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Unit Review: Evolution

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement describes evolution?

a)

change in biodiversity across Earth's surface

b)

relationship between organisms' structure and function

c)

change in the genetic makeup of a population over time

d)

beneficial inherited trait that is passed to future generations

2.

What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

a)

RECENT common ancestry

b)

similar environments in the past

c)

evolution from a DISTANT common ancestor

d)

no evolutionary relationship between the groups

3.

Scientists believe that all eukaryotes share a common ancestry because the nucleotides that make up all eukaryotic DNA are _____.

a)

free

b)

ancient

c)

complex

d)

the same

4.

If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n) _____.

a)

early ancestor

b)

close relative

c)

unrelated organism

d)

embryological stage

5.

Which statement is true about natural selection?

a)

It forms new traits.

b)

It acts on variable traits.

c)

It forms new genetic material.

d)

It acts on genetic material directly.

6.

Genetic variation can be increased by _____.

a)

overproduction

b)

heritable mutations

c)

asexual reproduction

d)

individual adaptations

7.

What did Darwin learn from the giant armadillo fossil he found in Argentina?

a)

Fossils do not resemble modern animals.

b)

All organisms used to be marine organisms.

c)

An earthquake led to the extinction of dinosaurs.

d)

Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms.

8.

Fossils of marine organisms high in the Andes Mountains led Darwin to conclude that _____.

a)

Earth is 6,000 years old

b)

an earthquake had taken place

c)

great change can happen over time

d)

interspecific variation had taken place

9.

Natural selection is the process by which _____.

a)

random mutations arise as new organisms develop

b)

baseball players pass on the trait for strong arm muscles to children

c)

change occurs in the genetic characteristics of individuals that live together in an environment from one generation to another

d)

organisms with traits well suited to their environment reproduce at a greater rate than less well adapted organisms in the same environment

10.

What increases genetic variation when animals move from one population to another population?

a)

gene flow

b)

genetic drift

c)

sexual selection

d)

bottleneck effect

11.

The five factors that can lead to evolution are gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, and _____.

a)

emigration

b)

immigration

c)

sexual selection

d)

controlled mating

12.

What term describes a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring?

a)

hybrids

b)

species

c)

founders

d)

community

13.

A physical trait favored by an environmental change can be called an

a)

adaptation

b)

extinction

c)

possibility

d)

mutation

14.

Two populations of the same species are separated by land barriers like rivers or mountains.

a)

geographical isolation

b)

temporal isolation

c)

adaptive ratiation

d)

behavioral isolaton

15.

After a long time in isolation, Island fruit flies and mainland fruit flies meet. They do not produce viable eggs due to genetic differences. The flies have resulted in two seperate lineages due to:

a)

Gene Pool

b)

Genetic Drift

c)

Gene Frequency

d)

Speciation

16.

All of these finches have different shaped beaks, they are an adaptation to gain access of

a)

Water

b)

Food

c)

Shelter

d)

Mates

17.

According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce?

a)

Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes.

b)

Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are.

c)

Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes.

d)

Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment.

18.
In natural selection, the selective agent is the
a)
humans
b)
mutations
c)
breeders
d)
environment
19.
what did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations of the Galapagos Islands off the coast of South America?
a)
different species on different islands
b)
all species on one of the islands
c)
identical species on all the islands
d)
the same species as North America
20.

Mutations are important because they bring about

a)

death of the organism in which they develop

b)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

c)

benefits for the individual, not for the population

d)

Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population

21.
Which of the following is a term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring?
a)
individual
b)
population
c)
species
d)
fossil
22.

Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?

a)

Bacteria reproduce quickly

b)

Bacteria with a resistance to the antibiotic, passed that trait to offspring

c)

Bacteria that are resistant reproduce faster than non resistant strains

d)

Bacteria exposed to antibiotics develop a resistance to them

23.

Genetic drift is change in the allele frequency of a population due to...

a)

random chance

b)

natural selection

c)

non-random mating (sexual selection)

d)

artificial selection

24.

A(n)________ is a measure of how common a certain allele is in a population.

a)

Allele Frequency

b)

Gene Pool

c)

Genotypical Number

d)

Genetic Drift

25.

Which word means the formation of new species?

a)

speciation

b)

specialization

c)

founder effect

d)

sexual selection

26.

When members of two populations reproduce during different times.

a)

behavioral isolation

b)

temporal isolation

c)

geographic isolation

d)

calendar isolation

27.
What is this an example of?
a)
diversity of species
b)
variation
c)
vestigial structures
d)
DNA studies
28.

Type of reproductive barrier evidenced by this diagram.

a)

Temporal isolation

b)

Habitat (geographic) isolation

c)

Behavioral isolation

d)

Mechanical isolation

e)

Gametic isolation

29.

Some organisms have features that have different functions, but similar structures. One example is the forelimb of humans, dogs, birds, and whales. What term best describes the relationship between these forelimbs?

a)

They are homologous.

b)

They are vestigial.

c)

They are analogous.

d)

They are embryological.

30.

How do fossils support evolution?

a)

Individual species disappear and reappear in the fossil record over time.

b)

Organisms in the fossil record are identical to living organisms.

c)

The fossil record provides evidence that all organisms developed at the same time.

d)

The fossil record provides evidence that organisms have changed over time.

31.

What best describes the hind leg bones seen in the whale?

a)

The bones are analogous structures to the fins of living fish.

b)

The bones are vestigial structures that had a function in an ancestor.

c)

The bones are homologous structures to the wings of butterflies.

d)

The bones are fossil structures from an extinct ancestor.

32.

Which of the following would best determine whether two plant species share a recent common ancestor?

a)

Flowering times

b)

DNA sequences

c)

Stem lengths

d)

Habitat distribution

33.

Which scientist visited the Galapagos Islands, observed traits in finches, and came up with the theory of natural selection?

a)

Alfred Russell Wallace

b)

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

c)

Carolus Linnaeus

d)

Charles Darwin

34.

Mutations are important because they bring about --

a)

death in the organisms in which they develop.

b)

benefits for the individual, not the population.

c)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve.

d)

equilibrium within a population.

35.
How does embryology support the Theory of Evolution?
a)
It shows that they have a common ancestor because of their similarities.
b)
         I'm not sure.
c)
Animals change over time. 
36.
A change in the inherited characteristics of an organism over time is ________
a)
evolution.
b)
development.
c)
growth.
d)
ancestry.
37.
The most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved is known as ________________________.
a)
a common ancestor.
b)
an embryonic stage.
c)
development.
d)
evolution.
38.
Common ancestry relates to evolution because
a)
evolution only happens when there are common ancestors.
b)
Common ancestors make evolution happen more quickly.
c)
evolution can never take place with common ancestors.
d)
the more two organisms have in common, the more recent is their common ancestor during their evolution.
39.
In stage one (top row) of these embryos, most of the embryos________
a)
look very similar.
b)
have very different features.
c)
show different stages of development.
d)
have only a tail if they are non-human.
40.

What type of evidence is shown in the image above?

a)

Fossils

b)

Vestigial structures

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

DNA

41.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
42.

A type of structure that is physically present, but does not seem to serve a significant function for an organism.

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

Standard structure

43.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
44.
For evolution to happen, this has to occur first:
a)
an organism finds a new mate
b)
and organism's DNA changes
c)
The environment in which a species lives changes
d)
the population increases
45.
Kangaroos and opossums both incubate their immature in pouches. This means they -
a)
share a common ancestor
b)
possess vestigial organs
c)
have similar skeleltal structures
d)
belong to the same species
46.
How would you describe this picture? butterly vs. bat wing
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaption
d)
Functional adaption
47.
Breeding dogs for specific desired traits is an example of which type of evolutionary evidence?
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Embryology
c)
Fossils
d)
Biochemical molecules
48.

What characteristic do all the organisms on this cladogram share?

a)

Being bi-pedal & having language

b)

Complex brains

c)

Fully binocular vision

d)

Partial binocular vision & opposable thumbs

49.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
50.
You look at two species and see very similar amino acid sequences. What does this likely tell you?
a)
These are the same animal.
b)
These animals have a common ancestor.
c)
These animals are not likely related.
d)
These animals are likely becoming one species.