that employ power supplied by forces other than that coming from humans

refers to large,

complex tools and machines that is designed to

do a particular job

equipment which is very

large and very powerful

made by mixing portland cement, sand,

and water

a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is

rarely used because of its slow rate of hardening and low

compressive strength

a cement mortar to which lime is

added to increase its plasticity and water retentivity

a proprietary mix of Portland cement

and other ingredients, as hydrated lime, plasticizers, air

entraining agents, and gypsum, requiring only the addition

of sand and water to make cement mortar

fig 1:

wood sticks or boards nailed horizontally at the stake which serve as the horizontal plane where the reference point of the building measurements are established

fig 2:

wooden sticks used as posts sharpened at one end driven into the

ground to serve as boundaries or supports of the batter boards

0% ventilating; consists

of a frame and stationary sash

100% ventilating;

has operating sashes that are hinged,

swinging outward

100%

ventilating; has operating sashes that

swing outward on hinges attached to the

top of the frame

50% ventilating; Has 2

or more sashes, of which at least 1 slides

along a track

50% ventilating;

has 2 vertically sliding sashes, each in

separate tracks, closing different parts of

the window

Shoring is a process of transferring a portion of the

load of the wall to temporary footings and done when the

excavation does not go much below the adjoining footings

and when the material is fairly solid.

Leveling and Grading is the process of digging

the earth to provide a place for the foundation of the building.

receptacles for the runoff of surface water. They have a basin

or sump that retains heavy sediment before it can pass into an underground drainpipe

are drains or channels passing under a road or walkway

Tile or piping for the collection of sub surface water, dispersion of septic

tank effluent, and the like

 a hollow tile, usually laid end to end as piping (with open joints) in soil in

order to drain water saturated soil, or used to permit fluid in the hollow-tile

pipe to disperse into the ground (as in an absorption field)

consists of an underground network of piping for conveying groundwater

to a point of disposal, as a storm sewer system or a natural outfall at a

lower elevation on the site. Excess groundwater can reduce the load

carrying capacity of a foundation soil and increase the hydrostatic

pressure on a building foundation. Waterproofing is required for basement

structures situated close to or below the water table of a site.

refers to the grading and surfacing of a site in order to divert rain and

other surface water into natural drainage patterns or a municipal

storm sewer system. Grass and lawn areas are sloped 1.5% to 10%;

while paved parking areas, 2% to 3%. A holding pond may be

necessary when the amount of surface runoff exceeds the capacity

of the storm sewer system

shallow depressions formed by the intersection of two ground slopes,

designed to direct or divert the runoff of surface water. Grass swales slope

1.5% to 2%; while paved swales, 4% to 6%

receptacle designed to collect surface water or rainwater from an open area