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WorksheetsPharm exam 1 (semester 1)
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 57mins
which of the following statements bests conveys the complicated nature of pharmacology?
There are over 10,000 brand and generic varieties of drug with many different names, interaction, side effects, and complex mechanisms of action.
Many drugs may be prescribed for more than one disease and produce many different actions in the body.
Drugs may elicit different responses depending on factors such as sex,age, health status,body mass, and genetics
All of the above statements convey the complicated nature of pharmacology.
The branch of medicine dealing with general treatment of suffering and disease is:
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pathophyioslogy
Therapeutics
Pharamacy
Which of the following choices is common to traditional drug therapies, biological therapies, and natural alternative therapies?
Include herbs, extracts, vitamins,minerals, or dietary supplements
Includes hormones, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines
May be recommended, or routinely prescirbed ny healthcare providers
Drugs are syntheticly produced in a laboratory
Therapeutic drugs differ from foods, household products, and cosmetics in that:
Only therapeutic drugs can induce a biological response
Foods, household products, and cosmetics are not traditionally designed for the treatment of disease and suffering
Drugs may be considered a part of body's normal activities
Drugs are narrowly defined
Which of the following statements best describes an advantage of prescription drugs over OTC drugs?
OTC drugs do not require a physicians order
Prescription drugs ensure that harmful reactions, ineffective treatment, or a progressive disease state will not occur.
Only patients authorized to receive prescriptions drugs will take these medications
The practitioner can maxamize therapy by ordering the amount and frequency to be dispensed
Which branch of the food and drug administration (FDA) handles approval of vaccines and hormones?
Center for drugs evaluation and research (CDER)
Center for biologics evaluation and research (CBER)
Center for food safely and applied nutrition (CFSAN)
National center for complementary and alternative medicine (NCCAM)
Clinical phase trials:
Are extremely useful drug evaluation due to the potential variability of response observed among patients
Generally take less time than the preclinical investigation process
Are not extended after a drug has been marketed to the general public
Begin only after an NDA has been submitted to the FDA for approval
The FDA was officially established as an agency of the U.S. department of health and human services in:
1862
1906
1938
1988
In 1997, the FDA created an approach to regulate drugs with "special problems." At the time no precedent had been established to monitor drugs with potential for causing death or serious injury. This approach was specifically called:
Bioterrorism act guidelines
Food safety modernization act provisions
Black box warnings
Critical path Intiative guidlines
Some consumers are concerned that the FDA moderization act of 1997:
Enabled the FDA to collect too much money from drug and biolic manufacturers
Allowed the FDA to hire too many employees
Allowed drugs to be approved to be approved for therapeutic use in the United States
Restructured its own organization in an adverse way
The devestation caused by bioterrorist avtivity or natural disaster would primarily be associated with which of the following factors?
Little time to develop antidotes
Inability to identify, isolate, and treat, widespread diseases
Widespread harm or illness, including panic and major casualties
Overwhelming of healthcare services
Drug products having the same impact on the body, and for all intents and purposes the same medication and dose, are considered to have the same:
Bioavailability
Mechanism of action
Therapeutic usefulness
Bioequivalence
The pharmacologic prototype approache to drug therapy considers the :
Most popular drug for a particular disorder
Most commonly used drug in a particular class
Representative drug for how other drugs in a particular class work
Drug of choice for a particular disorder
The preferred and less complicated drug name given by the united states Adopted name council is the:
Generic name
Brand name
Chemical name
Trade name
Generic drug names are preffered over other drug names for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
there may be dozens of product names for a particular drug
Chemical names are often complicated and difficult to remember or pronounce
Healthcare proffesionals most often use generic drug names when describing a medication
The generic drug name is an assigned name that can be consistently matched with a medications active ingredients
Drugs are sometimes placed on a formulary list because:
Brand nam drugs are generally more expensive than generic drugs
Many generic drugs are unsafe to substitute for equivalent brand name products
Healthcare pratitioners need to know which generic drug equivalents are considered unsafe
Some generic drugs are unsafe to substitute for equivalent brand name products
In the united states, controlled substances are drugs
Where hospitals and pharamacies must register with the DEA, and use their assigned registration number in order to purchase them
Where telephone orders to a pharamacy are permitted
that have little or no therpeuatic vakue or are intended for research purposes only
Designated as drugs requiring a prescription for their sale
A teratogen is:
A substance having the potential to produce dependence
Any substance that will harm a developing fetus or embryo
A drug used exclusively for research purposes
A drug whose use is restricted without a prescription
The main reason trade names are such a challenge is because
Most contain more than one active generic ingredient, making it difficult to match one generic name with one product name
There are dozens of product names containing similar ingredients
The generic name is usually written in lowercase, whereas the trade name is capitalized
They are often very complicated and difficult to pronounce
According to the U.S. Drug enforcement administration (DEA), which of the following drug categories has the highest abuse potential ?
