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WorksheetsAP Biology Unit 7
Total questions: 39
Worksheet time: 21mins
In Darwin's thinking, the more closely related two different organisms are, the
more similar their habitats are.
less similar their DNA sequences are.
more recently they shared a common ancestor.
less likely they are to have the same genes in common.
more similar they are in size.
Natural selection is based on all of the following except
genetic variation exists within populations.
the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.
populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing
non-random mating.
geographic isolation.
genetic drift.
mutations.
gene flow.
When we say that an individual organism has a greater fitness than another individual, we specifically mean that the organism
lives longer than others of its species.
competes for resources more successfully than others of its species.
mates more frequently than others of its species.
utilizes resources more efficiently than other species occupying similar niches.
leaves more viable offspring than others of its species.
Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
sexual selection
Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. Which of the following terms best describes this?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
sexual selection
Most Swiss starlings produce four to five eggs in each clutch. Those producing fewer or more than this have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms best describes this?
artificial selection
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
sexual selection
Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian islands have different elaborate courtship rituals that involve fighting other males and stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?
habitat isolation
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
gametic isolation
postzygotic barriers
All of the following are examples of events that can prevent breeding between species EXCEPT:
The potential mates experience geographical isolation.
The potential mates experience behavioral isolation.
The potential mates have different courtship rituals.
The potential mates have similar breeding seasons.
The gametes of potential mates have biochemical differences.
Homologous structures are often cited as evidence for evolution. All of the following are examples of homologous structures EXCEPT
the wings of a bird and with wings of a bat
the flippers of a whale and the arms of a man
the pectoral fins of a porpoise and the flippers of a seal
the forelegs of an insect and the forelimbs of a dog
the hind legs of a lizard and the legs of a chicken.
All of the following are part of Hardy Weinberg law for populations in equilibirum EXCEPT
Large population
No immigration or emigration
No natural selection
Non random mating
No genetic mutations
What does a phylogenetic tree show?
shows how living organisms are related to each other using evidences
organizes living organisms by color
shows how living organisms interact with each other in the real world
shows how certain organisms grow based on their genes
What factors would increase the frequency of a genotype in a population over time?
Increased reproduction rates in a population
Selective pressures that make the trait favorable
Genetic drift
Mutations in the population
Why would the presence of a particular genotype or phenotype decrease in a population over time?
Due to increased competition
Reproductive isolation
Changes in the environment that now make the trait less favorable
Gene flow
What are selection pressures?
Conditions that prevent a population from evolving
Organisms that shape and influence the ecosystem
Random changes in allele frequencies in a population
Any changes in biotic or abiotic factors that influence survivability
What is artificial selection?
When humans selectively breed organisms together to select for traits most desirable to us
When a new species has formed
When new organisms migrate into an area and introduce new genes
When organisms are separated from other members of their population due to new geographic barriers
What is the founder effect?
When survivors of a natural disaster repopulate the environment
When a small population breaks off of an existing population
Changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time
The migration of organisms between two similar populations
How does genetic drift usually affect a population?
Usually it increases the size of a population
Usually it increases the selective pressures on a population
Usually it decreases the genetic variation of the population
Usually it introduces new genes into a population
What are the two types of genetic drift commonly seen?
Temporal isolation and hybrid sterility
Disruptive selection and convergent evolution
Founder effect and bottleneck effect
Gene flow and artificial selection
According to this cladogram, which animal has the closest common ancestor to a crocodile?
Mammals
Lizards and Snakes
Turtles
Birds
What is the bottleneck effect?
When survivors of a natural disaster repopulate the area
When selective pressures change and new traits become the most fit for an area.
When members of one population migrate to another population
When new organisms migrate to an area and start a new population
What are homologous structures?
Structures that are morphologically different but serve the same function
Similar shared structures that may serve different functions
What do homologous structures tell scientists about species who share them?
That the organisms lived during the same time period
That the organisms were exposed to the same selective pressures
That they have undergone convergent evolution
That the organisms share a common ancestor
What is an ancestral trait in a cladogram?
Traits that are new for a recent species
A trait that is shared by more than one lineage
A trait that has disappeared over time
The trait that is present in only one organism
Which species on this cladogram have four walking legs?
Lancelet
Leopards only
All of the species have this trait
Salamander, turtle, leopards
Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands were separated by what kind of reproductive barrier?
Temporal isolation
Behavioral isolation
Geographic isolation
Gamete isolation
How can mass extinctions lead to adaptive radiation?
By introducing new post-zygotic barriers
By opening many niches for survivors to fill
By rapidly increasing the reproduction rates to repopulate the Earth
By introducing new selective pressures on populations
How can geographic isolation lead to speciation?
These prevent species from reproducing due to different mating seasons
By preventing the mixing of populations and exposing them to different selective pressures
These make the offspring of two species sterile and/or inviable
By changing the courtship rituals of organisms so that they no longer match
Which statement about natural selection is most correct?
Adaptations beneficial in one habitat should generally be beneficial in all other habitats as well.
Different species that occupy the same habitat will adapt to that habitat by undergoing the same genetic changes.
Adaptations beneficial at one time should generally be beneficial during all other times as well.
Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring, and thus contribute more to the next generationʹs gene pool, than do poorly adapted individuals.
The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach.
Which of the following is most likely to have caused the change in the distribution?
A new predator arrived that preferred dark-tan crabs.
A new predator arrived that preferred light-tan crabs.
A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.
A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.
Grass plants in a population range in height from 6 cm to 25 cm. The short plants receive little sunlight, and the tall plants are eaten by grazing animals. Which statement best describes the effect of natural selection on the grasses?
Because average height grass plants are favored, stabilizing natural selection is occurring.
Because average height grass plants are favored, disruptive natural selection is occurring.
Because tall grass plants are favored by the animals that eat grass, directional selection is occurring.
Because short and tall grass plants are favored, normal natural selection is occurring.
