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AP Review - Schools of Psychology & Research Methods

Total questions: 63

Worksheet time: 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The unconscious mind influences everything we do.
a)
Biological perspective
b)
Behavioral perspective
c)
Cognitive perspective
d)
Psychodynamic perspective
2.
If a child is behaving poorly, it is likely because this behavior has been rewarded somehow.
a)
Social-cultural perspective
b)
Behavioral perspective
c)
Biological perspective
d)
Psychodynamic perspective
3.
Anxiety is the result of repressed traumatic childhood experiences.
a)
Psychodymanic perspective
b)
Cognitive perspective
c)
Behavioral perspective
d)
Biological perspective
4.
An imbalance of hormones can contribute to aggressive behavior.
a)
Biological perspective
b)
Psychodynamic perspective
c)
Humanistic perspective
d)
Cognitive perspective
5.
"Change your thoughts, change your life."
a)
Behavioral perspective
b)
Cognitive perspective
c)
Biological perspective
d)
Psychodynamic perspective
6.
Which perspective would be most likely to state behavior is motivated by self-actualization and the promise of human potential?
a)
Evolutionary
b)
Humanistic
c)
Biochemical 
d)
Sociocultural
7.
Who is known as the "Father of Psychology?"
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Wilhelm Wundt
c)
William James
d)
John Locke
8.
Which type of psychologist would most likely study a subject group from kindergarten to adulthood?
a)
Human-Factors
b)
Clinical
c)
Neuro
d)
Developmental
9.
What type of psychologist is most likely interested in conditions that lead to the greatest conformity?
a)
developmental
b)
cognitive
c)
social
d)
human-factors
10.

Father of Functionalism

a)

William James

b)

Wilhelm Wundt

c)

BF Skinner

d)

Sigmund Freud

11.

Father of psychoanalysis

a)

Freud

b)

Skinner

c)

James

d)

Pavlov

12.

Human behavior is a result of survival of the fittest.

a)

Behavioral

b)

Evolutionary

c)

Neuroscience

d)

Humanistic

13.

Behavior is influenced by the effects of reinforcements and punishments.

a)

Social Cultural

b)

Behavioral

c)

Neuroscience

d)

Psychodynamic

14.

Titchener believed that psychology should study the basic elements of conscious experience and belonged to which school of thought?

a)

Behaviorism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Humanism

d)

Structuralism

15.

Who wrote the first psychology textbook, was the first American psychologist, and believed psychology should study the functions of consciousness?

a)

G. Stanley Hall

b)

John Watson

c)

William James

d)

Willhelm Wundt

16.
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
a)
First female president of APA
b)
First woman author of a psychology book
c)
First woman to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
d)
Wife of G. Stanley Hall
17.
Who was Margaret Floy Washburn?
a)
First female to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
b)
Studied with Mary Calkins at the APA
c)
Studied under Willhelm Wundt
d)
Used strenuous mental testing on humans
18.

"Know thyself" was the Greek philosopher Socrates' phrase that eventually becomes what?

a)

behavior

b)

introspection

c)

cognitive activities

d)

the biological perspective

19.

Which psychologist creates the theories behind classical conditioning?

a)

Wilhelm Wundt

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

William James

20.
What is the definition of psychology?
a)
Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
b)
Study of behavior and logic
c)
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
d)
Study of how how our influences affect us
21.

Associate the following with the correct perspective: Thinking skills, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky.

a)

Cognitive Approach

b)

Biological Approach

c)

Psychodynamic Approach

d)

Humanistic Approach

22.

John lock theorized the mind is like a blank slate he called this

a)

Tabula Rasa

b)

Arbeit Macht Frei

c)

E pluribus unum

d)

Hasta la vista

23.

What early perspective did not care about the "parts" of the mind but rather how the mind adapts to what we need to survive?

a)

introspection

b)

structuralism

c)

functionalism

d)

empiricism

24.

When people are asked to respond to a series of questions about a particular subject, they are taking part in a

a)

sample

b)

target population

c)

experiment

d)

survey

25.

A _________ is a part of your target population.

a)

sample

b)

hypothesis

c)

replication

d)

control group

26.

In a ________________ a group of participants are observed at intervals over a long period of time.

a)

testing method

b)

longitudinal study

c)

case study method

27.

Because of unethical experiments in the past, psychologists now must inform the people involved in the experiment what the experiment is about and must obtain their agreement to participate. This is most closely associated with the research principle of:

a)

Informed Consent

b)

Deformed Consent

c)

Contractual Agreements

d)

Just Say "Yes"

28.

a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things is known as:

a)

Mutualicity

b)

A cremation

c)

A causation

d)

A correlation

29.

When a person is taking a fake or inert substance and believes that it is helping them, this is known as:

a)

The Placebo Effect

b)

The Butterfly Effect

c)

The International Effect

d)

The Perception Effect

30.

You have received some confidential information. It means you

a)

must tell everyone about it.

b)

cannot tell everyone about it.

c)

can tell everyone about it if they ask.

31.
You psychology professor wants to describe the average score on your first psychology test.  Which measure of central tendency is your professor most likely to use? 
a)
mean
b)
median
c)
mode 
d)
harmonic mean
32.
In a strongly skewed distribution, the best indicator of central tendency is usually the
a)
mean
b)
median
c)
mode
d)
standard deviation
33.

