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Anatomy & Physiology Finals Review

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Blood leaving the superior vena cava enters which heart chamber?

a)

right ventricle

b)

right atrium

c)

left ventricle

d)

left atrium

2.

Blood entering an artery has just left which heart chamber? (click all that apply)

a)

left ventricle

b)

left atrium

c)

right ventricle

d)

right atrium

3.

Blood returning from the lung enters which heart chamber?

a)

left atrium

b)

left ventricle

c)

right atrium

d)

right ventricle

4.

Which of the following is an inflammation of a vein?

a)

gangrene

b)

phlebitis

c)

varicose veins

d)

an aneurysm

5.

Which of the following is a condition in which blood pools in the veins because the valves have become incompetent?

a)

phlebitis

b)

gangrene

c)

an aneurysm

d)

varicose veins

6.

What is a condition in which an artery has become abnormally widened because of a weakness in the arterial wall?

a)

ischemia

b)

phlebitis

c)

gangrene

d)

aneurysm

7.

Blood pressure is highest in the

a)

large veins

b)

large arteries

c)

small veins

d)

capillaries

8.

Which blood vessel muscle layer is usually thicker in the arteries than in veins?

a)

tunica externa

b)

tunica intima

c)

tunica media

d)

endothelium

9.

Blood moves through blood vessels in which of the following sequences, starting from the heart?

a)

arterioles ® arteries ® capillaries ® vein s® venules

b)

arteries ® arterioles ® capillaries ® venules ® veins

c)

arteries ® arterioles ® venules ® capillaries ® veins

d)

arteries ® capillaries ® veins ® arterioles ® venules

10.

The first blood vessel of pulmonary circulation is the

a)

pulmonary artery

b)

pulmonary vein

c)

aorta

d)

superior vena cava

11.

Which of the following is not true of veins?

a)

They receive blood from venules.

b)

The endothelium has one-way valves.

c)

They have a thinner tunica media than arteries.

d)

They carry blood away from the heart.

12.

A large area of necrosis that has progressed to decay is called

a)

an aneurysm

b)

phlebitis

c)

gangrene

d)

ischemia

13.

The first blood vessel of systemic circulation is the

a)

superior vena cava

b)

aorta

c)

inferior vena cava

d)

pulmonary artery

14.

The fetus receives antibodies from the mother that last several weeks after birth. This is an example of _____ immunity.

a)

artificial passive

b)

natural passive

c)

artificial active

d)

natural active

15.

The condition in which tissues exhibit swelling because of an accumulation of lymph is called

a)

lymphadenitis

b)

lymphoma

c)

lymphedema

d)

Hodgkin disease

16.

Which abdominal structure is the largest of the lymphatic organs?

a)

pharyngeal tonsils

b)

spleen

c)

palatine tonsils

d)

thymus

17.

Veins in the circulatory system and veins in the lymphatic system have all of the following in common except they

a)

carry fluid back toward the heart

b)

have one-way valves

c)

drain into the thoracic duct

d)

All of the above are true of both veins of the circulatory system and veins of the lymphatic system.

18.

Blood capillaries and lymph capillaries have all the following in common except

a)

they are microscopic

b)

the fluid in them continues to recirculate through the same vessels

c)

they are made of endothelial tissue

d)

All of the above are true of both blood capillaries and lymph capillaries.

19.

Which lymphatic system structure in the mediastinum helps T lymphocytes mature?

a)

palatine tonsils

b)

pharyngeal tonsils

c)

spleen

d)

thymus

20.

If you are exposed to hepatitis A and have not been vaccinated against it, you may receive antibodies from another person. This is an example of _____ immunity.

a)

artificial passive

b)

natural active

c)

artificial active

d)

natural passive

21.

Getting a flu shot to protect against the flu is an example of _____ immunity.

a)

natural active

b)

artificial passive

c)

artificial active

d)

natural passive

22.