Schedule I
Schedule II
Schedule III
Scdeule IV
Which of the following drug categories is the safest in terms of its teratogenic effects?
Category A
Category B
Category C
Category D
For some long-term healthcare facilities or nursing homes________, or exchange of medicines within the same therapeutic or pharmacologic class, may be authorized for distribution to patients.
Combination therapy
Therapeutic interchange
Trade Interchange
Pharmacologic therapy
Which of the following is NOT a routine order?
Before bedtime
Before meals
STAT
When needed /neccessary
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate drug administration guideline?
Review the medication order for drug allergies
Identify the patient by asking the person to state his or her full name (or, if the patient is confused, by asking the parent or guardian)
Ask the patient about known allergies ,and check to see if he or she is wearing an allergy identification band
Do not leave the patient's bedside. Ask for assistance from other hospital staff to secure proper equipment and supplies, such as water and cups.
Of the following patients which would be appropriate for rectal administration ?
Unconscious patient
Ptient experiencing nausea or vomiting
Infant who cannot swallow pills
All of the above
Which of the following drug delivery methods is NOT a parental method of drug delivery and avoids the first pass effect in the liver?
Oral
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Sublingual
Which of the following is an advantage of IV drug administration ?
The duration of drug actioncan be easily controlled
It is relatively free from dangerous effects
A precise concentration of drug can be administered into the bloostream
The onset of drug action can be easily controlled
What is a disadvantage of subcutaneous drug delivery?
The final drug concentration within the blood stream is unpredictable
Drugs cannot be confined to a precise location
For safety reasons, patients, must be conscious when they receive a subcutaneous injection
Pain, swelling, or infection may occur if proper precautions are not taken
If rapid onset of action were critical, which of the following routes would the nurse choose?
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Rectal
Which of the following drug administration methods would the nurse use for the tuberculin test purified protein derivative (PPD)
Topical
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Implants are geneally administered by which drug delivery method
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intraperitoneal
Intramuscular
To Shrink swollen mucous membranes or to loosen secretions and facilitate drainage , drops or spray are often used for their local ____ effect?
Infusion
Astringent
Anaphylaxis
Transmucosal
Which of the following is most rarely used for IM injections?
Ventrogluteal
Deltoid
Dorsogluteal
Vastus Lateralis
Which of the following statements is true about IV infusions
Bolus injections should only be given by direct IV push
A flow regulator must always be used when injecting drugs directly into the bloodstream
Intermittenet infusion is used to give additional medications such as antibiotics or anelgesics, over an extended time
Large volume infusion is used for fluid maintenance, replacement, or supplementation
What is the deepest skin layer?
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis (also called subcutaneous layer)
Muscular layer
Which of the following statements is true regarding topical drug applications?
For local effect, it id desireable to keep drugs from penetrating the skin barrier
Liquids and liquid mixtures are most effective physical compositions for topical drug therapy
In some cases topical drugs are administered to ensure slow release and absorption into the general circulation
All of the above are correct
What is the most common type of drug formulation used for otic and ophthalmic routes of administration?
Salves
Ointments
Drops
Sprays
The process of moving a drug from its site of administration across one or more body membranes is called
Absorption
Distribution
Meatbolism
Excretion
The process that describes how drugs are transported in the body is:
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
The term used to describe how much of a drug is available to produce a biological response is:
Volume of distribution
Rate of elimination
Bioavailability
Half-Life (t1/2)
The fact that the half-life (t1/2) of drug A is longer than that of drug B might be explained by a Higher:
Metabolic rate for Drug A
Rate of elimination for drug B
potentcy for drug A
Effectiveness for drug b
One reason that the first-pass effect is so important is that drugs absorbed at the level of the digestive tract:
Are circulated directly back to the heart
Are distributed to the rest of the body and their target organs
Have ultimately more bioavailability than they would if absorbed at a different locations
Are routed through the hepatic portal ciculation
Drug doses are often __________ when administered to children or the elderly
decreased to account for increased metabolism
increased to account for increased metabolism
decreased to account for decreased metabolism
increased to account for decreased metabolism
Substances that enter the body are removed by:
Urination
Defecation
Sweating
All of the above choices
Which of the following statments is NOT correct regarding excretion by the lungs?
