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Enlightenment Test Review

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Locke argued that we had 3 main natural rights. What are they? (Select 3)

a)

Life

b)

Liberty

c)

Pursuit of Happiness

d)

Property

2.

According to John Locke, if the government didn't protect the people's natural rights, what could the people do?

a)

Overthrow the government

b)

Petition the government for their rights

c)

Nothing, the people don't have rights

3.

Which American Founding Father did John Locke influence the most?

a)

Ben Franklin

b)

George Washington

c)

John Adams

d)

Thomas Jefferson

4.

What did Hobbes describe people as?

a)

kindhearted

b)

mean

c)

generous

d)

selfish

5.

In Hobbes' mind, who should be in charge?

a)

king

b)

pope

c)

queen

d)

himself

6.
For both Hobbes and Locke, the social contract is an agreement between...
a)
plaintiff and defendant
b)
sovereign states
c)
companies and shareholders
d)
citizens and government
7.
How did Locke view human nature?
a)
We are a born a 'blank slate', and we develop differently according to our life's experiences..
b)
We are naturally altruistic and usually willing to compromise.
c)
We are inquisitive and industrious.
d)
We are naturally selfish and quick to fight.
8.

This system makes sure that no one branch can have too much power.

a)

democracy

b)

impeachment

c)

checks and balances

d)

election

9.
What is an absolute monarchy? 
a)
A system where the King or Queen rules by listening to what the public has to say.
b)
A King or Queen rules, but laws or ideas must be accepted by the majority of the nation.
c)
A system where the King or Queen has complete authority over the government and people.
d)
The King or Queen has absolutely no power.
10.
What does it mean for a King to have Divine Right? 
a)
Rules by the power and blessing of God. 
b)
Rules by the suggestions of the people.
c)
Rules by listening to the Church to make decisions.
d)
The King is not really in power at all. 
11.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Absolutism? 
a)
Rule by fear.
b)
Generous to others.
c)
Answers to the people. 
d)
Weak central government.
12.
Enlightened thinkers based their philosophical beliefs on what two things?
a)
power and privilege
b)
money and fame
c)
good looks and charm
d)
reason and logic
13.

French Enlightenment philosopher who strongly believed in freedom of speech and religion

a)

Voltaire

b)

Denis Diderot

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

John Locke

14.
Enlightenment philosopher who believed to limit government, that it should be divided into separate branches that shared power.
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Rousseau
d)
Voltaire
15.
Locke believed that a government's power came from its ___________________.
a)
A. army
b)
B. power
c)
C. people
d)
D. science
16.

How did the ideas of the Enlightenment philosophers most influence popular revolutions in France and in the United States?

a)

by explaining that society could be improved through scientific discovery

b)

by challenging the belief in the divine right of kings

c)

by stressing the importance of military strength

d)

by examining other countries as models of self-government

17.

What revolutions did the Enlightenment Period influence?

a)

Russian Revolution/American Revolution

b)

French Revolution/Russian Revolution

c)

American Revolution/French Revolution

d)

Russian Revolution/Bolshevik Revolution

18.

The Enlightenment Period encouraged people to question who and what?

a)

Church/Bible

b)

Bible/Society

c)

Government/Neoclassicalism

d)

Government/Church

19.

Voltaire's fight for individual rights were for

a)

freedom of speech

b)

tolerance

c)

freedom of religion

d)

all of the above

20.
Which of the following was NOT a new idea about government stemming from the Enlightenment period?
a)
Absolutism
b)
Social Contract
c)
Checks and Balance
d)
Separation of Powers
21.

The theory that an agreement to exchange some freedoms for protection exists between the people and their ruler or government - if the government breaks this agreement, the people have a right to rebel

a)

Human rights

b)

Divine right of Kings

c)

Social welfare

d)

Social contract

22.

This English philosopher and feminist argued that the 'divine right of husbands', like the 'divine right of kings', should be done away with

a)

Olympe de Gouges

b)

Mary Wollstonecraft

c)

Cesare Beccaria

d)

John Locke

23.

This enlightenment philosopher argued strongly in favor of free speech as a human right, and criticized intolerance and oppression, especially that of the Catholic Church

a)

John Locke

b)

Voltaire

c)

Thomas Hobbes

d)

Olympe de Gouges

24.

This philosopher was the first to propose two major features of modern American government - Separation of powers and Checks & Balances

a)

Thomas Hobbes

b)

Baron de Montesquieu

c)

Olympe de Gouges

d)

John Locke

25.

Who was Peter the Great?

a)

This man promoted Westernization campaigns to make his country more European

b)

This man demonstrated absolutism by building the city Versailles as a way of distracting the French nobility

c)

This man didn't believe that the average person was intelligent enough to participate in government, which led him to believe that enlightened monarchy was best

d)

This man thought that humans were naturally greedy and chaotic and would need a large government to control them

26.

Who was Louis XIV?

a)

This man promoted Westernization campaigns to make his country more European

b)

This man demonstrated absolutism by building Versailles as a way of distracting the French nobility

c)

This man believed that humans were naturally good and would not need a large government to rule over them.

d)

This man did not believe that the average person was intelligent enough to participate in government, which led him to believe that an enlightened monarchy was best.

27.
What body in England placed limits on the powers of the monarchs?
a)
The Church
b)
Parliament
c)
Universities
d)
Foreign governments
28.

When Peter the Great returned from Western Europe what changes did he make?

a)

Reformed education.

b)

Created academies to teach Math, Science, and Engineering

c)

Improved manufacturing and trade

d)

Ordered Russians to shave their beards, wear western style clothing and forget their traditions

29.

How many wives did Henry have?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

8

30.

How many wives did King Henry Execute ?

a)

6

b)

3

c)

2

d)

9

31.

Why did Henry VIII break with Rome and the Catholic Church?

a)

For personal reasons - He wanted to divorce Katherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn.

b)

For economic reasons - He wanted to stop paying taxes to the Catholic Church and thought he could take some of the Church's wealth.

c)

For political reasons - He wanted a male heir as he worried a Queen would not be accepted by the country as a true ruler.

d)

For religious reasons - Henry hated the Catholic Church and wanted to change everything.

32.

What did Henry VIII ask the Pope for?

a)

He asked to create a new religion.

b)

He asked to be allowed to divorce his wife.

c)

He asked to be made head of the church.

d)

He asked for help in a war against the Spanish.

33.
Louis XIV built a new capital city, and palace, in this French town.
a)
Normandy
b)
Paris
c)
Sienne
d)
Versailles
34.

What name did Louis XIV give himself?

a)
The Sun King
b)

Louis the Great

c)
The Most Catholic King
d)
The Lord Protectorate
35.

Why was the Palace of Versailles built?

a)

To flaunt the wealth and power of France

b)

To house all of France's money

c)

To downsize the capital

d)

To protect the French border

36.

King Philip II was the king of which country?

a)

France

b)

Germany

c)

Spain

d)

Austria

37.

King Philip II was tolerant of other religions.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

How did King Philip II fund his conquests?

a)

Spent his own personal money

b)

took out loans

c)

Spain had a large stash of gold

d)

Heavily taxed the people

39.

When Philip conquered Portugal he began to do what?

a)

Slaughter Jewish and Muslim people for their "Unholy" beliefs

b)

Called himself the Sun King

c)

Build a fleet to conquer England

d)

Tax the Portuguese people to regain wealth

40.

King Philip did which of these things? (May be multiple answers)

a)

Persecuted Lutherans and burned them at the stake

b)

Targeted Protestants in Mexico and burned them at the stake

c)

Conquered Portugal and slaughtered Jews and Muslims

d)

Changed the government to a network of "Viceroys" who report directly to him

41.
I believe in women's rights and women's education. Who am I?
a)
John Locke
b)
Thomas Hobbes
c)
Mary Wollstonecraft
d)
Montesquieu
42.

Mary Wollstonecraft said what was the key to equality among men and women?

a)

leading roles in hollywood movies

b)

career paths

c)

Education

d)

wages

43.

Mary, her sister, and her best friend opened what for five years?

a)

Bakery

b)

School for girls

c)

library

d)

Clothes store

44.

Mary Wollstonecraft is called the mother of what movement?

a)

Feminism

b)

Unschooling

c)

No taxation without representation

d)

Civil Rights movement

45.
A time period, mostly in the 1700's, where philosophers and thinkers thought science and reason could improve all humanity.
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Great Awakening
c)
American Revolution
d)
French Revolution
46.

Catherine the Great is remembered has doing what for Russia.

a)

Improving education for women.

b)

Bringing literature, music, and art to the people.

c)

Modernizing Russia. Continued Peter the Greats vision

d)

All of the above.

47.

What is an Enlightened Despot?

a)

An Enlightened Despot is an absolute monarch who uses enlightenment ideas in their reforms

b)

An Enlightened Despot is an absolute monarch who sees the light

c)

An Enlightened Despot is an absolute monarch who is not concerned with the ideas of the people

d)

An Enlightened Despot is an absolute monarch who is interested in the lighting section at Home Depot

48.

Joseph II of Austria once threatened to step down as co-ruler if his mother did not stop persecuting religious minorities like Jews and Muslims.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

What are some of the major reforms of Joseph II?

a)

Establish schools for religious minorities

b)

Offered scholarships for poor students

c)

Ended torture, death penalty, and other brutal punishments

d)

Created a land tax that taxed the nobles

50.

Frederick the Great of Prussia had which enlightenment thinker live at his palace?

a)

Locke

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

51.

What is Frederick the Great known for?

a)

Calling himself the Sun king and spending $2 billion dollars on a palace

b)

Modernized Prussia's government, military, tax system and was a patron of the arts.

c)

Traveling to western Europe to help modernize Russia

d)

Burned heretics at the stake

52.

What happened to all of Joseph II's policies and reforms after his reign?

a)

The successor would reverse almost all of his reforms

b)

The successor would continue the reforms