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WorksheetsExploration of IT - Unit 4 Post Test
Total questions: 71
Worksheet time: 36mins
___________ is a method for connecting computers through a shared physical cable.
Sneakernet
Ethernet
Local Area Network
Wi-Fi
When exchanging information each computer is required to have a physical address to identify the machine. This physical address is known as the ___________
MAC Address
Port
IP Address
Ethernet Address
_______ is a measure of the rate at which a carrier (transmission medium) can transmit data.
Bandwidth
Ethernet Rate
Internet Protocol
Collision Detection
When two computers attempt to send data using a shard carrier (transmission medium) a _________ occurs.
Collision
Ethernet Crash
Jamming
Backoff
What is exponential backoff?
When detecting frequent collisions computers will wait longer periods of time before retransmitting.
A relatively small network of close-by computers.
A subset of computers isolated into seperate domains to reduce collisions.
Dedicating the entire circuit to a single task or user.
A __________ is created when a subset of computers isolated into seperate domains to reduce collisions.
Collision Domain
Sneakernet
Local Area Network (LAN)
Exponential Backoff
What is circuit switching?
When detecting frequent collisions computers will wait longer periods of time before retransmitting.
A relatively small network of close-by computers.
A subset of computers isolated into seperate domains to reduce collisions.
Dedicating the entire circuit to a single task or user.
How does message switching provide fault-tolerance?
It has the ability to detect collisions.
Messages can be rerouted around delays
It dedicates an entire circuit to a single user or task
The message is broken down into smaller packets for efficient transmission
Efficient routing is critical to an efficient network. What two related ideas help computers maintain effective routing?
Hop Count
Hop Limit
Local Area Network
Packet Switching
Internet Protocol
What is packet switching?
Breaking messages into smaller pieces (packets) for efficient transmission
Dedicating entire circuits to a single task or user
Isolating groups of computers so they are less likely to create a collision
Detecting frequent collisions and waiting longer periods of time before retransmitting
The _________ defines the format of packets for the Internet and requires that each computer is assigned a unique IP Address.
Internet Protocol
Ethernet
Transmission Control Protocol
User Datagram Protocol
Where is the destination address stored in an IP packet?
Header
Payload
Footer
Datagram
What is a nearby group of computers connected together?
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Ethernet
What is a network of computers covering entire regions or countries?
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Ethernet
Companies like Comcast, AT&T, Midco, or Verizon represent _________ that connect users to the internet.
Internet Service Providers
Internet Operators
Electronic Information Interchangers
Mobile Data Carriers
What is the set of rules that defines how packets should be addressed and formatted for sending across networks?
Internet Protocol (IP)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Checksum
________ is provided by the OS to identify the individual program accessing the network.
Port
Checksum
IP Address
TRACERT
A value calculated through a mathematical algorithm that is used to verify the accuracy of the packet data.
Checksum
TRACERT
Port
IP Address
This protocol works within the Internet Protocol and provides features to ensure that packets will arrive. Including acknowledgments for each packet and the retransmission of missing packets.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Port
Checksum
This protocol works within the Internet Protocol but provides no mechanisms to ensure that the packets arrive at their destination or to retransmit missing packets.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Port
Checksum
What is the Internet service that acts as a phonebook for mapping domain names to IP Addresses?
Domain Name System (DNS)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
_____________ represents the conceptual layers for computer networking. It consists of seven layers including the physical layer to the application layer.
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model
Networking
The Internet
Internet Service Provider
Which two are characteristics of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
Packets are NOT sequenced
Each packet must be acknowledged by the receiver
Uses basic checksum only and packets with errors are discarded
Extensive error checking ensuring all packets arrive
A connection is established before data transmission
What is a reference to data that the user can follow by clicking or tapping?
Hyperlink
Search Engine
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Web Browser
__________ is a document that contains hyperlinks.
Hypertext
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Search Engine
What is used to uniquely identify a web resource.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Hyperlink
Search Engine
Web Browser
______________ is the code that is used to structure a web page and its content.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
Hyperlink
Web Browser
What are end user applications that request resources from web servers using HTTP and render the resulting HTML on the user's screen?
Web Browsers
Search Engines
Hyperlinks
Ethernet
_______ is an application-layer protocol for requesting and transmitting hypertext documents, such as HTML.
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
What software is used to serve up web resource to the requesting web browser or user, examples include Apache and Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS)?
Web Server
Search Engine
Hyperlink
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
What are the three key components of a modern search engine?
Web Crawler
Index
Search
Web Browser
Hyperlinks
What definition best describes Net Neutrality?
All packets are treated equally
Packets are prioritized based on their importance
Content on the world wide web is neither completely positive or negative
Equal time must be given to both sides of a controversial issue
True or False - The Internet and the World Wide Web are synonyms and reference the same thing.
False
True
What does WWW stand for?
(a)
Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Apple's Safari are examples of _____
Web Browsers
Search Engines
Websites
Hyperlinks
The practice of securing and protecting computer systems from digital attacks is known as __________?