If you have had the chickenpox once, you will not get chickenpox again. This is an example of __________ immunity.

a)

artificial passive

b)

artificial active

c)

natural passive

d)

natural active

23.

Which structures are also referred to as adenoids?

a)

pharyngeal tonsils

b)

lingual tonsils

c)

palatine tonsils

d)

None of the above structures are referred to as adenoids.

24.

Which structure does not drain into the nasal cavity?

a)

eustachian tube

b)

ethmoid sinus

c)

frontal sinus

d)

lacrimal sacs

25.

Which of the following is not a respiratory organ?

a)

nose

b)

diaphragm

c)

bronchi

d)

larynx

26.

The movement of air into and out of the lung is called

a)

internal respiration

b)

cellular respiration

c)

pulmonary ventilation

d)

external respiration

27.

The functions of the respiratory mucosa is to (click all that apply)

a)

help trap contaminants found in inspired air

b)

act as a thin barrier between the blood capillaries and alveoli

c)

help humidify inspired air

d)

assists in the production of mucus for the respiratory tract.

28.

The exchange of gases between the lung and the blood is called

a)

external respiration

b)

pulmonary ventilation

c)

cellular respiration

d)

internal respiration

29.

Which condition results from an infection by a yeastlike fungal organism?

a)

periodontitis

b)

dental caries

c)

gingivitis

d)

thrush

30.

The order of the segments of the small intestine from the stomach to the large intestine is which of the following?

a)

ileum, jejunum, duodenum

b)

duodenum, ileum, jejunum

c)

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

d)

jejunum, duodenum, ileum

31.

Which of the following is not true of vitamins?

a)

They can act as antioxidants.

b)

Too little or too much of a vitamin can be harmful.

c)

They are inorganic molecules.

d)

They attach to enzymes to help them function.

32.

The body is unable to store which of the following vitamins?

a)

vitamin K

b)

vitamin C

c)

vitamin A

d)

vitamin D

33.

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

a)

It occurs in the mitochondria.

b)

One of its end products is carbon dioxide.

c)

It is the last step in carbohydrate metabolism.

d)

It requires oxygen.

34.

Which of the following is not considered part of metabolism?

a)

assimilation

b)

catabolism

c)

anabolism

d)

All of the above are part of metabolism.

35.

Which is the only hormone that can reverse hyperglycemia?

a)

hydrocortisone

b)

growth hormone

c)

glucagon

d)

insulin

36.

Which type of heat loss occurs when liquid water turns to water vapor?

a)

evaporation

b)

convection

c)

radiation

d)

conduction

37.

The condition scurvy results from a lack of vitamin

a)

E

b)

A

c)

K

d)

C

38.

Which of the following is a rise in body temperature that is used to help the immune system fight a pathogen?

a)

malignant hyperthermia

b)

fever

c)

hypothermia

d)

heat exhaustion

39.

Which statement about minerals is untrue?

a)

They are inorganic substances.

b)

They are as important as vitamins.

c)

Unlike vitamins, large amounts of minerals are not harmful.

d)

They assist in the function of enzymes.

40.

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

a)

detoxifying bacterial toxins

b)

detoxifying certain drugs

c)

storing iron

d)

All of the above are functions of the liver.

41.

____________ is often used to describe the type of urine loss associated with laughing, coughing, or heavy lifting, and is common in women after pregnancy or when pelvic floor is weakened. 

a)

reflex incontinence

b)

suppressive incontinence

c)

stress incontinence

d)

overflow incontinence

42.

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

a)

removing waste products from the blood

b)

maintaining the proper electrolyte balance in the blood

c)

maintaining the proper pH level of the blood

d)

All are functions of the urinary system.

43.

Blood flowing through the glomeruli exerts pressure, and this glomerular blood pressure is high enough to push water and dissolved substances through the glomerular-capsular membrane.  This blood plasma moving from the glomerulus to the Bowman capsule is called ________________.

a)

secretion

b)

filtration

c)

micturition

d)

resorption

44.

