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WorksheetsOSTP Science End of Year Review
Total questions: 87
Worksheet time: 47mins
Which of the following flows through ecosystems in one directions?
carbon
energy
nitrogren
water
In what form is energy that is NOT used for life processes released from living things?
light energy
sound energy
thermal energy
chemical energy
Why are food webs better representations of how energy moves through an ecosystem than food chains?
For chains include decomposers, which do not play a role in energy movement through an ecosystem.
Food chains show how matter moves through an ecosystem, not energy
For webs include how energy enters an ecosystem, and food chains do not.
Food webs show that animals in an ecosystem can get energy by eating different things.
Which describes how the atoms in living things cycle?
through living parts of ecosystems only
in one direction from living to nonliving parts of the ecosystem
in one direction from living to nonliving parts of the ecosystem
repeatedly back and forth through living and non light part of the ecosystems
What is the source of the carbon atoms in a plant's cells?
they were created as the plant grew
the Sun
water molecules
the environment
Which organism has the most energy available in the food web shown ?
diatoms
squid
leopord seal
orca
In the food web, what eats the squid
diatoms
squid
leopard seal
orca
The leaf image above represents what process?
Cellular repiration
Photosynthesis
The water cycle
Fermentation
The diagram shows a partial ; model for respiration in the human body. Identify the TWO missing parts of this model shown.
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
In the rock cycle, weathering and erosion begin the process of the formation of _____
sediments
magma
minerals
crystals
Rocks converted into one another/ The process in which igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are formed.
rock cycle
erosion cycle
magma cycle
tectonic cycle
When little pieces of rock (Sediments), pile up and are cemented together to form a new rock, what type of rock is formed?
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
How do metamorphic rocks change to sedimentary rocks
volcanic eruption and lava flow
igneous intrusion and solidication
faulting and displacement
erosion and deposition
Igneous rocks must be ____ .
solidify at the surface of Earth.
be eroded and deposited in layers.
be formed from magma.
change form when pressure is applied.
What is the correct order for Sedimentary Rock formation?
compaction
erosion
cementation
deposition
weathering
erosion
deposition
compaction
weathering
cementation
deposition
burial
When we melted our Starburst rocks, they turned into a liquid state. We then let the Starburst rocks cool into a hard-crystalline substance. This model BEST demonstrates the formation of :
igneous rocks
sedimentary rocks
metamorphic rocks
Which terms match the diagram accurately?
1. Sedimentary Rocks
2. Igneous Rocks
3. Metamorphic Rocks
1. Metamorphic Rocks
2. Igneous Rocks
3. Sedimentary Rocks
1. Sedimentary Rocks
2. Metamorphic Rocks
3. Igneous Rocks
Why are fossils rarely found in metamorphic or igneous rock?
Decay of radioactive meteorite parts melt bones
Chemicals toxic to living things leek into the ground when these rocks are formed
heat and pressure are great enough to destroy any fossils in these rocks
Look at the table . Which of these rocks is an igneous rock?
basalt
limestone
marble
Which list is the MOST likely to take place, according to what you have learned about the rock cycle.
molten rock
-> cooling
igneous rock
-> weathering, erosion
metamorphic rock
metamorphic rock
-> high heat, pressure
igneous rock
-> weathering, erosion
sedimentary
igneous rock
-> weathering, erosion
sedimentary rock
-> high heat, pressure
metamorphic rock
When there is friction between surfaces, energy is transferred out of a system as ________ energy.
chemical
radiant
electrical
Thermal
The law of _______________ of energy states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can change its form.
Transmittance
Photosynthesis
Conservation
In every energy transformation, some energy is always hard to locate. The missing energy has become _____________ energy.
chemical radiant electrical Thermal
chemical
radiant
electrical
thermal
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy CAN be created or destroyed.
True
False
When coasting while roller skating, you eventually stop due to
(a)
Which best describes the changes in energy as a child goes down a slide?
potential energy is constant and kinetic energy increases
mechanical energy decreases
potential energy decreases and kinetic energy increases
potential and kinetic energy are constant
After braking, a bicycle's tires increase in temperature as friction causes some of the mechanical energy to transfer to _________ energy.
thermal
potential
kinetic
Which of the following does NOT reduce friction?
grease
slate
cotton
oil
When two surfaces interact, some mechanical energy leaves the system as thermal energy due to _______.
surrounding heat
friction
fusion
water
An object “wants to” maintain its state of motion because it has _____.
Mass
Velocity
Speed
Acceleration
If each of the following objects is subjected to the same force which will accelerate more?
Car
Bus
Jet
plastic bag
Determine if it is balanced or unbalanced.
unbalanced
balanced
Calculate the resulting net force pictured below.
5 Newtons
10 Newtons
15 Newtons
20 Newtons
What direction will the square move?
