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WH 2nd Semester Final Review 21-22

Total questions: 170

Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Isaac Newton's universal law that showed how one law could explain all motion in the universe

a)

Law of Gravitation

b)

Law of Planetary Motion

c)

Heliocentric Theory

d)

Ninja Turtles are cool

2.

Who was the first to argue that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe?

a)

Ptolemy

b)

Nicholas Copernicus

c)

Johannes Kepler

d)

Spongebob

3.

In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept, an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will

a)

Separation of Powers

b)

Checks & Balances

c)

Satire to tackle difficult issues

d)

Social Contract

4.

In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept of a social contract,

a)

the majority or general will of a society governed

b)

punishments are not exercises in brutality, and capital punishment is discarded

c)

the government should not interfere in economic matters

d)

women should be granted rights nearly equal to those of men

5.

The Scientific Method applies

a)

to only math and science

b)

to all human ideas and practices including government

c)

to math, science and philosophy but not government

d)

only to science

6.

John Locke's ideas suggested that people were

a)

born either good or evil

b)

inherently self-centered

c)

naturally inclined to be stupid

d)

molded by their experiences

7.

Montesquieu's most lasting contribution to political thought was his

a)

analysis of the governmental system of check and balances

b)

identification of the natural laws that governed human society

c)

theory that the government should interfere with religious matters

d)

idea that punishments should be brutal to be effective

8.

European philosophers began applying a scientific view to understanding the world because they could apply the scientific method instead of relying solely on religious faith.

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Maybe

9.

French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers to ensure a system of checks & balances

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Locke

c)

Rousseau

d)

Napoleon

10.

What was the Enlightenment?

a)

a new intellectual movement that stressed reason, thought and the power of the individual to solve problems

b)

a movement to change the world by starting revolutions in every country

c)

being woke

d)

a new scientific movement that stressed repeated experimentation to prove the laws of nature

11.

The Scientific Revolution was a period of

a)

learning where Asians understood the basic laws of nature and applied reasoning to science

b)

learning where Europeans understood the basic laws of nature and applied reasoning to science

c)

learning where philosophers taught science

d)

learning where people understood everything about the universe

12.

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first European to study the galaxy using a telescope

a)

Marco Polo

b)

Copernicus

c)

Galilei

d)

Kepler

13.

Came up with Heliocentric Theory- a model that said the Sun, not the Earth was the center of the universe

a)

Copernicus

b)

Galilei

c)

Kepler

d)

Newton

14.

Helped formulate the Scientific Method by combining his thinking with Descartes and formalize the empirical method

a)

Bacon

b)

Boyle

c)

Cavendish

d)

Vesalius

15.

English scientist and mathematician who established the theories of gravity and invented Calculus

a)

Lavoisier

b)

Newton

c)

Vesalius

d)

Winkelmann

16.

German astronomer who discovered a comet

a)

Cavendish

b)

Winkelmann

c)

Lavoisier

d)

Kepler

17.

Favored "revolution" as a way for political change; wrote the Declaration of Independence using Enlightenment ideas

a)

Hobbes

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Rousseau

d)

Jefferson

18.

French Philosopher who used satire as his form of writing about politics; attacked injustice and intolerance

a)

Rousseau

b)

Voltaire

c)

Wollstonecraft

d)

Montesquieu

19.

English philosopher; Believed in "natural law" this guaranteed people "life, liberty, and property"; said that government was created to protect the inalienable rights of the people

a)

Locke

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Rousseau

d)

Jefferson

20.

Edited the first Encyclopedia to spread ideas so that people would think more rationally and critically

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Diderot

c)

Rousseau

d)

Wollstonecraft

21.

French philosopher who believed that government powers should be separated among different branches to form a system of checks and balances.

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Voltaire

c)

Wollstonecraft

d)

Locke

22.

English writer and one of the first women to advocate women's rights and equal education.

a)

Locke

b)

Montesquieu

c)

Rousseau

d)

Wollstonecraft

e)

Voltaire

23.

French philosopher; ideas were the basis for "majority rule"

a)

Hobbes

b)

Diderot

c)

Rousseau

d)

Voltaire

24.

Ideas and scientific breakthroughs were published in this.

a)

Wollstonecraft

b)

Encyclopedia

c)

Google machine

d)

glossy magazines

25.

