test lacks
a)
reliability.
b)
standardization.
c)
consistency.
d)
validity.
496.
When intelligence scores are graphed, they should create
a)
an increasing slope
b)
a normal bell curve
c)
an equilateral figure
d)
a negative correlation 
497.
The ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions is called? 
a)
Two-Factor Theory
b)
Emotional Intelligence 
c)
Multiple Intelligences  
d)
Weschler Intelligence 
498.
The formula for IQ is 
a)

chronilogical age x grade / 100

b)

mental age x chronilogical age

c)

mental age / chronological age  x 100

d)

chronological age / mental age  x 100

499.

Academically bright people have better than average success when it comes to marriage, friendships, and jobs.

a)

True

b)

False

500.

If a person has difficulty finding new ways to use a paperclip, psychologists would say that this was a result of

a)

lack of intelligence

b)

egos

c)

dev

d)

functional fixedness

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