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WorksheetsPhysics 2 Comprehensive Review
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 35mins
What is the primary controller of the x-ray beam quality?
mAs
kVp
filtration
SID
If the distance is doubled but all other factors remain the same, what change in technique is required to maintain IR exposure?
increase kVp by 15%
decrease filtration by 1/2
increase mAs by a factor of four
decrease focal spot size
While evaluating an AP lumbar spine image acquired on a hypersthenic patient, the technologist notices the image appears fogged. What is the most likely cause?
coherent scatter
photoelectric absorption
pair production
Compton effect
Proper use of beam collimation decreases:
contrast
magnification
signal to noise ratio
patient dose
On average, what is the most likely result of a small change in beam filtration?
increased penetrability, decreased quantity
decreased penetrability, decreased quantity
increased penetrability, increased quantity
decreased penetrability, increased quantity
What image receptor configuration is most likely to provide the lowest patient dose during ankle examination?
direct digital radiography
photostimulable phosphor plate
film screen radiography
image intensification
While performing a portable hip examination, the technologist uses a grid and makes all needed changes to the technique. What is the most likely result?
decreased magnification
increased blur
decreased dose
increased contrast
What represents the best way to decrease patient dose while improving image quality during a fluoroscopic examination?
use of magnification mode
decrease kVp, increase mAs
grid use with pulsed imaging
decrease exposure filed size
The primary source of occupational radiation exposure for technologists is the:
x-ray tube
primary beam
patient
image receptor
While performing a portable x-ray examination, what is the best method of technologist radiation protection?
decrease focal spot size
increase primary shielding
decrease secondary shielding
increase distance from the patient
What is the minimum lead equivalent required for a lead apron designed to be worn while operating machines with a peak energy of 100 kVp?
0.15 mm
0.25 mm
0.5 mm
1.0 mm
What is the minimum source-to-skin distance (SSD) for mobile fluoroscopes?
30 cm (12 inches)
38 cm (15 inches)
100 cm (40 inches)
180 cm (72 inches)
When using a variable-aperture rectangular collimator, coincidence between the light field and the x-ray beam must not exceed what percentage of SID?
2
4
5
8
What is the total filtration in aluminum equivalent require by the NCRP for x-ray tubes capable of operating above 70 kVp?
0.5 mm
1.0 mm
2.0 mm
2.5 mm
When working in fluoroscopy, which of the following represents the best way to decrease patient dose?
magnification
last image hold
grid usage
cumulative timing device
What type of exposure switch is required for all fluoroscopic units?
foot pedal
variable
dead man
remotely controlled
Which of the following techniques is the best for a neonate chest x-ray?
100 mA at 0.025 sec
200 mA at 0.0125 sec
250 mA at 0.01 sec
300 mA at 0.0083 sec
A portable chest performed at 100 kVp, 7.0 mAs, and 45-inch SID demonstrated appropriate exposure, but the image must be repeated due to patient motion. What is the technique required if the SID is decreased to 40 inches?
115 kVp and 7.0 mAs
100 kVp and 5.5 mAs
85 kVp and 7.0 mAs
100 kVp and 9.1 mAs
It is difficult to view the bones on an AP hip examination due to the image being too white. No amount of post-processing improves the visibility of bony anatomy. The technologist determines to repeat the image after changing the technique. How best should they proceed?
increase kVp
decrease OID
increase focal spot size
decrease mAs
A technologist is asked to develop a new protocol for knee x-rays that will decrease magnification. Which of the following technical factors should be increased?
focal spot size
SID
grid ratio
OID
Increasing the effective focal spot size will most likely increase:
patient dose
beam penetrability
unsharpness
contrast
If a technique 5 mAs without a grid, how much mAs is required to maintain exposure using a 5:1 grid?
2.5 mAs
10 mAs
15 mAs
20 mAs
Patient with emphysema requires a portable chest x-ray. How should the technologist proceed?
increase kVp
decrease SID
increase focal spot size
decrease mAs
While working with a patient who has a broken humerus, the technologist was unable to bring the patient's arm into alignment with the plane of the image receptor. What is the most likely result?
magnification
foreshortening
underexposure
poor contrast resolution
When using a fixed kVp technique chart, what factor is primarily used to control for changes in anatomic thickness?
mAs
kVp
focal spot size
grid ratio
What is the most likely result of failing to position the anatomy of interest over the active ionization chambers when using automatic exposure control?
foreshortening
image blur
quantum mottle
elongation
When using a digital imaging system with a fixed matrix size, which of the following increases with increased field of view?
pixel size
spatial resolution
image quantization
sampling frequency
What is being imaged?
luminance
illuminance
luminance intensity
illuminance intensity
Which of the following has the largest impact on image spatial resolution?