What was the new, lighter, more elegant form of music that developed during the Enlightenment?

a)

Baroque

b)

New Wave

c)

Whig

d)

Classical

26.

Which of the following were NOT causes championed by Enlightenment thinkers?

a)

abolition of serfdom and social equality of the classes

b)

divine right of kings and censorship of the press

c)

social equality of the classes

d)

separation of church and state

27.

The Bill of Rights in the US Govt, reflects the enlightened thought of which philosophe?

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Rousseau

c)

Voltaire

d)

Astell

28.

Why did Nicolaus Copernicus wait until late in his life to publish his theory of a heliocentric universe?

a)

He feared criticism from politicians.

b)

He feared punishment by church officials.

c)

He had little money to hire a printer of his work.

d)

He needed to be sure of his mathematical calculations.

29.

How did Newton explain the role of God in the universe?

a)

He believed God had little interest in the problems of humanity.

b)

He believed God was periodically communicating with saints to reveal his purpose.

c)

He imagined God as a clockmaker who created an orderly universe and then left it alone.

d)

He thought that God periodically punished humans who disobeyed him with disaster or disease.

30.

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed & had created the world, like a watchmaker, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

a)

deism

b)

materialism

c)

skepticism

d)

theism

31.

Which of the following is an ideal promoted by eighteenth-century French intellectuals?

a)

The government of a nation should be led by a tyrant.

b)

The actions of an individual should be based on reason.

c)

The beliefs of a person should be based on superstition.

d)

The conclusions of a person should be based on assumption.

32.

Who believed in rationalism, which is the concept that actions or beliefs should be based on reason?

a)

Absolutists

b)

Monarchists

c)

Philosophes

d)

Puritans

33.

Why did Roman Catholic Church officials dislike Diderot’s Encyclopedia?

a)

The Encyclopedia promoted Protestant ideals and the church feared losing support.

b)

They wanted more articles written about the Catholic Church instead of government.

c)

The Encyclopedia rivaled their collection of church history being made available to the public.

d)

They believed that the articles unfairly criticized the church and its influence.

34.

What did attempts to censor Diderot’s Encyclopedia by the Roman Catholic Church fail to stop the spread of?

a)

Capitalist

b)

Enlightenment

c)

Socialist

d)

Utilitarian

35.

How did the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution affect Europeans regarding religion?

a)

Europeans questioned their faith in religion.

b)

Europeans became less tolerant of other religions.

c)

Europeans began to explore the mystical aspects of religion.

d)

Europeans began to understand the similarities between world religions.

36.

The Scientific Revolution had the effect of creating a more secular, or nonreligious, society which led to a rise in what?

a)

feudalism

b)

individualism

c)

mysticism

d)

nationalism

37.

The French Revolution was

a)

an attempt by rebelling French provinces to gain their freedom

b)

an attempt by the French government to change the national religion

c)

an attempt by the French people to overthrow their absolute monarchy

d)

an attempt by the French to conquer Europe

38.

All of the following are major causes of the French Revolution except

a)

involvement in the American Revolution

b)

The rise of Napoleon

c)

Influence from Enlightenment ideas

d)

Dissatisfaction with their absolute monarchy

39.

Indirect causes of the French Revolution include all of the following except

a)

Influence from Enlightenment ideas

b)

The American Revolutionary War

c)

The poor economy of France

d)

The Declaration of Independence

40.

What did The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen proclaim?

a)

equal rights for all men, but no political rights for women

b)

an end to the monarchy and the abolishing of a National Assembly

c)

equal rights for all citizens, including equal political rights for women

d)

an end to the National police force

41.

Who were the bourgeoisie?

a)

Middle class

b)

Peasants

c)

Nobility

d)

Clergy

42.

Which of the following phrases correctly describes the three Estates system in France prior to the French Revolution?

a)

The First Estate was made up of the majority of the people

b)

The Third Estate deeply resented the privileges of the first two Estates

c)

There was social mobility between the Estates

d)

The Second and Third Estate worked well together to make reforms

43.

What did the term "sans-culottes," meaning "without breeches," imply about who the members of this political group were?

a)

women, because they wore skirts

b)

very poor and could not afford pants

c)

pacifists who did not use guns

d)

ordinary patriots without fine clothes

44.