Cybersecurity
Isolation
Compression
Threat Modeling
____________ is a process to identify how and why someone might be attacking an IT system or a piece of software.
Cybersecurity
Threat Model
Integrity
Brute Force Attack
What is an attack vector?
probable approaches or paths of cyber attacks
using trial-and-error to guess login info
only authorized people should be able to access or read
the process of identifying some is who they say they are
What are the three components of the CIA triad?
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Integral
Accountability
Confidentiality means that _______________
only authorized people should be able to access or read data
only authorized people should have the ability to change or modify data
authorized people should always have access to data
Integrity means that _______________
only authorized people should be able to access or read data
only authorized people should have the ability to change or modify data
authorized people should always have access to data
Availability means that _______________
only authorized people should be able to access or read data
only authorized people should have the ability to change or modify data
authorized people should always have access to data
____________ is the process of identifying someone is who they say they are.
Authentication
Cybersecurity
Authorship
Brute Force Attack
A password is an example of what type of authentication?
what you know
what you are
what you have
Which are examples of "What You Have" authentication?
a physical key or a token
a password
a fingerprint or iris scan
a Personal Identification Number (PIN)
__________ are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics.
Biometrics
Authentication Measures
Deterministic Outputs
Multi-Factor Authentication
Using two or more methods of authentication (such as a token and a PIN) is known as _________?
Multi-Factor Authentication
Dual Authentication
Double Login
Forced Login
Computer viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware and other malicious software are examples of __________?
Malware
Attack Vectors
Social Engineering
Sandboxing
If a hacker has permission to test your computer system's defenses and report on what they find, they are most likely a _________.
White Hat Hacker
Black Hat Hacker
Anonymous
Hacktivist
This type of hacker will attempt to steal data or perform unauthorized malicious actions.
Black Hat Hacker
White Hat Hacker
Red Hat Hacker
Hacktivist
______ is manipulating an individual into letting attacker in or divulging confidential information.
Social Engineering
Black Hat Hacker
Trojan Horse
Malware
_________ is a type of social engineering that uses emails to try to convince the user to login to an insecure website.
Phishing
Trojan Horse
Spam
Malware
What is a trojan horse?
software that looks good but in reality is malicious
an email based social engineering attack that tries to convince the user to login to a malicious site
an attempt to break a password by repeatedly guessing
manipulating someone into revealing confidential information
What is a brute force attack?
software the looks good but in reality is malicious
an email based social engineering attack that tries to convince the user to login to a malicious site
an attempt to break a password by repeatedly guessing
manipulating someone into revealing confidential information
When software writes data beyond its specified range in order to cause undesired or malicious behavior it is using what type of attack?
Buffer Overflow
Brute Force Attack
Code Injection
Cross Site Scripting
_______ is when an attacker enters modified code into the computer's processes.
Code Injection
Brute Force Attack
Trojan Horse
Phishing
A vulnerability in a system or device that has been disclosed but is not yet patched is known as ____________.
Zero Day Vulnerability
Computer Virus
1st Attempt Vulnerability
Initial Exploit
___________ is malicious software that will infect a computer system and encrypt the user's data. The user is forced to pay to regain access to their data.
Ransomware
Botnet
Trojan Horse
Spyware
What is a botnet?
a group of malware infected computers which can be remotely controlled by a hacker
a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server
software that looks good but in reality is malicious
an attempt to break a password by repeatedly guessing
What is an attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server, service or network by overwhelming it with Internet traffic from a large number of devices?
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
Trojan Horse
Virus
Phishing
Which two methods are best for protecting yourself from malware?
Carefully examine links and attachments. Don't click on suspicious links.
Install software security updates
Disable automatic updates for your operating system
Use the same password for multiple websites
Configure your firewall to block all traffic from all IPs and ports
What is defense in depth?
using many layers of protections to delay or prevent attackers
a method for securing communication and data exchange
an algorithm that converts plain text into ciphertext
the practice of protecting critical systems and sensitive information from digital attacks
___________ is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents.
Cryptography
Cipher
Decryption
Cryptanalyst
What is encryption?
the process of making text secret
the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents
an early and simple substitution cipher
an encryption method where the plaintext is shifted according to a regular system
To view and understand an encrypted message it must first be _________ to change it back to plaintext.
decrypted
encrypted
ciphered
encoded
____________ was an example of a simple cipher where each letter of the plaintext is replaced by another letter a fixed distance away.
Caesar Cipher
Permutation Cipher
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
In Cryptography, the original message, before being transformed, is called _______.
simple text
plaintext
ciphertext
filled text
When plaintext is encrypted it creates the ____________.
ciphertext
symmetric text
advanced text
hidden text
What type of encryption uses the same key for encryption and decryption?
Symmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption
Single Key Encryption
One Pass Encryption
What type of encryption uses two different public and private keys for encryption and decryption?
Symmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption
Dual Key Encryption
One Pass Encryption
The art and science of breaking the ciphertext is known as ___________
Cryptanalysis
Cryptography
Staganography
Watermarking
