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Resources 5.7A, 5.9D and 4.7C

Total questions: 48

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement best describes the processes of weathering and erosion?

a)

Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the breakdown of any type of rock into smaller particles and the carrying away of the loose sediments.

b)

Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for depositing loose sediments on the bottom of the ocean, forming layers of sediment.

c)

Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the amount of water in a river that transports sediments to the sea.

d)

Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the transportation, deposition and compaction of loose sediments on the seafloor.

2.

Which diagram models the process of compaction leading to the formation of Sedimentary Rock?

a)

F

b)

G

c)

H

d)

J

3.

Erosion is one of the processes involved in the formation of Sedimentary Rock. Which of these best describes the process of erosion?

a)

Rocks are broken into smaller pieces that remain in the same location.

b)

Pressure compacts layers of sediment and turns them into rock.

c)

Pieces of rock or soil are carried from one place to another.

d)

Sediment grains fall to the bottom of a lake to form Sedimentary Rock.

4.

Some students make a model to show one of the first steps in the formation of sedimentary rock. The students pour 2 centimeters of light-colored sand into a clear plastic box. Then they add 1 centimeter of gravel. Finally they pour 2 centimeters of dark-colored sand on top of the gravel. Which characteristic of sedimentary rock does this model best show?

a)

Sedimentary rock is made of layers.

b)

Sedimentary rock is cemented bits of rock.

c)

Sedimentary rock is often limestone.

d)

Sedimentary rock is common in Texas.

5.

The model below shows layers of sediment on the floor of an ocean. Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

a)

Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock.

b)

The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock.

c)

Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock.

d)

Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock.

6.

The diagram below shows the sequence of the processes that turn solid rock into sandstone. Which two processes best complete this diagram?

a)

Melting and cooling

b)

Erosion and compaction

c)

Compaction and cementation

d)

Evaporation and dissolving

7.

Sedimentary rocks form when broken bits of other rock are deposited and then –

a)

buried and squeezed and cemented together.

b)

melted by the heat of the Earth’s core.

c)

completely dissolved in salt water in the ocean.

d)

used by humans as a natural resource.

8.

In addition to long periods of time, all of the following are necessary for the formation of sedimentary rock EXCEPT

a)

extreme heat.

b)

organic matter.

c)

various sediment.

d)

intense pressure.

9.

Several layers of sedimentary rock are illustrated. They are in the same order as when they first formed. Which layer formed first?

a)

Rock Layer W

b)

Rock Layer X

c)

Rock Layer Y

d)

Rock Layer Z

10.

Which of the following is a process that creates the sediments that form sedimentary rock?

a)

Wind, water, and ice breaking rock into smaller pieces

b)

Heat from the earth melting rock below the surface

c)

Volcanoes putting out lava that cools to form new rock

d)

Continents pushing together to fold layers of rock

11.

Which of the following locations would most likely produce sedimentary rock after much time has passed?

a)

A beach where sand is being deposited

b)

A mountain that receives snow year round

c)

A volcano that erupts frequently

d)

A rocky desert that is windy all the time

12.

Small particles of broken down rock can be formed into sedimentary rock when they are buried and then -

a)

melted completely because of extreme heat.

b)

compressed and cemented together.

c)

pushed upward and exposed to wind and water.

d)

contaminated by underground nuclear material.

13.

Most sedimentary rock forms in the ocean. This is because oceans -

a)

emit much less pollution than most other habitats

b)

receive the majority of the Sun's energy

c)

have fewer plants and animals than on land

d)

are where most bits of broken rock get deposited

14.

Which of the following describes the formation of sedimentary rocks in the correct order?

a)

Weathering, Erosion, Compaction, Deposition, Cementation

b)

Weathering, Cementation, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction

c)

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

d)

Weathering, Deposition, Erosion, Compaction, Cementation

15.

Which of the following correctly completes the Sedimentary Rock Cycle?

a)

A = Compaction, B = Erosion, C = Cementation

b)

A = Erosion, B = Compaction, C = Cementation

c)

A = Cementation, B = Compaction, C = Erosion

d)

A = Erosion, B = Cementation, C = Compaction

16.

What is a fossil?

a)

The preserved remains of a dead plant or animal found in a rock

b)

Fuels that formed from the decayed remains of plants and animals

c)

A solid natural material that has a crystal form and its own set of properties

d)

A resource that can replace itself in a relatively short period of time

17.

Most fossils are found in –

a)

frozen rock

b)

igneous rock

c)

sedimentary rock

d)

metamorphic rock

18.

Which layer of sedimentary rock is the oldest?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

19.

What type of environment existing when this imprint of a fern leaf was created?

a)

Desert

b)

Forest

c)

Ocean

d)

Tundra

20.