The execution of who ended The Reign of Terror?

a)

Lord Talleyrand

b)

Prince Metternich

c)

King Louis XVI

d)

Maximilian Robespierre

45.

What group redrew the old European boundaries after Napoleons defeat?

a)

Concert of Europe

b)

National Assembly

c)

Carlsbad Decrees

d)

Congress of Vienna

46.

Who did Napoleon overthrow when he seized power?

a)

First Estate

b)

Consulate

c)

Directory

d)

Monarchy

47.

What was true of the members of the Third Estate before the revolution?

a)

a smaller tax burden than the other estates

b)

a voice in government equal to that of the First and Second Estates

c)

greater political influence that the clergy

d)

a high tax burden and little political power

48.

What was the major factor in Napoleon's failure to defeat Russia?

a)

the harsh Russian winter

b)

Russian naval supremacy

c)

The opposition of the Catholic Church

d)

The Continental System

49.

Which of the following did not contribute to the French financial crisis?

a)

Lavish spending by Louis XV as well as earlier monarchs

b)

Years of bad harvests

c)

The storming of the Bastille

d)

Costly wars

50.

One main focus of the Congress of Vienna was to

a)

Support revolutions in Europe

b)

Reestablish old monarchies

c)

Support Napoleon's claim to the throne of France

d)

Attempt to place Metternich on the throne of Austria

51.

Where did Napoleon meet his final defeat?

a)

Trafalgar

b)

The Pyramids

c)

Bordino

d)

Waterloo

52.

What was the Congress of Vienna?

a)

an attempt to create an international European lawmaking body

b)

a group of leaders and diplomats meeting to reestablish a balance of power in Europe after the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars

c)

Napoleon's attempt to make Europeans feel like they had some power during his reign

d)

Congress of European nations meeting to set economic limits on production

53.

What Parisian prison and armory was stormed by a mob, marking the beginning of the Revolution?

a)

Bastille

b)

Versailles

c)

Tennis Court

d)

Estates

e)

Monarchy

54.

What group ruled France during the Reign of Terror and was headed by Robespierre?

a)

Estates General

b)

Committee of Public Safety

c)

the First Estate

d)

Directory

e)

National Assembly

55.

What was the period of the Revolution called in which close to 40,000 people were killed?

a)

Reign of Terror

b)

Estates General Mayhem

c)

Directory of Doom

d)

Reign of Napoleon

56.

What is the unique cultural identity of a people based on their common factors?

a)

Bourgeoisie

b)

Nationalism

c)

National Assembly

d)

Representative Democracy

57.

The Civil or Napoleonic Code preserved most of the gains of the revolution, except for which group who had their rights severely curtailed?

a)

peasants

b)

women

c)

the clergy

d)

nobility

58.

One of Napoleon's first moves after the coup d' etat was to make peace with the oldest enemy of the revolution, the_______.

a)

Bourgeoisie

b)

Nobility

c)

Monarchy

d)

Catholic Church

59.

Which estate was 97% of the population of France; consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes, merchants, bankers & the peasants; they paid high taxes and had no special privileges or political power?

a)

First

b)

Second

c)

Third

60.

Which estate included members of the nobility; owned 20% of land; was 2% of population?

a)

First

b)

Second

c)

Third

61.

A major cause of the French Revolution was that French society was marked by this

a)

Inequality

b)

Harmony

c)

Mobility

d)

Laziness

62.

Participation in American Revolution, Enlightenment ideas, dissatisfaction with their absolute monarchy; poor harvests; high taxes on 3rd Estate; Enlightenment ideas; poor leadership from Louis XVI-- are all ___

a)

Causes of the French Revolution

b)

Developments of the French Revolution

63.

Which of the following is not a freedom found in the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen?

a)

freedom of speech

b)

freedom of religion

c)

freedom from paying taxes

d)

freedom from arbitrary imprisonment

64.

All of the following are part of the slogan of the French Revolution that reminded revolutionaries of the democratic nature of the Revolution EXCEPT:

a)

Liberty

b)

Unity

c)

Equality

d)

Fraternity

65.

The Industrial Revolution began where?

a)

France

b)

Great Britain

c)

United States

d)

Germany

66.