Factors that affect gas exchange influnce the respiratory excretion rate
The greaterthe flow of blood into lung capillaries the greater the respiratory excretion rate
Drugs easily converted to gases,such as ethanol, are especially suited for excretion by the respiratory system
The lungs excrete most drugs as products of metabolism
For drugs easily dissolved in bile
Enterohepatic recirculation significantly decreases the duration of drug action
The entire drug amount is absorbed with the bile in the intestinal tract
Drugs are subject to metabolism by the liver
A fraction of drug amount is eliminated from the body through defecation
Which of the following is most important regarding excretion mechanisms and the breats?
Drugs excreted into breast milk may significantly harm the nursing infant
The breasts are a modified type of sweat gland
Urea and other waste products are eliminated naturally from the breasts
Natural alternative agents are considered safe and not excreted into breast milk
Antagonists :
Are sometimes reffered to as facillitators of drug action
Can produce an effect by interacting with receptors
Inhibit or block th action of agonist drugs
All of the above
Mr. J just returned from surgery. As the nurse you are taking vital signs, checking his incision site, and determining if he is in pain. With these actions, what step of the nursing process are you using?
Evaluation
Planning
Assessment
Implementation
Mr. J has begun to complain of pain in his incisions site. As the nurse, you are to administer morphine sulfate 2 mg IV. With these actions, what step of the nursing process are you using?
Evaluation
Planning
Assessment
Implementation
Mr. J has inquired about the physical therapy he will be receiving to regain his mobility after his knee replacement surgery. As the nurse, you will interact with physical therapy to coordinate his plan of care. With these actions, what step of nursing process are you using.
Evaluation
Planning
Assessment
Implementation
Mr. J received the physical therapy and has regained his knee replacement surgery. As the nurse, you interact with physical therapy to determine if he is ready to be discharged from this skilled unit. With these actions, what step of nursing process are you using?
Evaluation
Planning
Assessment
Implementation
Ms.L is complaining of pain in her right hip and a burning sensation in the area around her incision. As the nurse, you are recording these findings. What type of information have you gathered?
objective data
Subjective data
Outcomes
goals
Ms. L is complaining of pain in her right hip. As the nurse, you have assessed the area and have found swelling, redness, and open areas, and there is history of trauma to the hip. What type of information have you gathered?
Objective data
Subjective data
Outcomes
Goals
Ms. L is complaining of pain in her right hip. As the nurse, you have assessed the area and have found swelling, redness, and open areas, and there is a history of trauma to the hip. The information may be used to compare with assessment information gathered at a later date. What type of information have you gathered?
Objective data
Subjective data
Outcomes
Baseline Data
Mrs. C is recovering from a fracture of the right hip. The interdisciplinary team has established a schedule of physical therapy for her. She will ambulate using a walker with the assist of one member of the team for 50 feet three times a day for 1 Week, to be increased to 100 feet three times a day for 2 weeks, then to be changed to a quad cane and standby assist for 2 weeks, then to be changes to a quad cane and standby assist for 2 weeks, and then discharged to home. What type of information has been presented?
Outcomes
Goals
Baseline data
Objective data
What factor established from the patients health history would suggest the greatest potential for nonadhearances to the medication regimen?
Male
Female
Older adult
lives in a rural area
The nurse is developing goals and outcomes for MS. D who is being discharged today following recent abdominal surgery. One key element regarding these goals is that they:
Should be focused on the patients needs
Should be focused on the nurses opinions
Should include at least three outcomes
Should not be seen by the patient prior to discharge
The nurse writes "Deficeint knowledge related to a lack of information about adverse drug effects" on a patients record. This statement is considered a(N):
Intervention
Outcome
Nursing diagnosis
Assessment
All drugs have more than one:
Name
Active ingredient
Generic name
Indication
How do therapeutic drugs differ from foods, household products, and cosmetics?
