Rotator cuff provides compression and depression of humeral head while deltoid elevate arm

Combined abduction and lateral rotation must be performed before 3 weeks after anterior shoulder dislocation to avoid joint stiffness

If the humerus is not rotated laterally during abduction is limited to 60 degree

Flexion type supracondylar fracture more common than extension type

In case of radial head fracture during the first week passive range of motion to elbow allowed

The capsular ligaments reinforce the humeral head in the glenoid in the End-range functional position

Ulnar nerve compression one of the causes of lateral elbow pain

If glenohumeral joint doesn't move , abduction is limited to 60°

Reverse scapulohumeral rhythm means that scapula moves more than humerus

Radial nerve passes deep in the antecubital fossa medial to the biceps tendon

Conservative treatment for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) should include TENS as an early management to decrease pain

After immobilization of Colle’s fracture there is limitation extension and supination and radial deviation

During union stage of bone healing either partial or full weight bearing should be avoided

When lever arm is lengthened ,less force is required to generate torque on provide rotation

Power grasp is done with wrist flexion

Recurrent dislocation of shoulder occurs when positioned in internal rotation

Following the application of splints or bandage radial pulse should be taken at the wrist to prevent myositis ossificans complication

Faradism used to stimulate group of muscles if the nerve is conducted or interrupted direct current if there is no nerve conduction

In suspected cases of myositis ossificans the affected area should be rested and elbow flexion

In case of nerve injury muscle contracture by relaxed passive movement in full range of all affected joints

Posterior dislocation of elbow joint due to fall on out stretched hand with elbow extended

Secondary stabilizers are concerned with limiting and protecting at the mid ranges of motion

During normal motion only 1/4 of the humeral head is in contact with the glenoid

A couple is defined as: two parallel forces (f) with equal magnitudes (m) but opposite sense having different lines of action separated by distance (d)

Anterior capsule tightness often demonstrated by loss shoulder internal rotation leads to more superior and anterior translation

In absence of supraspinatus activity, the GH joint can actively move through full ROM of abduction, but the motion tends to lack of strength & endurance

In aerobic exercises the plus rate will be between 40-50 %.

Stretching should be done before exercises only

Tightness of the posterior capsule can cause squeezing between the humerus and the under surface of the acromion

Lack of minerals can lead to muscle cramp

Aerobic training means oxygen dependant with need of oxygen

In the initial phase of injury heat can be used

Training surface or shoes can lead to acute injury

Overuse injury such as sprain or tear

In lateral epicondylitis, pain on resisted wrist flexion and forearm pronation

Medial epicondylitis is less common than lateral epicondylitis and the pathology is in extensor carpi radialis brevis

Volkmann’s ischemic contracture is due to dorsal and radial displacement of the distal fragment of the radius bone

During union stage of bone healing either partial or full weight bearing should be avoided

In swan neck deformity orthosis should block PIP extension

Intermediate stage of injury is from time of injury to pain free ROM

Both anterior and posterior translation of humeral head decreased when long head of biceps is loaded

Supraspinatus tendinosis is inflammation of tendon

Scaphoid bone forms the floor of anatomical snuff box

In case of absence of supraspinatus, then infraspinatus and subscapularis are not sufficient for shoulder elevation

Patient with RSD should concentrate on diet that increase activity of sympathetic nervous system

Range of motion test starts by passive range of motion.

The superior angle of the scapula lies in the same line of T3

Palpation of supraspinatus tendon by external rotation of the shoulder

Sprengel deformity occur due to weakness in the serratus anterior.

Cubital fossa is triangle formed of pronator quadratus and brachioradialis

Levator scapulae arise from transverse process of (C1-C5)

Colle's fracture is a fracture of the distal 2-3 cm of radius in the forearm with volar displacement of distal fragment

Colle's fracture usually in young age

One of the complications of colle's fracture is radial nerve injury

One of the complications of colle's fracture is rapture extensor pollicis brevis

If area of force applied is too small, high pressure result causing discomfort and irritation

In mallet finger, the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis in distal phalanx is ruptured

Madelung deformity is one of complications of colle's fracture

TENS stimulation if non-union in scaphoid fracture is noted by 8^th week

Ice is contraindicated in management of RSD

To palpate the olecranon fossa the elbow must be completely extended

Mobilization is important factor for healing fracture

Supraspinatus tendon is at highest risk for irritation when contact acromion with humerus when humerus abducted to 90 and internally rotated

Rotator cuff tears may result when a sudden eccentric force applied to rotator cuff resulting failure of tendon

Scaphoid plaster cast extend from:

Boxer's fracture

Mobilization technique must be applied in colle's fracture:

In recurrent anterior dislocation of shoulder, the movement that causes dislocation is

Commonest type of lesion causing recurrent shoulder dislocation

  A patient with recurrent dislocation of shoulder present to the hospital. The doctor tries to abduct his arm and to extend the elbow and external rotation, but the patient does not allow to do so. The test is called

Tracing of the long head of biceps brachii can be achieved by

All function of supraspinatus except :

Axillary nerve may be injured in the following situation

Skier thumb

Treatment of UCL tear

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis seen in

Greatest effect for bone formation

  Hamate fracture

Carrying angle is a small degree of cubitus valgus. All of the following findings are related to physical examinations of carrying angle except, select one:

The normal alignment of elbow can be observed by pointing the following bony landmarks, select one:

In analyzing the humeroulnar joint, the closed-packed position of that articulation is, select one:

All of the following findings can be located by palpating the carpal tunnel except, select one:

Examining a patient's hand by sight may reveal deformities most commonly related to prolonged median nerve entrapments like, select one:

The anatomical snuffbox is a triangular depression found on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the hand. By palpation; you can find out its borders as the following arrangements, select one:

Stener's lesion, select one:

Distal ulnar neuritis, select one:

Mechanism of injury in hamate fracture, select one:

Game keeper's thumb, select one:

Intersection syndrome, select one:

Jersey finger, select one:

1. In a case of a frozen shoulder, it might commonly be accompanied by:

In radial tunnel syndrome, the nerve entrapment is:

Which nerve is most injured with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations, Select one :

Guyon's canal is a semi rigid longitudinal canal in the wrist that allows passage of the ulnar nerve into the hand through, select one:

During examination of shoulder from anterior view, the bony structure may be difficult to palpate is:

The primary stabilizers are the following muscles except:

Which of the following clinical characteristics is associated with bicipital tendonitis?

At stages of RSD, dystrophic is:

Bankart's lesion involves, Select one :