How could the Industrial Revolution be defined as?

a)

The transformation from handmade to machine-made production.

b)

The invention of electricity as a source of power.

c)

The movement of people from urban areas to rural areas.

d)

The transformation from hunting and gathering to farming.

67.

All of the following are features of the Agricultural Revolution EXCEPT:

a)

Enclosure movement

b)

Crop rotation

c)

Water plow

d)

Seed drill

68.

The factors that contributed to Great Britain’s industrial success included all of the following EXCEPT

a)

a labor pool comprised of displaced farmers.

b)

rich natural resources and a river network that provided transport.

c)

an abundance of capital.

d)

slave labor to work in the factories.

69.

People involved in cottage industry (domestic system) earned money by working

a)

in unionized factories

b)

in textile mills

c)

on the estates of large rural landlords

d)

at home

70.

The Industrial Revolution began with which of the following types of manufacturing?

a)

Rail

b)

Textile

c)

Iron and steel

d)

Shipbuilding

71.

Which of the following applies to the impact on women and children of the Industrial Revolution?

a)

Women and children were exploited as cheap labor in the early stages of the Revolution

b)

Women and children maintained the same style of life as before

c)

Women and children were denied better education

d)

Working conditions never improved for women and children

72.

The British tradition of planting crops and grazing on village lands was ended by the

a)

depression

b)

enclosure movement

c)

factory system

d)

domestic system

73.

The most common demands made by workers were ____________ and _____________.

a)

Higher wages; longer breaks.

b)

Lower wages; more vacation time.

c)

Higher wages; friendlier bosses.

d)

Higher wages; shorter working hours.

74.

What is imperialism?

a)

empire-building

b)

industrializing the world

c)

building up of one's army

d)

one country dominating another

75.

What is a colony?

a)

a country of territory governed internally by a foreign power

b)

a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

c)

an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

d)

Where an independent but less-developed country is controlled by private business interests rather than governments

76.

What is a protectorate?

a)

a country of territory governed internally by a foreign power

b)

a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

c)

an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

d)

Where an independent but less-developed country is controlled by private business interests rather than governments

77.

What is a sphere of influence?

a)

a country of territory governed internally by a foreign power

b)

a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

c)

an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

d)

Where an independent but less-developed country is controlled by private business interests rather than governments

78.

What is economic imperialism?

a)

a country of territory governed internally by a foreign power

b)

a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power

c)

an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

d)

Where an independent but less-developed country is controlled by private business interests rather than governments

79.

Which of the following is NOT an economic reason for European countries to imperialize?

a)

need for raw materials

b)

need for factory workers to move to Europe

c)

need for new markets to sell goods

d)

need for cheap labor to gather raw materials

80.

Which of the following is NOT a social/religious reason for European countries to imperialize?

a)

desire to spread Christianity

b)

desire to spread superior European culture

c)

"white man's burden"

d)

desire to learn African culture

81.

Which of the following is NOT a political reason for European countries to imperialize?

a)

geopolitical strategy

b)

nationalism

c)

spreading monarchy

82.

What was the goal of the Berlin Conference?

a)

divide up Africa and avoid fighting

b)

sign peace treaties with African nations

c)

devise plan for creating colonies around Africa's ethnicities

d)

sign peace treaties to end wars in Africa

83.

What was the result of the Berlin Conference?

a)

European countries took control of all of the African continent

b)

European countries made the continent of Africa into a sphere of influence

c)

European countries agreed not to fight each other in Africa

d)

European countries divided up Africa in an orderly manner

84.

What did the British acquire for its geopolitical benefits?

a)

Suez Canal

b)

India

c)

Panama Canal

d)

Australia

85.

What is the Suez Canal?

a)

connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Central America

b)

connects the Mediterranean and Red Seas in Egypt

c)

connects the Antarctic and Indian Oceans in India

d)

connects the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in South Africa

86.

Who was forced to resign after trying to overthrow the South African Republic?

a)

Joseph Chamberlain

b)

James Watt

c)

David Livingstone

d)

Cecil Rhodes

87.

Why is the Sepoy Mutiny considered a turning point in Indian history?

a)

marked an end of British rule in India

b)

marked beginning of direct British control in India

c)

most violent rebellion in Indian history

d)

only successful non-violent rebellion in Indian history

88.

