first female to earn a psychology PhD

reformed mental institutions in the U.S

1st president on the American Psychological Association

Father of American Psychology (functionalist)

father of modern psychology (structuralist)

used introspection to determine the underlying construction of the mind

analyzes the purpose of behavior

focuses on research and counseling (requires a masters or doctorate)

prescribes medications and diagnoses disorders (requires a masters)

assigns participants to either the control group or the experimental group randomly

method for choosing participants for a study (limits bias)

when the study finds that a different variable is responsible for the correlation

belief of a correlation that doesn't exist

speeds up the action potential and protects the axon

releases neurotransmitters in the neuron, sends signals onto the next neuron

sacs inside the neuron terminal that contain neurotransmitters

which ions move out of the axon?

which ions move into the axon?

these neurons receive signals

these neurons accept signals

these neurons send signals

these neurons help the signal exit

these are the cells in the spinal cord that are responsible for the reflex loop

this is a major inhibitory NT that aims to reduce excitability

this is a major excitatory NT

___ is reward and movement, whereas ___ is mood and emotion

this NS deals with the sympathetic NS arousal

a drug that mimics a NT and increases it's affects

a drug that blocks a NS and decreases its effects

unused NTs are taken back up into the sending neuron (SSRIs block this)

which is the oldest part of the brain

which structures are apart of the hindbrain

this structure controls the vital organs, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.

serves as the bridge between regions, is a part of the brainstem, relays basic functions

Which is part of the midbrain?

responsible for alertness

The limbic system is a part of the forebrain. Which areas are a part of the limbic system?

responsible for reward/pleasure, eating behaviors, and has a link to the endocrine system

relay center for all senses except for smell

outer portion of the brain that is responsible for higher order thought process

controls sensations

controls hearing and facial recognition

experiments done by Sperry and Gazzaniga, an image was shown to the right eye and processed in the left hemisphere

monozygotic twins

dizygotic twins

controlled by the hypothalamus, releases growth hormones

measures brain activity, but is not specific

shows structures of the brain (including tumors)

uses glucose to show brain activity

oxygen is used to show brain activity (shows real time lesions)

controlled processing, totally aware

automatic processing (ex. daydreaming)

Beta Waves

Alpha waves

the circadian rhythm is controlled by

hidden meaning of a dream

obvious storyline of a dream

the brain produces random bursts of energy, stimulating lodged memories in the limbic system, dreams start random and then develop meaning

failure to notice a change in the scene is to ___whereas failure to notice something added because you are so focused on another task is to ___

three cones receiving color (blue, red, green), explains color blindness

when the visual system overwhelms the other systems

motion produced by rapid succession of slightly varying images (animations)

monocular cue that states that overlapping images seem to appear closer

coarser objects appear closer

closer objects appear to move faster than objects that are further away

(binocular cue) image is cast slightly different on each retina, location of image helps us determine depth

(binocular cue) eyes strain inwards as objects draw nearer

processing that goes from the whole part to the smaller parts (seeing a painting, and then noticing the faces)

processing that goes from smaller parts to a whole (ex. seeing a bunch of dots and then noticing that it makes a dog)

theory that the location where the hair cells bend determines the sound (explains higher pitches)

theory that the rate at which action potentials are sent determines the sound (explains low pitches)

sense of balance (semicircular canals in the inner ear effect this)

who is concerned with classical conditioning?

describes the timing of the pairing of a neutral stimulus into the controlled stimulus, the NS/CS must be presented 0.5-1 second before the unconditioned stimulus

process of learning the response pairing between the CS and the CR

describes having the same CR to a similar stimulus

study by Rescorla and Wagner, determined that classical conditioning involves cognitive processing

most connected to operant conditioning

study by John Garcia, determined that innate predispositions can allow classical conditioning to occur in one trial (food poisoning)

study by John Watson, conditioned a fear in a baby, eventually led to behavioral treatments for fear (counterconditioing)

developed by Thorndike, determined that behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened and negative outcomes weaken a behavior

___ adds something to increase a behavior, whereas ___ takes away something to increase a behavior