When scores are "bunched up"in the center of a distribution, the

a)

mean will be relatively low

b)

standard deviation will be relatively low

c)

correlation coefficiaent will be a negative number

d)

standard deviation will be relatively high

34.
The standard deviation
a)
indicates the average difference between each score in a group and the mean for that group of scores
b)
reveals the degree of skew for a a group of scores 
c)
is sensitive to scores at the extremes of a distribution of scores
d)
is used to determine whether a data set is positively or negatively skewed
35.
The symmetric, bell shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many human characteristics are dispersed in the population is known as
a)
scatter plot
b)
normal distribution
c)
frequency polygon
d)
histogram
36.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
37.
Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest relationship between variables?
a)
-0.78
b)
0.67
c)
0.85
d)
-0.87
38.
In a study of the effect of a driver training program on driving skill, a possible operationalisation of the dependent variable would be...
a)
driving quality
b)
number of accidents
c)
hours spent training
d)
amount of traffic
39.
Which kind of study can establish a cause-effect relationship between variables, assuming that the research is appropriate and well conceived?
a)
survey
b)
case study
c)
correlational study
d)
experiment
40.
The population in a research study is...
a)
the whole group of research interest.
b)
the smaller group that has been chosen from the group of research interest.
c)
exactly the same as the sample.
d)
always smaller than the sample.
41.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
42.
This research method is a technique for ascertaining the self – reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
43.

What is a hypothesis?

a)

an educated guess

b)

an absolute solution

c)

a random guess

d)

an experiment

44.

What is a theory?

a)

a guess on how something works

b)

a tested conclusion accepted as true

c)

a story explaining how the world works

d)

an assumption

45.
"Monday Morning Quarterback" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games.  This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle?
a)
Overconfidence
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Intuition
d)
Illusory Correlation
46.
Mary watches several different species of birds to discover how they feed their young in their habitat, without being intrusive. This would be an example of what type of study?
a)
Case study
b)
Naturalistic observation
c)
Survey
d)
Experiment
47.
When people have the tendency to think they know more than they do
a)
Intuition
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Perceiving order in random events
48.
An experiment where neither the participants nor the experimenter know who has received the treatment, until the experiment has concluded, is known as what?
a)
Random Experiment
b)
Single-blind Experiment
c)
Stratified Experiment
d)
Double-blind Experiment
49.
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
a)
Experimental condition
b)
Control condition
c)
Independent variable
d)
Dependent variable
50.
____________Studies is research gathering info from different age groups at the same time
a)
Longitudinal
b)
Experiment
c)
Cross Sectional
d)
Correlation
51.
What are participants promised so that they feel comfortable answering questions honestly?
a)
Written consent
b)
Debriefing
c)
Confidence
d)
Confidentiality
52.
In a _____ participants don't know if they're part of the experimental group or the control group.
a)
single-blind study
b)
survey
c)
naturalistic observation
d)
double-blind study
53.
When one variable increases and another variable also increases, this relationship between the two variables is called _____.
a)
negative correlation
b)
oppositional relationship
c)
positive correlation
d)
follow-the-leader research
54.

The mode is:

a)

The average of all the values

b)

The middle number

c)

The most frequently occurring number

d)

The first number you see

55.

In experimental studies which group receives nothing? In other words, they do not get the variable that is under study.

a)

Experimental group

b)

Control group

56.

What kind of relationship?

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Relationship

57.

What is the name of a variable that affects the dependent variable and results in invalid data?

a)

Dependent variable

b)

Extraneous variable

c)

Confounding variable

58.

Operationalization of a construct

a)

means to investigate a reading topic

b)

Is doing construction on a building

c)

means expressing it in terms of observable behaviour

d)

Is the theory of knowledge

59.

in an experiment, DEBRIEFING of participants most likely includes information such as:

a)

each participant's own results in the study

b)

the number of hours participants will be expected to participate

c)

the procedures that will be required fo participants during the experiment

d)

the individual results of the other participants in the study

60.

what is meant by an operational definition?

a)

a measure of the relationship between two variables

b)

a statement about the IV and DV

c)

clear and detailed statements about how you will measure the data collected about the variables

d)

a statement that reflects the characteristics of the population

61.

What do you call the degree of consistency and precision which produces a stable result of the conducted research?

a)

Consistency

b)

Reliability

c)

Scope

d)

Introduction

62.

Melvin and Leigh are interviewing students to determine if the students agree or disagree with a proposed polciy change. Melvin believes the proposed policy change is a good idea, but Leigh beleives the change will be bad for the students. Nearly all the students who Melvin interviewed supported the policy change, but nearly all the students who Leigh interviewed disapproved of the change. The differences in results illustrate the potential impact of

a)

The placebo effect

b)

double-blind research studies

c)

Confounded dependent variobles

d)

experimenter bias

63.

A sample is representative if

a)

only volunteer subjects are used.

b)

it is different from the population as possible

c)

all subjects are chosen from a single, unusual segment of the population

d)

its composition is similar to the composition of the population

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