Only therapeutic drugs can induce a biologic response
Food, household products, and cosmetics are not traditionally designed for treatment of disease and suffering
Drugs may not be considered part of the body's normal activities
Drugs are narrowly defined
Which method is used for delivering large volumes of medications?
Intradermal
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
To produce an effect, most drugs must interact or bind to:
Another drug
Plasma proteins
A specific receptor
Hepatic enzymes
What is the process of moving a drug from its site of administration across one or more body membranes
Absorption
Metabolism
Distribution
Excretion
A patient is discharged with a newly prescribed blocker for control of hypertension. The nurse gives discharge instructions. It is inappropriate to include which of the following instructions prior to the patients leaving?
Report any difficulty with urination
Take the mediction for the first time directly prior to getting into bed
Monitor blood pressure and pulse daily
Return for laboratory tests to monitor renal function
An adrenergiv blocker is MOST DIRECTLY related to which of the following ?
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Inhabittion of the parasympathetic nervous system
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervours system
Inhabition of the sympathetic nervous system
How does bethanechol (Urecholine) exert its effects?
Stimulates cholinergic receptors
Blocks cholinergic receptors
Blocks beta receptors
Stimulate alpha receptors
What drugs block the action of norepinephrine at alpha and beta receptors?
Parasympathomimetics
Parasymthomimetrics
Sympaatholytics
Sympatholytics
A nurse is to gove phenylephrine parenterally. What safety precaution would be necessary especially with this drug?
Monitor patency throughout the infusion
Monitor the temperature of the patient every 1 hour during the infusion
Monitor for central nervous (CNS) depression
Monitor for hypotension throughout the infusion.
Parasympathomimetics are safe for patients diagnosed with which of the following ?
Myasthenia gravis
GI obstruction
Asthma
Angina or dysrhythmias
How does propranolol (Inderal) excert its effects?
Stimulates cholinergic receptors
Blocks cholinergic receptos
Blocks beta receptors
Stimulates alpha receptors
Pseudophedrine has been ordered for a patient with nasal congestion. The nurse knows that the drug can give which of the following side effects
Hypertension, insomnia, and tachycardia
Drowsiness and dry mouth
Increased heart rate and abdominal cramps
Dilated pupils and orthostatic hypotension
Anticholinerigics may be used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. which action makes this drug useful in thus condition?
Decreases gastric emptying time
Decreases gastric acid secretions
Decreases intestinal motility
Relaxes gastric smooth muscles
What are sympathomimetics also called?
Cholinergic drugs
Adrenergic drugs
Cholinergic blockers
Adrenergic blockers
Epinephrine is nonselectice adrenergic drug. What is the disadvantage of this nonspecific action?
It causes more autonomic side effects
This drug cannot be used for nervous system conditions
It will not cross the blood-brain barrier
It can only be given by subcutaneous method
A patient is prescribed Mestinon for myasthenia gravis. Which of the following would be inappropriate to teach the patient?
Take the drug at the same times each day
Take the drug on a full stomach
Monitor liver enzymes as requested
Maintain journal of episodes of weakness and how long they occur after the drug is given
Neostigmine is an example of which of the following ?
Cholinergic blocker
Nicotinic blocker
Cholinergic drug
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Which of the following drugs dry up body secretions?
Bethanachol (Urecholine)
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Atropine (AtroPen)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Atropine is usually not precribed for any patient with glaucoma. The nurse kmows that the contraindication is due to which of the following effects of atropine?
Increase in intraocular pressure
Decrease in lacrimation
Decrease in lateral movement of the eyes
Increase in difficulty with night vision due to pupillary constriction
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is most similar to which abused substance?
Tetrahydrocannbinol (THC)
Ketamine
Methamphetamine
Ethyl alcohol
When a drug is reffered to as an agonist, it can do which of the following?
Be a facilitator of an action
Be an inhibitor of an action
Have a potentiated action
Make one drug interact with another drug
What are most commonly abused sympathomimetrics?
Amphetamines
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Sudated/Pseudoephedrine
Marijuana
What is an example of an illegal CNS stimulant?
Oyxcodone (oxytocin)
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Herioin
Cocaine
The nurse is to give medications using the traditional "six rights of drugs administration." To admister medications to a patient without an identification (ID) bracelet violates which rights?
Right medications
Right time
Right patient
Right route