How did Gandhi look to end British power in India?

a)

Through violent protests

b)

Through economic sanctions

c)

Through non-violent protests

d)

Through declarations of war

89.

What was the policy allowing everyone to trade in China called?

a)

The Open Door Policy

b)

The Spheres of Influence

c)

The Poppy Policy

d)

The Boxer Policy

90.

Why did the Boxer Rebellion occur?

a)

Nobles wanted to overthrow the British government

b)

Peasants were angry with foreigners in China

c)

Peasants were angry with the Chinese Emperor

d)

Opium traders wanted to be able to trade without restrictions

91.

Which of the following best describes China under imperialism?

a)

China's Emperor was weak and lost control

b)

China's military was corrupt and assisted the British

c)

European countries fought wars with each other for control of the country

d)

European countries lacked significant influence in China

92.

What is the "Culture System"?

a)

incentive for Asians to adapt to European languages

b)

where Indonesians paid taxes with crops or labor

c)

clashes of Asian cultures over race and religion

d)

integration of Asian cultures into one

93.

What was the Chinese revolt against imperialism called?

a)

Sepoy Mutiny

b)

Open Door Policy

c)

Boxer Rebellion

d)

peaceful protests

94.

What is the belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples called?

a)

urbanization

b)

imperialism

c)

Darwinism

d)

"white man's burden"

95.

How did European imperialism lead to famines?

a)

they forced their colonies to sell their crops and not eat them

b)

they didn't know what crops would grow their

c)

they forced them to work in mines instead of on farms

d)

they forced them to grow cash crops instead of food

96.

Why was India called the "jewel in the crown" of the British Empire?

a)

it gave them easy access to all the colonies in Africa and Asia

b)

It served as a training ground for British troops

c)

It was the richest colony they had because of shipping tolls

d)

It gave them a jumping off points to conquer the Indian Ocean

97.

Which of the following was not a contributing factor to the Great War?

a)

American expansionism

b)

increased militarism

c)

competing rivalries in Europe

d)

intensifying nationalism

98.

Name of the Brit ship destroyed by the German U-boat while carrying US citizens & ammo

a)

Conscription

b)

Lusitania

c)

Lady Liberty

d)

Titanic

99.

What was the first part of the Schlieffen plan?

a)

Germany must attack France quickly through Belgium

b)

Great Britain must attack Germany by the North Sea

c)

German troops should travel east to attack Russia

d)

Great Britain must defend Belgium

100.

What is meant by a war of attrition?

a)

Waiting for the other side to attack

b)

A rapid war of maneuver

c)

A war of technology

d)

Opponents try to wear each other down by constant attacks

101.

What did the US do when the Great War began in 1914?

a)

Attacked Germany

b)

Sent soldiers to England

c)

Declared neutrality

d)

Invaded Mexico

102.

What type of weapon was NOT used during World War I?

a)

Tank

b)

Airplane

c)

Atomic bomb

d)

Poison gas

103.

In 1916, all of these countries were part of the Central Powers EXCEPT

a)

Germany

b)

Italy

c)

Austria- Hungary

d)

Ottoman Empire

104.

How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany?

a)

it stabilized Germany’s economy

b)

it left Germany humiliated and resentful

c)

it left German weaker, although still a great power

d)

it allowed Germany an easy reconciliation with its neighbors

105.

What does M.A.I.N. stand for?

a)

Militarism, Allegiance, Independence, Nationalism

b)

Money, Alliances, Imperialism, Navy

c)

Militarism, Alliances, Isolationism, Nationalism

d)

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

106.

Germany was satisfied with the peace treaty after World War I.

a)

True

b)

False

107.

Reparation means payment for damages.

a)

True

b)

False

108.

What would troops use for protection during WWI?

a)

Trench warfare

b)

Mustard Gas

c)

Total war

d)

Trench Foot

109.

Why was Germany upset about the Treaty of Versailles?

a)

Article 231 forced them to break up their empire

b)

Article 231 forced them to apologize for the war

c)

Article 231 forced them to join the League of Nations

d)

Article 231 forced them to take blame for WWI & pay reparations

110.

What treaty officially ended World War I?

a)

The Armistice

b)

Treaty of Versailles

c)

Treaty of Paris

d)

The Paris Peace Conference

111.