Which layer of sedimentary rock is the youngest (newest)?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

21.

This diagram represents the layers of the earth and fossils found in each layer. Based on the drawing, which imprint is the oldest?

a)

Freshwater clam shells

b)

Fish bones

c)

Fern imprints

d)

Leaf imprints

22.

Based on the image, what type of environment did this organism live in?

a)

This organism lived in an ocean.

b)

This organism lived in a river.

c)

This organism lived on land.

d)

This organism lived in a lake.

23.

The diagram represents the layers found inside a rocky cliff. The rock layers contain fossils. Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest?

a)

The layer containing trilobites.

b)

The layer containing fishes.

c)

The layer containing amphibians.

d)

The layer containing mammals.

24.

This table gives information for different kinds of fossils. Finding which kind of fossil would lead to the conclusion that the area where it was found was, long ago, under hundreds of meters of salt water?

a)
b)
c)
d)
25.

Finding fossils in an area can help us learn what about that location?

a)

Which places in the region receive the most sunlight

b)

The effect of the climate on the formation of soil

c)

How modern plants and animals interact there

d)

The kinds of organisms that lived there long ago

26.

This table gives information on different fossils. According to the information on the table, finding which fossil in a region would lead to the conclusion that the area was, long ago, covered with trees?

a)
b)
c)
d)
27.

This rock contains fossils of water plants and shells. What does this tell us about the rock?

a)

The rock contains many living things

b)

The rock needs to be cleaned with water

c)

The rock is heavier than most rocks

d)

The rock was once at the bottom of the sea

28.

The picture shows a rock found in Texas. Which of the following best illustrates that the rock was formed from ocean sediments?

a)

The number of fossils in the rock

b)

The size of the fossils in the rock

c)

The place where the rock was found

d)

The type of fossils in the rock

29.

An ancient fossil of a fish was found in a dry area. What does this suggest about how this area used to look?

a)

The land was a dense forest

b)

The land was a dry dessert

c)

There was once water in the area

d)

The fossil was moved because there could not have been water there in the past

30.

Fossil trees were discovered in a sedimentary rock layer. In the rock layer below are fossils of clams, similar to clams that are currently found on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. Based on this evidence, we could conclude that the area where the fossils were discovered had what sequence of climates in the past?

a)

Beach, followed by a forest

b)

Rocky and dry, then very moist

c)

Forest, and later a mountain

d)

Very cold area, then much warmer

31.

The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rock in the Earth’s crust. In which layer of rock should a scientist expect to find the oldest fossils?

a)

Layer M

b)

Layer N

c)

Layer O

d)

Layer P

32.
Fossils can provide evidence of how life has changed over time, how Earth's surface has changed, and clues about what past environments were like.
a)
True
b)
False
33.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
34.
What is the correct order of the rock layers from oldest to youngest?
a)
F, E, C, B, A, D
b)
A, B, C, D, E, F
c)
F, E, D, C, B, A
d)
D, F, E, C, B, A
35.

How do scientists learn about dinosaurs?

a)

by studying fossils

b)

by reading about them

c)

by watching movies

d)

by looking at pictures

36.

A resource is considered renewable if it -

a)

can be created only over millions of years.

b)

is made of Earth's materials like rocks and minerals.

c)

can be replaced in a relatively short amount of time.

d)

is useful to humans in making energy and materials.

37.

Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

a)

paper

b)

coal

c)

milk

d)

water

38.

Students were asked to generate a list that contained nothing but renewable resources. Which student was the only one to make a correct list?

a)

student A

b)

student B

c)

student C

d)

student D

39.

Using public transportation, like trains and buses, rather than cars helps conserve nonrenewable resources because public transportation -

a)

requires the removal of trees to make roads and tracks.

b)

needs more water to maintain than the same number of cars.

c)

uses less fossil fuels to move people from place to place.

d)

involves using much more paper for printed materials.

40.

A student created a chart classifying resources as renewable or non-renewable, but has made a mistake. Which resources should actually be classified an non-renewable and why?

a)

Animals, because they grow old and die.

b)

Plants, because there are so many kinds.

c)

Minerals, since they are replaced very slowly.

d)

Wind, because sometimes the wind does not blow.

41.

To save and use a resource carefully.

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

c)

conservation

d)

resource

42.

A resource that can be replaced in a human lifetime.

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

c)

conservation

d)

resource

43.

A resource that cannot be replaced in a human lifetime.

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

c)

conservation

d)

resource

44.

Something used on Earth.

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

c)

conservation

d)

resource

45.

Paper that you write on:

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

46.

Pencil that you write with:

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

47.

Gasoline you put in the car:

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

48.

Water you swim in:

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable