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Human Anatomy: Endocrine System Review

Total questions: 35

Worksheet time: 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the Endocrine System?

a)

includes all the endocrine cells and tissues of the body that produce hormones or paracrine factors with effects beyond their tissues of origin

b)

Includes all of the epithelial cells and tissues of the body that line the exterior of the surface of the body whether the surface is outside or inside the body

c)

Includes all of the nerve cells and nervous tissue that send electrochemical signals to and from your body's tissues

d)

Includes all of the skeletal cells and all of the bones which provides a framework upon which muscles and tendons attach

2.

What are hormones?

a)

Electrochemical impulses which travel via nervous tissue and respond to external stimuli.

b)

Nutrients absorbed via the small intestine into the bloodstream and supply nutrients to every cell in the body

c)

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands into bloodstream, fluids. Small amounts have great affect

d)

Antibodies which reside in the bloodstream and lymphatic systems that fight off infection from foreign invaders

3.

A short-term hormone that speeds up heart rate and is secreted from the kidneys?

a)

noradrenaline

b)

androgen

c)

vasopressin

d)

adrenaline

4.

What hormones do the adrenal glands release?

a)

Epinephrine

b)

Glucagon

c)

Melatonin

d)

Progesterone

5.

The secretions from which endocrine gland regulate sleep cycles?

a)

Adrenal

b)

Pineal

c)

Pituitary

d)

Thymus

6.

What gland is the arrow pointing to in the picture?

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Pineal

c)

Testis

d)

Thymus

7.

Which statement describes the way in which the liver and pancreas work together?

a)

The liver releases hormones that cause the pancreas to store carbohydrates as glucose.

b)

The liver releases hormones that cause the pancreas to store carbohydrates as glycogen.

c)

The pancreas releases hormones that cause the liver to store carbohydrates as glucose.

d)

The pancreas releases hormones that cause the liver to store carbohydrates as glycogen.

8.

The spleen and thymus both function as part of which body system?

a)

Cardiovascular

b)

Integumentary

c)

Lymphatic and immune

d)

Urinary

9.

What hormone influences the body's growth over time and is secreted by the pituitary gland?

a)

prolactin

b)

oxytocin

c)

hGH (growth hormone)

d)

dopamine

10.

Glandular secreting cells that release their secretions into extra cellular fluid leading to blood; ductless glands

a)

Skeletal cells

b)

Endocrine Cells

c)

Epithelial Cells

d)

Nerve cells

11.

Which of the following are functions of the endocrine system?

a)

Maintain homeostasis

b)

Hormones are part of the slow-acting control system of the human body

c)

Regulate growth and development, sexual maturity, reproduction, metabolism, water balance, blood sugar levels, and more

d)

All of them

12.

Which endocrine gland generally monitors and controls many endocrine functions to maintain homeostasis (in nervous and endocrine). It produces ADH, OXT, and regulatory hormones.

a)

Pineal

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Thymus

d)

Thyroid

13.

Which endocrine gland regulates FSH, LH, hGH, PRL, ACTH, TSH, and endorphins?

a)

Pineal

b)

Anterior Pituitary

c)

Posterior Pituitary

d)

Thyroid

14.

Which endocrine gland releases OXT (oxytocin) and ADH?

a)

Pineal

b)

Anterior Pituitary

c)

Posterior Pituitary

d)

Thyroid

15.

Which endocrine gland secretes thymosin, is found under the sternum, it is large and active in infants and children, it matures lymphocytes, it is needed for healthy immune development, and atrophies in adulthood.

a)

Thyroid

b)

Thymus

c)

Pancreas

d)

Pituitary

16.

Which endocrine gland secretes thyroxine (T4 and T3) that regulates the body's metabolism?

a)

Thyroid

b)

Thymus

c)

Pancreas

d)

Pituitary

17.

What is needed in the diet for thyroid hormone synthesis, it regulates normal brain development in children, and it targets most cells in body?

a)

iodine

b)

calcium

c)

vitamin D

d)

potassium

18.

Which endocrine gland secretes melatonin, produces melatonin from serotonin, it is believed to respond to electromagnetic energy or one's orientation to latitude thereby influencing jet lag?

a)

Pineal

b)

Anterior pituitary

c)

Posterior pituitary

d)

thyroid

19.

Which hormone regulates sleep-wake cycle, aka circadian rhythm (amino acid derived)?

a)

hGH (growth hormone)

b)

Thymosin

c)

Melatonin

d)

Prolactin

20.

Which endocrine gland, when blood sugar is high, negative feedback causes insulin secretion to lower blood sugar by causing cellular uptake of glucose?

a)

Pancreas

b)

Liver

c)

Kidneys

d)

Thymus

21.

Which hormone found in the beta cells of the pancreas gland do the Islets of Langerhans secrete?

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

c)

androgens

d)

prolactin

22.

Which hormone found in the alpha cells of the pancreas gland do the Islets of Langerhans secrete?

a)

insulin

b)

glucagon

c)

androgens

d)

prolactin

23.

Which endocrine gland secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH), targets some bone and kidney cells, regulates the amount of calcium in blood and bones? PTH when released causes osteoclasts to destroy bone and release calcium to blood.

a)

Parathyroid

b)

Thymus

c)

Pituitary

d)

Kidneys

24.

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid, stimulates the inhibition of osteoclasts which slows the release of Ca from bones (amino acid)? The C Cells of thyroid respond directly to Ca levels in blood.

a)

insulin

b)

calcitonin

c)

androgens

d)

vasopressin

25.

Which hormone is a steroid, which is released in response to stress; increases blood glucose and suppresses immune system?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Adrenaline

c)

Noradrenaline

d)

Cortisol

26.

Which hormone is a steroid, increases sodium retention, raises blood pressure, retains water?

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Adrenaline

c)

Noradrenaline

d)

Cortisol

27.

Which hormone is a steroid, increases sodium retention, raises blood pressure, retains water?

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Adrenaline

c)

Noradrenaline

d)

Cortisol

28.

Which hormone, a steroid, stimulates maturing of primary male sex characteristics and organs; stimulates spermatogenesis

a)

Estrogen

b)

Testosterone

c)

Androgen

d)

Prolactin

29.

Which hormone, an amino acid, increases heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism, and blood flow to skeletal muscles?

a)

Adrenaline

b)

Vasopressin

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Dopamine

30.

Which hormone, an amino acid, stimulates the heart muscle?

a)

Adrenaline

b)

Noradrenaline

c)

Vasopressin

d)

Calcitonin

31.

Which endocrine gland secretes erythropoietin (peptide) to stimulate red blood cell and production in the bone marrow, it works with the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary glands to secrete and store antidiuretic hormones aka vasopressin (peptide) which retains water and constricts blood vessels

a)

Thymus

b)

Kidneys

c)

Thyroid

d)

Pancreas

32.

Which hormones have many receptors in the body including skin, bone, breast, uterus, and blood vessels and plays a key role in menstruation and ability to bear children?

a)

Testosterone and Androgen

b)

Calcitonin and Vasopressin

c)

hGH and Oxytocin

d)

Estrogen and Progesterone

33.

Which endocrine gland secretes testosterone?

a)

Ovaries

b)

Testes

c)

Kidneys

d)

Pituitary

34.

Which steroid sex hormone is produced in testes and small amounts in adrenal cortex of both sexes?

a)

Vasopressin

b)

Oxytocin

c)

Androgen

d)

Dopamine

35.

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. It is responsible for growth of bone length from birth through closing of epiphyseal plates. Dwarfism, gigantism, and acromegaly are linked to dysfunction of anterior pituitary resulting in over or under-secretion of hGH?

a)

Vasopressin

b)

Oxytocin

c)

Somatropin

d)

Dopamine