WorksheetsPERSTEEE
Total questions: 71
Worksheet time: 38mins
All of the following are reabsorbed by active transport in the tubules except:
Urea
Glucose
Sodium
Chloride
A patient has glocusuria, hyperglycemia, and polyuria. These findings are most consistent with:
renal glucosuria
diabetes mellitus
diabetes insipidus
eating a heavy meal
emotional stress
Which of the following areas of the nephron that is impermeable to water?
PCT
DCT
Descending LH
Ascending LH
Filtration of protein is prevented in the glomerulus by:
Hydrostatic pressure
Oncotic pressure
Renin
Capillary pore
Which part of the nephron is located in the medulla?
Collecting tubule
DCT
PCT
Loop of Henle
Glomerulus
Countercurrent mechanism is facilitated by which of the following vascular component of the kidneys?
Vasa recta
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Glomerulus
The primary analyte affected by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is:
Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Hydrogen
Polyuria is usually correlated with:
diabetes insipidus
acute glomerulonephritis
tubular damage
hepatitis
Glucose will appear in the urine when the:
Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL
Tm for glucose is reached
Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
All of the choices
A patient has glucosuria, hyperglycemia, and polyuria. These findings are most consistent with:
Diabetes mellitus
Renal glucosuria
Emotional stress
Eating a heavy meal
he 24 hour urine volume of a 27 year-old patient is 300 mL. This condition would be termed:
anuria
oliguria
polyuria
dysuria
nocturia
If Hydrogen ion is not produced by the kidney tubules, the urine pH will be:
Acidic
Alkaline
Neutral
Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus are returned to the blood:
In the proximal convoluted tubule
Combined with hydrogen ions
By tubular secretion
All of the choices
The most accurate test to determine renal concentration is the:
osmolarity
glomerular filtration rate
specific gravity
tubular reabsorption rate
Which of the following electrolytes is affected greatly by the Renin-Angiotensin System?
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium
Chloride
Nitrogen
A patient with renal tubular acidosis would most likely excrete a urine with a ____ pH
high
low
variable
neutral
The secretion of renin is influenced by:
Macula densa cells
Angiotensin enzyme
Juxtaglomerular cells
Angiotensin
ADH regulates the final urine concentration by controlling:
Active reabsorption of sodium
Tubular permeability
Passive reabsorption of urea
Passive reabsorption of chloride
Which of the following is the normal renal threshold for glucose in adults?
50 mg/dL
100 mg/dL
160 mg/dL
300 mg/dL
An abdominal fluid is submitted from surgery. The physician is suspecting that the fluid is urine. What should the medical technologist do?
perform a culture
smell the fluid
test for creatinine, and urea
test for pH, glucose, and protein
Which of the following functions is NOT related to the urinary system?
Filtration of blood
Reabsorption of substances
Secretion
Stimulates formation of blood
None of the above
Patients with renal failure typically have no urine output volumes; this is referred to as:
Anuria
Oliguria
Pyuria
Polyuria
Renin is secreted by the nephron in response to:
Low systemic blood pressure
High systemic blood pressure
Oncotic capillary pressure
Increased water retention
The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:
Hydrogen ion secretion
Potassium secretion
Chloride retention
Sodium retention
Which of the following analytes is present in serum but not in the glomerular filtrate?
glucose
amino acids
urea
large molecular weight proteins
When the nephron fails to produce ammonia, the urine will have a:
low specific gravity
Positive nitrite
high pH
positive protein
Positive glucose
Which of the following is the function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
Regulates the excretion of glucose
Regulates the reabsorption of Potasisum
Controls secretion of water
Regulates reabsorption of water
Which of the tubules is impermeable to water?
PCT
Descending loop of Henle
Ascending loop of Henle
DCT
What differentiates tubular reabsorption from tubular secretion in the nephron?
Reabsorption is an active transport process, whereas secretion is a passive transport process.
Cell membrane–binding sites are different for the reabsorption and secretion of a solute.
The direction of movement of the substance being absorbed or secreted is different.
The location of the epithelium in the nephron determines which process occurs.