Right ➡
Left ⬅
A boat moves through water with a force of 1,000 newtons (N). The water resists with forces equaling 2,000 N. What is the correct formula to use in this scenario?
Newton’s 2nd Law, m=F*a
Newton’s 1st Law, F=m*a
Newton’s 3rd Law, a=m/F
Newton’s 2nd Law, F=m*a
The law of inertia applies to…
Moving objects
Both moving (in motion) and nonmoving (at rest) objects
Objects that are not moving
Match the Law of Motion to the scenario in the picture: A woman moving the cloth out from under the fish bowl.
Newton's 1st Law of Motion (Rest stays in rest/motion stays in motion)
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion (F=M*A)
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (Every action there is and equal or opposite reaction)
Match the Law of Motion to the scenario in the picture: A swimmer pushing the water to accelerate forward.
Newton's 1st Law of Motion (Rest stays in rest/motion stays in motion)
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion (F=M*A)
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (Every action there is and equal or opposite reaction)
Match the Law of Motion to the scenario in the picture. An unbalanced force is needed to accelerate the tennis ball.
Newton's 1st Law of Motion (Rest stays in rest/motion stays in motion)
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion (F=M*A)
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (Every action there is and equal or opposite reaction)
Match the Law of Motion to the scenario in the picture. The T-ball player hits the ball 50 feet.
Newton's 1st Law of Motion (Rest stays in rest/motion stays in motion)
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion (F=M*A)
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (Every action there is and equal or opposite reaction)
Match the Law of Motion to the scenario in the picture. When the vehicle you are sitting at rest in, suddenly stops and you are thrown forward.
Newton's 1st Law of Motion (Rest stays in rest/motion stays in motion)
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion (F=M*A)
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (Every action there is and equal or opposite reaction)
Match the Law of Motion to the scenario in the picture. The motor boat moves forward as its rotating blades push water backward.
Newton's 1st Law of Motion (Rest stays in rest/motion stays in motion)
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion (F=M*A)
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (Every action there is and equal or opposite reaction)
Match the Law of Motion to the scenario in the picture: When you are ridding a merry-go-round and then the merry-go-round suddenly stops, you feel dizzy and like you are still spinning.
Newton's 1st Law of Motion (Rest stays in rest/motion stays in motion)
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion (F=M*A)
Newton's 3rd Law of Motion (Every action there is and equal or opposite reaction)
Th diagram shows what happened when light hit a mirror. Which statement best explains the diagram?
The light refracted
The light reflected
The mirror absorbed the light
A beam of light is directed toward a tank filled with water. What causes the light to change direction?
change in media
change in altitude
increase in pressure
increase in temperature
Which of these best explains why the mailbox casts a shadow?
The Sun is very bright
Light waves change direction
The Sun is too far from the object
Light cannot pass through opaque objects
A laser beam is aimed at four different objects. Through which of these objects will the laser beam pass and be refracted?
a black cloth
a piece of aluminum
a sheet of paper
a glass prism
When a pencil is placed in a cup of water, the pencil looks bent. What does this demonstration show?
reflection
refraction
interference
diffraction
A thick pillow is placed against part of a stereo speaker. How does the pillow affect the sound waves coming from the speaker?
The sound waves are absorbed
The sound waves are increased
The sound waves are reflected
The sound waves are destroyed
A student observes that a ray of light bends where it passes from glass into water. What best explains this phenomenon?
Waves change as they travel through one medium into another
The energy of a liquid is greater than that of a solid and increases that amount of light in it.
The mass of a ray of light varies in proportion with the density of its surroundings
A wave consumes energy in a solid but produces energy in a liquid.
Which sentence about sound waves is correct?
Sound waves transfer energy through a vacuum
Sound waves transfer energy through vibrations of a medium
Sound waves transfer energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Sound waves transfer energy by permanently separating the particles.
How does the color of an object affect the amount of energy it receives from sunlight?
Light colored objects reflect light and become warmer than darker objects.
Light colored objects absorb more light and become warmer than darker objects
Dark colored objects reflect more light and become warmer than light objects
Dark colored object absorb more light and become warmer than lighter objects
Which property of a mineral is being tested in this picture?
streak
hardness
skratch
luster
All minerals share the following characteristics EXCEPT
formed from living organisms
are naturally occurring
have a definite chemical formula
have a unique crystaline structure
If scientist tries scratching a crystal with a knife, what property is the geologist trying to examine?
luster
hardness
color
What 2 characteristics of Igneous Rock can be used to classify this sample?
Extrusive
Intrusive
Mafic
Felsic
What 2 characteristics of Igneous Rock can be used to classify this sample?
Extrusive
Intrusive
Mafic
Felsic
What 2 characteristics of Igneous Rock can be used to classify this sample?
Extrusive
Intrusive
Mafic
Felsic
What 2 characteristics of Igneous Rock can be used to classify this sample?