The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called

a)

filtration

b)

micturition

c)

resorption

45.

Glycosuria is a failure in

a)

secretion

b)

micturition

c)

filtration

d)

resorption

46.

Which group of people has the highest percentage of body water?

a)

babies

b)

the elderly

c)

young adult females

d)

young adult males

47.

Hyponatremia is a(n) _____-normal level of _____ in the blood.

a)

above; sodium

b)

below; calcium

c)

below; potassium

d)

below; sodium

48.

Which of the following is not considered a major factor for controlling plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid?

a)

the concentration of electrolytes in extracellular fluid

b)

the concentration of protein in the blood

c)

the absorption of fluid by the small intestine

d)

All of the above are major factors for controlling plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid.

49.

Loss of skin elasticity is a clinical sign of

a)

hypersecretion of aldosterone

b)

edema

c)

over hydration

d)

dehydration

50.

Which of the following is not considered part of the extracellular fluid?

a)

interstitial fluid

b)

lymph

c)

plasma

d)

All of the above are considered extracellular fluid.

51.

Which type of body tissue contains the least amount of water?

a)

muscle tissue

b)

adipose tissue

c)

bone tissue

d)

nerve tissue

52.

Hyperkalemia is a(n) _____-normal level of _____ in the blood.

a)

above; sodium

b)

above; calcium

c)

above; potassium

d)

below; sodium

53.

Fluid balance means that the total volume and distribution of water in the body remain relatively constant and within normal limits.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

Which of the following organs do not contribute to fluid output?

a)

skin

b)

kidneys

c)

lungs

d)

skeletal muscles

55.

Which group of people has the lowest percentage of body water?

a)

young adult males

b)

babies

c)

the elderly

d)

young adult females

56.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Venous blood is slightly acidic and arterial blood is slightly basic.

b)

Arterial blood and venous blood are slightly acid.

c)

Arterial blood is slightly acidic and venous blood is slightly basic.

d)

Arterial blood and venous blood are slightly alkaline.

57.

A solution with a pH of 5 is considered an acid.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

Which of the following body fluids has the lowest pH?

a)

arterial blood

b)

saliva

c)

stomach acid

d)

venous blood

59.

Anything that decreases respiration will eventually cause alkalosis.

a)

True

b)

False

60.

Which of the following body fluids has the highest pH?

a)

urine

b)

arterial blood

c)

stomach acid

d)

venous blood

61.

Venous blood is the body fluid with the highest pH.

a)

True

b)

False

62.

The lungs work more rapidly to stabilize pH than do the kidneys.

a)

True

b)

False

63.

A solution with a pH of 3

a)

is an acid solution

b)

is an alkaline solution

c)

has more OH– ions than H+ ions

d)

none of the above

64.

The function of a buffer pair is to convert a strong acid into a weak acid.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

A solution with a pH of 9

a)

is an acid solution

b)

is an alkaline solution

c)

has more OH– ions than H+ ions

d)

none of the above

66.

The function of testosterone is to

a)

masculinize the male

b)

promote and maintain the development of the male accessory organs

c)

stimulate protein anabolism

d)

All of the above are functions of testosterone

67.

Which of the following is not another name for the uterine tubes?

a)

oviduct

b)

fimbriae

c)

fallopian tubes

d)

All of the above are alternate names for the uterine tubes.

68.

The muscular layer of the uterus is called the

a)

endometrium

b)

cervix

c)

myometrium

d)

fundus

69.

The reproductive cells are called

a)

ovum

b)

sperm

c)

gametes

d)

all of the above

70.

The function of the midpiece of the sperm is to

a)

propel the sperm

b)

store enzymes to help break down the covering of the ovum

c)

store mitochondria to supply energy to the sperm

d)

reduce the number of chromosomes from 46 to 23

71.