centering
exposure field sixe
pixel pitch
collimation
What term refers to the total number of distinct levels of gray any given pixel can represent in a digital imaging system?
pixel pitch
bit depth
matriz size
digitization
If a technologist was asked to review different imaging systems and provide recommendations on which system provides the best spatial resolution, what technical factor should be most closely considered?
automatic exposure control
dynamic range
analog to digital conversion
modulation transfer function
When a technique lacks sufficient mAs, it can directly impact:
signal-to-noise ratio
dynamic range
spatial resolution
magnification
What imaging error is most likely to result in a lawsuit?
no shielding used
improperly marked image
incorrect SID
lack of breathing instructions
When using manual exposure controls to complete a pediatric chest x-ray, what mA setting is the best possible option, assuming the mAs remain the same?
200
250
300
350
What is being imaged?
Hard Copy
X-ray
Soft Copy
Digital Images
What part of a fluoroscopic image intensifier converts light to electrons?
output phoshor
focusing lenses
input phosphor
photocathode
What is a major drawback of using fluoroscopic magnification?
decreased spatial resolution
increased object image receptor distance
decreased image contrast
increase patient dose
What color of light is emitted by a computed radiography photostimulable phosphor plate after stimulation by the helium neon laser?
blue
green
yellow
red
Which of the following measures best determines the performance of a flat-panel detector?
SID
DAP
ADC
DQE
When using a photostimulable phosphor plate to capture the remnant beam, what processes the electrical signal from the photomultiplier and produces a digital image?
analog to digital converter
thin film transistor
detector quantum efficiency
flat-panel detector
What term refers to the process of averaging pixel values to reduce high-frequency noise?
leveling
windowing
sampling
smoothing
Which of the following is used by the computer to optimize image contrast and brightness based on predetermined reference values?
aliasing
blackmasking
look-up table
maximum pixel value
A display monitor with decreased pixel size demonstrates increased:
spatial resolution
brightness and contrast
distortion
pixel pitch
An image demonstrates areas of total blackness within the anatomy of interest. No changes to window width or level alter the blackened areas. This is best described as:
resolution
wide latitude
saturation
dynamic range
All other factors remaining constant, the imaging system with which of the following will demonstrate the best spatial resolution?
largest field of view
highest contrast resolution
lowest detective quantum efficiency
smallest pixel size
What term applies to using software programs to fill-in dead pixels using information from surrounding pixels?
tomography
interpolation
edge enhancement
gain calibration
Which of the following is the most likely result of an exposure field that is larger than is necessary for imaging?
decreased magnification
improved detective quantum efficiency
increased scatter production
reduced patient dose
An older flat-panel imaging system demonstrates image lag. How should the technologist proceed?
decrease kVp on all exams
refresh the HL-7 connection
measure beam and light field coincidence
increase the time between exposures
How should the technologist proceed if they suspect a flat-panel detector has a flaw, such as a series of dead pixels, that is producing a visible artifact?
gain calibration
SID measurement
edge enhancement
densitometer testing
When working with a photostimulable phosphor plate image receptor, what special consideration is recommended if the plate has not been used for examination over a prolonged period of time?
increase mAs
verify barcode
download updates
erase cassette
What device is most often used for display monitor quality control?
densitometer
DAP meter
photometer
sensitometer
Time required for the x-ray tube to be switched on and reach the selected level kVp and mA in fluoroscopy
What is being imaged?
annotation
smoothing
stitching
connection
What 2 terms represent this picture?
flat fielding and interpolation
sampling and quantization
interpolation and sampling
flat fielding and quantization
What is the AAPM-TG 18 used for?
Grayscale Display Function testing
collimator test
Comprehensive Digital Display Device testing
monitor testing
Image Acquisition, Image Display, Network, Storage System
Components of the x-ray tube
components of PACS
components of DICOM
components of AAPM TG 18
Low contrast procedures are
wider latitude, longer gray scale
narrow latitude, short gray scale
wider latitude, short gray scale
narrow latitude, longer gray scale
line and space after it...
lp/mm
lp
lp/mm squared
mm
Which one of these is not a digital artifact?
I.R.
Software
Object
Processing
What language is used for PACS?
AAPM TG 18
DICOM
GSDF
RIS
Minification Gain X Flux Gain
Conversion Efficiency
Brightness Gain
Magnification Factor
DAP
What is being imaged?
body mechanics
ergonomics
radiation protection
radiologist
What are the 2 types of data compression techniques?
lossy and lossless
ADC and DAC
gain and offset
lossless and gain
What is being imaged?
Image Flip
Annotation
Image Inversion
Image Conversion
How often must lead aprons be fluoroscopically inspected for damage?
daily
weekly
monthly
annually