Extrusive
Intrusive
Mafic
Felsic
The graph shows that together, oxygen and silicon make up ___% of Earth's crust
74.3
More than 80%
75%
Less than 50%
If you can scratch a mineral with your pocket knife, but not your fingernail, which is it?
Gypsum
Calcite
Quartz
Not enough information
Trilobites are extinct animals that lived in the oceans. Fossils of these animals can be found in many locations in Oklahoma. What does this mean?
Trilobites now live underground
Trilobites are the ancestors of jellyfish
Oklahoma was once covered by the ocean where trilobites lived
Weathering and erosion help to shape the surface of the Earth. Which BEST represents an example of weather?
Flowing water transports rocks to the ocean
Pieces of rock pile on top of each other in layers
Wind and rain break rocks into smaller pieces
Wind blows small pieces of rock from one area to another
_________ breaks large rocks into smaller ones
deopsition
erosion
weathering
_________ pushes broken rocks ahead of itself
deopsition
erosion
weathering
_________ leaves broken rocks behind when the front edge melts
deopsition
erosion
weathering
Which event causes the fastest change to the surface of Earth?
water flowing in a riverbed
a wave crashing on a beach
an earthquake cracking a road
wind blowing against a mountain
The picture shows some processes that shape Earth. Which of these processes transports sediments at the slowest rate?
1
2
3
4
Which is the BEST example of living organisms causing weathering?
Beavers building a dam across a stream
Cattle walking and grazing in a grassland
Salmon making nests for their eggs in a stream
Tree seedlings growing and forming cracks in rocks
When 2 fish die, Fish A sinks to the bottom of a la and Fish B washes up on the rocky lake shore. Why is a fossil more likely to form from the body of Fish A than from the body of Fish B?
Soft parts of the fish will decay more quickly in the water
Sediments in the water will quickly cover the fish
Scavengers in the water will eat the remains of the fish.
Currents in the water will move the fish.
How old would a fossil have to be to be from the end of the Paleozoic era or the beginning of the Mesozoic era
100 million years
225 million years old
A fossil discovered in Colorado dates from the early Mesozoic era. A year later a similar fossil is found in Wyoming that also dates from the early Mesozoic era. There 2 organisms most likely lived in
the same environment at about the same time
the same environment at different times
different environments at about the same time
The drawing shows fossilized brachiopods and modern brachiopods. The fossilized brachiopods lived thousands of years ago and have gone extinct. Modern brachiopods are alive today.
Any change to the living conditions of an organism will cause its extinction
The fossil record provides evidence that species can change over time.
A scientist finds Trophite fossils. According to the chart, in what era and period was this rock layer deposited?
Cenozoic era; Tertiary period
Mesozoic era; Triassic period
Paleozoic era; Mississippian period
If a scientist thought that the area in the picture was inhabited by small rodents, what evidence would change the scientist's mind?
different soil layers
fossils of marine organisms
bones of small animals
Which of the following has the ability to change the state of matter?
heat
wind
light
sound
At what temperature does water freeze?
(a)
What happens at the boiling point of a substance?
liquid becomes a gas
solid becomes a gas
liquid becomes a solid
solid becomes a liquid
What best represents the phases of water from 1 to 3?
solid, gas, liquid
gas, solid, liquid
liquid, gas, solid
gas, liquid, solid
The teacher heats a pot of water. Once the water reaches 100℃, which point has the water reached?
boiling
melting
freezing
evaporating
In which two parts of the water cycle does water absorb energy?
condensation and evaportation
precipitation and condensation
melting and evapotation
evaporation and precipitation
The physical state of a substance depends on the arrangement of atoms or molecules within it. The diagrams shows the arrangements of atoms of the same substance at two different times. At Time 1 the atoms are close together. At Time 2 the atoms are moving apart.
Which statement best describes the change occurring from Time 1 to Time 2 ?
A gas becoming a solid.
A gas becoming a liquid.
A solid becoming a liquid.
A liquid becoming a solid.
On the graph, what process is occurring when you go from 100 degrees Celsius to 0 degrees Celsius?
Freezing
Evaporation
Melting
Snow turns to liquid water when it
melts
freeze
collapses
transmits
Which of these describes an object's changing state of matter as the result of cooling?
ocean water evaporating on a sunny day
water droplets forming on a bathroom mirror
raindrops forming a rainbow after a thunderstorm
an ice cube becoming a puddle of water from blowing wind
Why did condensation focus on the outside of the glass?
The glass contained a liquid, while the air contained gases.
The water vapor in the hot air was cooled by the cold water in the glass.
The molecules in the liquid moved slower than the molecules in the surrounding air.
The air temperature on the outside was colder than the temperature of the water in the glass.
What change takes place in a substance as the molecular motion of that substance increases?
The substance changes from a liquid to a gas
The substance changes from a gas to a liquid.
The substance changes from a liquid to a solid.
The substance changes from a gas to a solid.
