WorksheetsMacromolecule
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 30mins
Properties of macromolecules
•Large molecules
•Complex
the arrangement of their atoms determines their properties
can be described as vitamines
•long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks
pearl neckless
polymer
monomer
dehydration synthesis
The repeating units that serve as building blocks are called
polymer
monomer
dehydration synthesis
hydrolysis
The bonds between monomers are formed by a process called
•dehydration synthesis.
condensation
hydrolysis
hydrolysis
The bonds between monomers are formed by this process
water and energy are used to break apart polymers into simpler monomers
water molecule is removed and a covalent bond is formed between the subunits
Carbohydrates include
sugar
fat
calories
vitamine
Main source of quick energy
carbohydrates
fats
protein
Red Bull
Carbohydrates monomer
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Monosaccharides
In aqueous solutions, glucose molecules, as well as most other five-and six-carbon sugars form
ring molecule
new solution
glycosidic bond
A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction is called
metal bond
ionic bond
condensation
glycosidic bond
Long chains of monosaccharides (100 to a few 1000)
monosaccharides
polymer
polysaccharides
types of polysaccharide
Structural Polysaccharides
Help in maintaining structure
Storage Polysaccharides
Both plants and animals store sugars (energy reserve)
food resevior
what is the difference between starch and glycogen?
they are booth storage polysccharide
starch Present in animals
glycoge present in plant
glycogen is highly branched compare to starch
why can't we digest cellulose? what is the difference between it and between starch and glycogen?
Beta1–4 glycosidic linkage
because it is only present in plants
where is chitin present?
surgical threads
exoskeleton of arthropods
why is lipid not regarded as polymers?
they are not big
because they are not made of similar building blocks
no bulding blocks
what is special about lipids and why?
not macromolecule
hydrophobic
because they are rich with C-H bond
The most biologically important lipids are
phospholipids
fat
sugar
steriod
Function of Lipids
short term energy
long term energy
most of the celln organelle made of it
Fats are constructed from
1 glycerol
3 fatty acid
1 glycerol
2 fatty acid
3 glycerol
1 fatty acid
what is the bond between glycerol and fatty acid
glycosidic linkage
peptide bond
Ester bond
type of Fatty acids
saturated
unsaturated
hormone
what is the different between saturated Fats and Unsaturated Fats
Saturated Fats
(no double bond),Unsaturated Fats
(R is having double bonds)
•Saturated Fats
(have kinck),Unsaturated Fats
(no double bond)
Saturated Vs. Unsaturated Fats: which one is better for our health
Saturated
Unsaturated
HYDROGENATION
•The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding Hydrogen to Carbons and it produces trans fats.
•The process of converting saturated fats to unsaturated fats by adding Hydrogen to Carbons and it produces trans fats.
PHOSPHOLIPIDS component
Hydrophilic -> Phosphate groups
Hydrophobic -> 2 Fatty Acids
Hydrophilic -> 2 Fatty Acids
Hydrophobic -> Phosphate groups
Hydrophilic -> 2 Phosphate groups
Hydrophobic -> Fatty Acids
major component of cell membrane
phospholipids arranged in a bilayer
phospholipids arranged in a micells
steroid
consisting of four fused rings
Hydrophilic -> Phosphate groups
Hydrophobic -> 2 Fatty Acids
1 glycerol
3 fatty acid
Cholesterol
protein hormone
steroid
fats
lipid
Two amino acids combine forming
ester linkage
peptide bond
glycosidic bond
AMINO ACIDS component
𝛂 carbon
Acidic Group coh
Amine Group
Acidic Group cooh
polypeptide
Long linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Long linear chains of amino acids linked by glycosidic bonds
Long linear chains of protiens linked by peptide bonds
every protein is a polypeptide
true
false
every polypeptide is a protein
true
false
every macromolecule is a polymer
true
false
what is the condition that we can call a polypeptide a protein
if it has a specific structure
it has a polypeptide chain
A peptide bond is always formed in the direction
5' to 3'
N-terminus to c-terminus
what determine the function of a protein
its function
the specific 3-D structure
if it is polar or un-polar
unique sequence of amino acids
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone result in forming coils and folds
Tertiary structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
interactions between R groups
Primary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecule
Primary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Denaturation
affects primary structure
loss of structure
affect Quaternary structure
Chaperones can refold the misfolded proteins
protein Misfolding
renaturation can get it back to it's normal form
Chaperones can refold the misfolded proteins
affects primary structure
affect Quaternary structure
Sickle-cell disease
Primary structure
Secondary structure
polynucleotides
polymers
monomers
Each nucleotide consists of a
nitrogenous base
pentose sugar
one or more phosphate groups
DNA, the sugar is
pentose
deoxyribose
ribose
monomer of nucleic acid
Nucleoside
Nucleotide
polynucleotide
The backbones of nucleic acid run in the direction
5' to 3'
N to C
Nucleotide Polymerization
Adjacent nucleotides are joined by a phosphodiester linkage-
Adjacent nucleotides are joined by a ester linkage-
what is the diffrence between DNA and RNA
the sugar
the phosphate group
the nitrogenous base
Central Dogma
DNA to protein
DNA to tRNA to protein
DNA to mRNA to protein