The part of the uterus that lies above the point where the uterine tubes attach is called the

a)

cervix

b)

fundus

c)

body

d)

myometrium

72.

The essential organ of the male reproductive system is the

a)

testis

b)

prostate gland

c)

penis

d)

All of the above are essential organs.

73.

The hormone progesterone

a)

is produced by the corpus luteum

b)

causes the development of the secondary sex characteristics

c)

is responsible for the development of the female body contours

d)

All of the above are true of progesterone.

74.

Which of the following is not a function of estrogen?

a)

development and maturation of the female reproductive organs

b)

initiation of the first menstrual cycle

c)

appearance of pubic hair and breast development

d)

All of the above are functions of estrogen

75.

The hormone that stimulates spermatogenesis is

a)

luteinizing hormone

b)

follicle-stimulating hormone

c)

androgenic hormone

d)

testosterone

76.

The time from the onset of uterine contractions to the complete dilation of the cervix is the _____ stage of labor.

a)

fourth

b)

first

c)

third

d)

second

77.

The process of the expulsion of the placenta occurs in the _____ stage of labor.

a)

second

b)

fourth

c)

third

d)

first

78.

Which structure is a solid ball of cells that forms about 3 days after fertilization?

a)

morula

b)

embryo

c)

zygote

d)

blastocyst

79.

The time from maximal cervical dilation until the baby exits through the vagina is the _____ stage of labor.

a)

first

b)

third

c)

fourth

d)

second

80.

Fraternal twins

a)

are the result of two fertilized eggs

b)

must be of the same sex

c)

must have the same blood type

d)

All of the above are true.

81.

Fertilization usually occurs in the

a)

outer third of the oviduct near the ovary

b)

ovarian follicle

c)

uterus

d)

inner third of the oviduct near the uterus

82.

Which of the following is not a function of the placenta?

a)

acting as the nutrient bridge between mother and baby

b)

acting as an excretory organ

c)

acting as an endocrine organ

d)

All of the above are functions of the placenta.

83.

Which of the following terms refers to a fertilized ovum?

a)

morula

b)

blastocyst

c)

zygote

d)

embryo

84.

The sequence of development for the fertilized egg is

a)

fertilization, zygote, morula, blastocyst, and implantation

b)

fertilization, zygote, morula, implantation, and blastocyst

c)

fertilization, zygote, blastocyst, morula, and implantation

d)

fertilization, zygote, blastocyst, implantation, and morula

85.

Identical twins (click all that apply)

a)

are the result of a single fertilized egg

b)

usually share an umbilical cord

c)

usually share a placenta

d)

have the same genetic code

86.

Which of the following is a chart that illustrates the genetic relationship in a family over several generations?

a)

plasmid

b)

karyotype

c)

pedigree

d)

Punnett square

87.

Which of the following is a grid used to determine the probability of inheriting a genetic trait?

a)

pedigree

b)

Punnett square

c)

karyotype

d)

plasmid

88.

A mechanism that helps ensure genetic variation is

a)

sperm cells not sharing the same genome

b)

egg cells not sharing the same genome

c)

crossing-over

d)

all of the above

89.

During cell division, each strand of chromatin coils to form a

a)

gene

b)

messenger RNA

c)

chromosome

d)

all of the above

90.

The scientific study of inheritance is called genetics.

a)

True

b)

False

91.

The process by which gametes have their chromosome number reduced by half is called

a)

linkage

b)

crossing-over

c)

mitosis

d)

meiosis

92.

Another term for a chromatin strand is a gene.

a)

True

b)

False

93.

The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called the

a)

genome

b)

karyotype

c)

chromosomes

d)

All the bove

94.

Which of the following can be a genetic mutagen?

a)

radiation

b)

virus

c)

chemicals

d)

All of the above

95.

The structure that divides the chromosome into longer and shorter segments is called the

a)

genome

b)

centromere

c)

mitochondria

d)

centrioles

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