Trench Warfare led to....

a)

quick mobilization of armies with steady advances

b)

stalemate with both sides basically bogged down long periods

c)

swift decisive victories on both sides

d)

innovative tactics & strategies with new technology

112.

How did the Allies win World War I?

a)

by using superior technology

b)

using total war tactics

c)

through rapid mobilization

d)

through means of attrition

113.

When countries use all their resources and people toward mobilization for war it is called

a)

mobilization

b)

total war

c)

attrition

d)

trench warfare

114.

Which of the following is not a new weapon used during WWI?

a)

Zeppelins

b)

flamethrowers

c)

bayonets

d)

U-boats

e)

Tanks

115.

What excluded Jews from German citizenship?

a)

Collectivization

b)

Aryan

c)

Nuremberg Laws

d)

Fascism

116.

What political philosophy favors a strong central government led by a dictator?

a)

Nuremberg Laws

b)

Fascism

c)

Totalitarian State

d)

Collectivization

117.

A government that seeks complete control over people’s lives is called what?

a)

Collectivization

b)

Fascism

c)

Aryan

d)

Totalitarian State

118.

What is a system in which private farms are eliminated & peasants work land owned by the govt?

a)

Collectivization

b)

Fascism

c)

Nuremberg Laws

d)

Totalitarian State

119.

What is Mein Kampf?

a)

Hitler's book describing his political philosophy

b)

a surrealist painting by Salvador Dalí.

c)

a propaganda film directed by Leni Riefenstahl.

d)

a Nazi program to provide leisure activities

120.

What were Hitler’s political theories based on?

a)

racism and nationalism

b)

democracy and socialism

c)

communism and socialism

d)

communism and nationalism

121.

Under Mussolini, what did the Italian Fascists used propaganda for?

a)

educate people.

b)

enforce government policies.

c)

influence the attitude of the population & control public opinion.

d)

advertise platforms of all political parties.

122.

Why were U.S. bank loans to Germany vital to the European economy after World War I?

a)

Other nations were borrowing money from Germany to rebuild.

b)

Germany used the loans to pay reparations to Brit & France

c)

Euro leaders needed funds to set up stock markets

d)

Businesses relied heavily on Creditanstalt Bank in Vienna.

123.

How did collectivization under Joseph Stalin affect Russia?

a)

It improved the economic status of farmers.

b)

It increased the number of farms in Russia.

c)

It distributed the farmland equally.

d)

It led to widespread famine.

124.

What is the term for a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment?

a)

an economic cycle.

b)

an inflationary period.

c)

an economic depression.

d)

a stock market crash.

125.

What were Stalin’s Five-Year Plans intended to transform the Soviet Union into?

a)

fascism

b)

a democracy.

c)

an industrial society.

d)

a monarchy.

126.

What is a govt that exerts total control over the nation and citizens’ lives classified as?

a)

socialist

b)

Communist

c)

European

d)

totalitarian

127.

What did increased government activity in the economy during the Great Depression lead to?

a)

more power and confidence to the workers.

b)

a decline in the popularity of Marxist ideas.

c)

people follow leaders who offered solutions for dictator power

d)

an immediate economic turnaround.

128.

What was the Kristallnacht, which happened on November 9, 1938?

a)

the inspiration for the anthem of the Nazi Party

b)

the signing of Hitler’s agreement with Russia

c)

a destructive rampage against German Jews led by Nazis

d)

the creation of Hitler’s secret police

129.

What did inflation and unemployment during the Great Depression in Germany pave the way for?

a)

authoritarian leaders.

b)

women’s rights.

c)

new social programs.

d)

labor unions.

130.

Which of the following is not a fascist dictator’s philosophy?

a)

rejecting ideas like freedom and individual rights

b)

one strong ruler

c)

a multi-party government

d)

use of propaganda to emphasize the nation

131.

How did Adolf Hitler gain power?

a)

Through legal means of popular vote & appointment in 1933

b)

After an armed uprising of workers & Nazi officials in 1933

c)

Through a coup d’etat in 1932.

d)

Through a military uprising in the Rhineland in 1932.

132.

All of the following refers to Hitler’s Nazism (control over society) EXCEPT:

a)

use of propaganda to turn people against Jews

b)

use of Gestapo and informants to weed out opponents

c)

Censorship of media

d)

Encouragement of rallies/celebrations protesting the govt

133.

