What are Alleles

what does homozygous mean

what is heterozygous

what is a chromsome

describe cell divison

the creation of gentically identical offspring by a single parent, without the particliption of sperm and egg

a means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism often a single cell, divides into two gentically identical indviduals of about equal size

what is a chromatin

Two Identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in eukaryotic cell. Prior to mitosis, these remain attatched to each other

the region of a duplicated chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle mircotubes attatch during mitosis and meoiss

an ordered sequence of events that extends from the time eukaryotic cell is first formed from a divinding parent cell until its own divison into two cells

the period in the eukaryotic cell cycle when the cell is not actually dividing it takes most of the time spent in the cell cycle

The part of the cell cycle where the nuclous divdes the chromsomes are distributed to the daughter nuclei

The division of a SINGLE nucleus into two gentically identical nuceli as well as cytokinesis

The divsion of the cytoplasm to form seperate daughter cells (happens with Mitosis)

what are the 4 phases ?

The FIRST stage of mitosis during which the chromatin condenses to form structures visible with a light microscope and the mitoic spindle begins to from

The second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear envolope fragments and the spindle mircrotubles attatchto the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

the third stage of mitosis, during which all the cell's duplicated chromsomes are lined up at the imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

The fourth stage of mitosis,begining when sister chromatids seperate from eacch other and ending when a COMPLETE set of daughter chromsomes arrives at each two poles

The fourth stage while with cytokenisis

a football shaped structure formed of a mircrotubles and assosiated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

Material in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that gives rise to mircotubles

The ceasing of cell divison that occurs when cells touch each other

the requirement that to divide, a cell must be attatched to at a solid surface

a cyclincally operating set of proteins that triggers and coordinates event in the eukaryotic cells

a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body

Use of drugs to destroy cancer cells working by keeping cancer cells from growing, dividing, and masking more cells

Type of treatment for cancer shrink and kill cancer cells ; high-energy beams such as X rays or proteins

What is a tumor ?

An abnormal mass of cells that remains at their orginal site in the body

An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring tissue and to other parts of the body (Cancerous tumor)

The spread of cancer cells beyond their orginal site

cancer that orginates in the coverings of the body. Skin

Cancer of the supportive body tissue such as bone, cartilage and muscle

A type of cancer of the blood forming tissues charcterized by an excessive production of white blood cells and an abrormally high number of them in the blood

Cancer of the tissues that form white blood cells

Any cell in a multicellular organism excepta sperom or egg cell or a cell the devlops into a sperm egg

The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell. same length centrome postion and staining pattern

a chromosome that determines whether an indvidual is male or female

a chromosome not directly involved in determinign the sex of an organism in mammals for example any chromsome other than x or y

in an organism that reproduces sexually a cell containing two homolugus sets of chromsomes, one set inherited from each parent

a sex cell a haploid egg or sperm a haploid egg or sperm the union of these two of oppisotes sex produces a zygote

in the life cycle of an organsim that reproduces sexually a cell containing a single set of chromsomes an n cell

in sexually reproducing orgnaism the divison of a single diploid of a single diploud nucelous into four haploid daughter nuckei. meiosis and cytokemisis produce halpoid gamtes from diploid cells in the reproductive organs of the parents

The exchange of segments between chromatids of homologous chromsomes during the synopsis in prophasei of meiosis also the exchange of segemts between DNA molecules in prokaryotics

Does crossing over affect genetic varation ? why or why not

what is considered a normal chromsome count for body cells and gamtes ?

a displau of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell, arranged by size and centrome postion these may be used to identify certain chromsomal abnormalites

a human genetic disorder resulting from the presence of an eextra chromosme 21 can be charcterized by heart and respitory defects and varying degrees of mental retardation

an accident of meoisis or mitosis in which pair of homologus chromosome or a pair of sister chromatids fail to seperate at anaphase

The loss of one or more nuceleotides from gene by mutation the loss of a fragment of a chromeosme

repetition of part of a chromosome resulting from fusion with a fragments from a homelougous chromosome can result from an error in meiosis or from multgenesis

the attachement of a chromsomal fragment to a nohhomlougous

number of a normal humans chromosomes

what do cell check points do?

whats the difference between meiosis l and meiosis ll

proteins from which organelles are sythesized are produced. What G phase is it?

Cell checks the duplicted chromomes for error making any repairs that are needed the cell continues to increase in size what phase is it?

what happens in the m check point

What is s and what occurs here?

what is the G0 phase