Glycosuria maybe due to:
hypoglycemia
increased renal threshold
renal tubular dysfunction
increased glomerular filtration rate
An adult patient has a normal renal threshold for glucose of
50 mg/dL
100 mg/dL
160 mg/dL
300 mg/dL
When the urine flow ceases, it is termed as
azotemia
dysuria
nocturia
hepatitis
anuria
Blood flows through the nephron in the following order:
Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole, vasa recta, efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, efferent arteriole,
Efferent arteriole, vasa recta, peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the kidney's ability to regulate blood pH?
Slow regulation response but with complete correction of the pH to normal
Fast regulation response with only partially corrects the pH back to normal
Fast regulation response with complete correction of the pH to normal.
Slow regulation response with only partially corrects the pH back to normal
Blood flow through the nephron follows in what direction?
Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole, ureters, efferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
Afferent arteriole, peritubular glomerular capillaries, efferent arteriole
The countercurrent mechanism takes place in the:
Juxtaglomerular nephrons
Proximal convoluted tubule
Cortical nephrons
Distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following structures is responsible for renal concentration?
pelvis
cortical nephron
juxtamedullary nephron
renal papillae
Which of the following DOES NOT describe the blood vessels of the kidneys?
The afferent arteriole has a narrower lumen than the efferent arteriole.
The arterioles subdivide into a capillary network, rejoin as an arteriole, and subdivide into a second capillary bed.
The vasa recta vessels deep in the renal medulla form the beginning of the venous renal circulation
The arteries are primarily end arteries, supplying specific areas of tissue, and they do not interconnect.
Which of the following composes the glomerular filtration barrier?
capillary endothelium, mesangium, and juxtaglomerular apparatus.
capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes.
basement membrane, podocytes, and juxtaglomerular apparatus.
mesangium, basement membrane, and shield of negativity
The 24 hour urine is affected by which of the following factors?
Hydration
Chronic Kidney Disease
Heart failure
ADH
All of the above
When the body is dehydrated:
ADH production is decreased
ADH production is increased
Urine volume is increased
tubules have decreased permeability to water
A normal urine primarily consists of:
water, protein, sodium
water, urea, NaCl
water, urea, CHON
water, urea, bilirubin
To eliminate H+, this substance is secreted into the tubules:
NaH2PO4
NH4+
Na2HPO4
NH3
Approximately how many nephrons are found in one kidney?
1
1 million
13 million
130, 000
Which of the following is the major functional unit of the kidney?
hilus
nephron
efferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular apparatus
The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a specific gravity of:
1.005
1.010
1.015
1.020
Which of the following is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
1 mL/min
120 mL/min
660 mL/min
1200 mL/min
Secretion of renin is stimulated by:
Juxtaglomerular cells
Angiotensin I and II
Macula densa cells
Which of the following urinary tract structures is responsible for renal concentration?
pelvis
cortical nephrons
papilla
medullary nephrons
Ureter
It is a muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidney to the bladder
It is composed of a tuft of capillaries that filters blood.
bladder
It returns filtered blood into the vena cava.
It stores urine for excretion
pelvis
It is responsible for most of the reabsorption and secretion that occurs in the tubules.
It collects urine from the calyces for transport
cortex
It is comprised of the renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the
nephron.
It is the final site for water reabsorption to make urine more dilute or concentrated.
medulla
It returns filtered blood into the vena cava.
The nephron responsible for the concentration of urine.
artery
It supplies blood to the kidneys
The nephron responsible for the concentration of urine.
vein
It is composed of a tuft of capillaries that filters blood
It returns filtered blood into the vena cava
glomerulus
It is a muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidney to the bladder
It is composed of a tuft of capillaries that filters blood
PCT
It is responsible for most of the reabsorption and secretion that occurs in the tubules.
It collects urine from the calyces for transport
Collecting duct
It is the final site for water reabsorption to make urine more dilute or concentrated.
It is composed of a tuft of capillaries that filters blood.
Beginning with the glomerulus, number the following structures in the order in which the ultrafiltrate travels for processing and excretion in the kidney.
Glomerulus
1
4
Loop of Henle
6
3
Ureter
9
10
Proximal tubule
4
2
Distal tubule
5
2
Calyces
7
8
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
4
6
Renal pelvis
8
6
Collecting tubule
9
6
Bladder
10
11
Urethra
10
11
