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WorksheetsCell Compartmentalization - AP Biology
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 18mins
Membrane-bound organelles have been an
important component in the evolution of complex,
multicellular organisms. Which of the following
best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells
having internal membranes?
Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles.
Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure.
Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.
Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species.
Which of the following depicts the most probable pathway of processing and packaging a secretory protein within a eukaryotic cell?
Secretory vesicles → rough endoplasmic
reticulum → Golgi body → cell membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi body
→ secretory vesicles → cell membrane
Golgi body → secretory vesicles → rough
endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane
Secretory vesicles → Golgi body → rough
endoplasmic reticulum → cell membrane
Researchers have proposed a model of chloroplast evolution. According to the model, chloroplasts evolved from a small prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by an ancestral eukaryote. The engulfed prokaryote then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the eukaryotic host.
Which of the following observations best supports the model?
Chloroplasts are separated from other subcellular compartments by semipermeable membranes.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms both acquire nutrients from the surrounding environment.
Eukaryotes evolved after prokaryotes and have more complex structures.
Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.
Which of the following observations best supports the claim that mitochondria evolved from once-free-living prokaryotic cells by the process of endocytosis?
Mitochondria produce ATP
Mitochondria contain proteins
Mitochondria exchange substances with the cytosol.
Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.
Euglenids are single-cell eukaryotes that live in aquatic environments. The chloroplasts found inside euglenids are enveloped by three membranes, as represented in Figure 1. The inner membrane of euglenid chloroplasts resembles the thylakoid membrane.
Which of the following claims about the origin of the euglenid chloroplast is best supported by the three-membrane structure of the envelope?
It originated from the spontaneous assembly of organic molecules into a lipid bilayer inside a free-living prokaryote.
It originated from the fusion of the plasma membranes of two different free-living photosynthetic prokaryotes.
It originated from the incorporation of a photosynthetic prokaryote into a eukaryotic cell by a single endosymbiotic event.
It originated from the incorporation of a photosynthetic prokaryote into a eukaryotic cell by two endosymbiotic events.
Two competing hypotheses exist regarding the cell membrane structure. One hypothesis states that membrane structure is static and membrane components throughout the bilayer are rigidly bound. Alternatively, the other hypothesis states that cell membranes are a fluid mosaic in which membrane components may drift within the bilayer around the surface of the cell. An experiment is set up in which membrane proteins of two different cells are fluorescently labeled with two different colors and then fused as shown in Figure 1.
Which of the following results, one hour after membrane fusion, best supports the alternative hypothesis that the cell membrane is a fluid mosaic?
What are cells made of?
Your mom
Organelles
Other cells
Mitochondria
Why are organelles not in one big compartment?
Organelles are too small
They would crash and destroy other organelles
So organelles can specialize
To have specialized environments
Why are cells small?
So they can have a higher surface area to volume ratio.
So they can have a higher volume to surface area ratio.
So they can have a lower volume to surface area ratio.
So organelles do not have that much space in the cell
Since eukaryotic cells are big, how do they get nutrients to the center efficiently?
compartmentilization
specialization
They have your mom in there to help them
Cell cycle control
The prokaryotic strategy is:
To be bigger so that surface area increases.
To be smaller so that surface area increases.
Have a faster cell cycle
Have more transcription factors.
Why does compartmentalization exist?
Make certain areas that are fit for the cell to function the best.
Increase Surface area and allow for unspecialization
Decrease Surface area and allow for specialization
The Endosymbiotic Theory explains
the origin of prokaryotes
how bacteria lives
the origin of eukaryotes
how species develop
Bacteria are an example of a ____ cell.
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
plant
animal
_____ and _____ are organelles that arose from endosymbiosis
nucleus and cell membrane
mitochondria and chloroplasts
cell wall and chloroplasts
mitochondria and nucleus
Which type of cell does NOT contain membrane-bound organelles?
plant cells
animal cells
prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells
Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.
Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.
All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membrane composed of phosplipids and proteins.
Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.
Which type of cell? (It has a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles). Check all that apply.
prokaryotic cell
eukaryotic cell
plant cell
bacteria
Which has chloroplasts?
prokaryotic cell
plant cell
animal cell
Are eukaryotes multicellular or unicellular?
multicellular
unicellular
both unicellular and multicellular
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
growth and development
ability to maintain homeostasis
ability to talk
ability to reproduce
"Endosymbiosis" means
Living together
Entering together
Living separately
Joining together
The theory of Endosymbiosis explains
The origin of eukaryotes
How bacteria live
How species develop
Why cells rely on one another
____________ & _________________ are organelles that definitely arose from endosymbiosis.
Nucleus and cell membrane
Chloroplast and mitochondria
Mitochondria and nucleus
Cell wall and chloroplast
What are evidence to support endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria is found outside the cells
Mitochondria and chloroplast can divide independently
Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own cell membrane
Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own genetic material
This theory states that membrane bound organelles evolved from once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed to compose the eukaryotic cells that we observe today.
(a)
Which organelle uses digestive enzymes to break down old cellular components and/or invading bacteria/virsus and recycles those components to other organelles for use in building new macromolecules?
Gap junction
Nucleus
Golgi Body
Lysosome
The theory of Endosymbiosis explains
The origin of eukaryotes
How bacteria live
How species develop
Why cells rely on one another
____________ & _________________ are organelles that definitely arose from endosymbiosis.
Nucleus and cell membrane
Chloroplast and mitochondria
Mitochondria and nucleus
Cell wall and chloroplast
Which of the following characteristics make mitochondria and chloroplasts different from other organelles?
They are much bigger
The are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
They both make ATP
They were once free-living prokaryotes
Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?
Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.
All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membran composed of phosplipids and proteins.
Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.
The endosymbiotic theory states that a prokaryotic cell...
grew out of an aerobic prokaryotic cell
engulfed an aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria
grew out of a photosynthetic prokaryotic cell
digested an aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria
The prokaryotic cell engulfed the aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria at the same time
true
false
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA which means they can divide themselves. True or False?
True
False