Hitler wanted to create Kristallnacht—(living space) by expanding Germany and create an Aryan nation that would dominate Europe

a)

True

b)

False

134.

Benito Mussolini gained support of the Catholic Church by giving the church money and official recognition

a)

True

b)

False

135.

Why did people accept dictators as rulers during the Great Depression?

a)

Dictators offered simple solutions

b)

Nobody else wanted to lead the countries

c)

Dictators took over by force

d)

Most people preferred dictators over freedom

136.

What was one important part of the Dawes Plan?

a)

allowed French workers to negotiate their hours

b)

changed borders after World War I

c)

regulated natural resources

d)

reduced reparations that Germany had to pay

137.

In a totalitarian state, individual freedoms are

a)

central to government laws and regulations

b)

voted on every four years

c)

denied in favor of broad government control

d)

promoted through mass propaganda

138.

How did the Italian Fascists spread propaganda?

a)

through the mass media

b)

through the Catholic Church

c)

through Hitler's Nazi Party

d)

through women's groups

139.

Why did so many Italian people find fascism acceptable?

a)

Because Mussolini was a beloved leader, so the people would follow all of his ideologies

b)

People were swayed by the media and the ideas that Mussolini was creating a fit and disciplined nation

c)

Just because the Catholic Church told the people that they had to follow Mussolini and his policies

d)

There were no other options for the people but fascism

140.

Under what were, Jews stripped of citizenship, stripped of civil rights, required to wear yellow stars and carry cards saying they were Jewish, forbidden to marry German citizens?

a)

Enabling Acts

b)

Kristallnacht Acts

c)

Nuremberg Laws

d)

Social Darwin Laws

141.

How did the Nazi control of media such as radio and film help keep the regime in power?

a)

people were constantly bombarded with imagery and programs that pushed Nazi ideology without an alternative viewpoint

b)

people only wanted the Nazi viewpoint and so control of the media gave the people what they wanted

c)

people were giving fair and balanced information so they could make informed choices

d)

people were bombarded by alternative facts opposing Nazis and control of the media was the only way to be fair

142.

How did Hitler build the Nazi state?

a)

He used isolationist policies, reparations, propaganda, and terror

b)

He used terror, mass spectacle, media, and racism

c)

He used economic policy, mass spectacle, propaganda, and terror

d)

He used propaganda, isolationist policies, economic policies, and mass spectacle

143.

All of the following were actions Hitler was able to take with the Enabling Act except:

a)

abolish all political parties except the Nazi party

b)

removed all Jews from civil service

c)

set up concentration camps for all people who opposed him

d)

broadened literacy so people could read his book-- Mein Kompf

144.

The Nonagression Pact was signed between what two countries?

a)

France and Germany

b)

Germany and Soviet Union

c)

Germany and Poland

d)

Italy and Germany

145.

What was Japan's main motivation for expansion?

a)

revenge on China for centuries of oppression

b)

rivalry with the Soviet Union

c)

new union with Germany and Italy

d)

the need for raw materials

146.

Hitler’s blitzkrieg, or “lightning war,” was

a)

A new form of warfare that used airplanes exclusively for the first wave of attack

b)

A form of attack that used the Luftwaffe, panzers, and infantry

c)

A strategy in which armies rested very little between attacks to wear the enemy down more quickly

d)

An air force strategy that combined jets and helicopters in a single attack

147.

What was the Rome Berlin Axis?

a)

An agreement between Nazis and the Soviets

b)

An agreement between Mussolini and Hitler

c)

The Allies’ plan for invading Germany

d)

The strategic railroad that connected Rome and Berlin

148.

Political philosophy that emphasizes the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial leader

a)

Anschluss

b)

Appeasement

c)

Fascism

d)

Isolationism

e)

Lebensraum

149.

Living space--Pushed by Hitler to create a German empire

a)

Anschluss

b)

Appeasement

c)

Fascism

d)

Isolationism

e)

Lebensraum

150.

Policy that initially kept the United States from becoming involved in the war against Germany

a)

Anschluss

b)

Appeasement

c)

Fascism

d)

Isolationism

e)

Lebensraum

151.

A diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an enemy power in order to avoid conflict

a)

Anschluss

b)

Appeasement

c)

Fascism

d)

Isolationism

e)

Lebensraum

152.

The second atomic bomb ever used in warfare was dropped on

a)

Hiroshima

b)

Nagasaki

c)

Pearl Harbor

d)

Okinawa

153.

The Allies agreed to only accept what type of surrender from the Axis powers?

a)

unconditional

b)

unconditional with the exception of keeping their leaders

c)

conditional

d)

unconditional with the agreement to pay reparations

154.

One factor in Germany’s inability to take Stalingrad was

a)

the airlift of American troops to Moscow

b)

the airlift of American troops to Stalingrad

c)

the harsh Russian winter

d)

the leadership of Erwin Rommel

155.

What was Operation Overlord?

a)

A plan to drop atomic bombs over Japan

b)

An Allied plan to land troops in France

c)

a plan for U.S. and British forces to join Soviet forces

d)

Germany’s last big military offensive

156.

What was the name of the last German offensive in World War II?

a)

Battle of the Bulge

b)

Battle of Normandy

c)

Battle of Stalingrad

d)

Battle of Midway

157.

The entrance of the United States into the war was prompted by

a)

a Japanese attack on the United States

b)

a German attack on the United States

c)

an Italian attack on the United States

d)

an Italian attack on the British

158.

The execution of Operation Overlord was

a)

V-Day, June 6, 1943

b)

V-Day, December 7, 1941

c)

D-Day, December 7, 1943

d)

D-Day, June 6, 1944

159.

Nazi leader of Germany--seized power became dictator; goal was Lebensraum, started WWII, killed millions in Holocaust

a)

Joseph Stalin

b)

Maximilien Robespierre

c)

Benito Mussolini

d)

Adolf Hitler

160.

Was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety in France-- obsessed with ridding France of corrupt elements which led to the Reign of Terror

a)

Joseph Stalin

b)

Maximilien Robespierre

c)

Benito Mussolini

d)

Adolf Hitler

161.

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union. set up collectives that caused famine; instituted the Great Purge that eliminated any opposition to his rule

a)

Joseph Stalin

b)

Maximilien Robespierre

c)

Benito Mussolini

d)

Adolf Hitler

162.

Called for non-violence resistance to British rule and called for Indian independence; used tactics like hunger-strikes and marches; was assassinated & became a martyr for Indian Independence Movement

a)

Mahatma Gandhi

b)

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

c)

Voltaire

d)

Benito Mussolini

163.

German astronomer; was the first woman to discover a comet, complied significant observations about the planets

a)

Mary Wollstonecraft

b)

Marie Antoinette

c)

Maria Winkelmann

d)

Michelangelo

164.

Which of the following best identifies the major flaw in the League of Nations, leading to its demise?

a)

the Kellogg-Briand peace pact

b)

Germany's admission to the League

c)

the renunciation of war by every country in the world

d)

its inability to act as an enforcer because it had no armed forces

165.

Emperor/Dictator of France-- clarified the laws of France; violated rights of the press, women, poor; attempted to take over the world

a)

Napoleon Bonaparte

b)

Maximilien Robespierre

c)

Benito Mussolini

d)

Adolf Hitler

166.

Fascist dictator of Italy-- goal was to create an Italian empire, used Blackshirts to terrorize his opponents, allied with Hitler

a)

Joseph Stalin

b)

Maximilien Robespierre

c)

Benito Mussolini

d)

Adolf Hitler

167.

Enlightenment thinker who was one of the first women to advocate women's rights and equal education.

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Voltaire

c)

Mary Wollstonecraft

d)

Martin Luther

168.

Queen who lived a lavish lifestyle while the people of France starved; will be executed during the Reign of Terror

a)

Medici

b)

Marie Antoinette

c)

Michelangelo

d)

Martin Luther

169.

What is meant by a war of attrition?

a)

Waiting for the other side to attack

b)

A rapid war of maneuver

c)

A war of technology

d)

Opponents try to wear each other down by constant attacks

170.

What does M.A.I.N. stand for?

a)

Militarism, Allegiance, Independence, Nationalism

b)

Money, Alliances, Imperialism, Navy

c)

Militarism, Alliances, Isolationism, Nationalism

d)

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism