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EC_Semister 1 Exam revision

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 2hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What organelle acts as a clean up crew and breaks down waste products?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Lysosome

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Golgi Apparatus

2.

What provides external support to the cell in plants?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Cell wall

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Nucleus

3.

Converts food into energy for the cell

a)

Nucleus

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Lysosome

4.

Where is DNA stored and controls cell's activities?

a)

Golgi Apparatus

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Nucleus

d)

Vacuole

5.

Where is DNA stored and controls cell's activities?

a)

Golgi Apparatus

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Nucleus

d)

Vacuole

6.

Captures sunlight energy to make glucose

a)

Lysosome

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Chloroplasts

7.

Where are proteins made?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Golgi Apparatus

8.

What is number 2?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Golgi Apparatus

d)

Nucleus

9.

Uses glucose and oxygen to produce ATP

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

Golgi apparatus

10.

Processes and packages proteins

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

c)

ribosomes

d)

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

11.

Site of ribosome synthesis.

a)

nucleus

b)

nucleolus

c)

Golgi apparatus

d)

lysosomes

12.

Digests and recycles food and organelles

a)

lysosomes

b)

vesicles

c)

Rough ER

d)

mitochondria

13.

Sac that stores materials

a)

vacuoles

b)

lysosomes

c)

peroxisomes

d)

ribosomes

14.

Detoxifies and makes hormones

a)

Rough ER

b)

lysosomes

c)

Smooth ER

d)

centrioles

15.

Interconnected highway containing ribosomes to make proteins is called

a)

Rough ER

b)

Smooth ER

c)

Golgi apparatus

d)

mitochondria

16.

Protects and maintains shape of a plant cell.

a)

cell membrane

b)

cell wall

c)

nuclear membrane

d)

plasmodesmata

17.
What are the raw materials of photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
water and glucose
18.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
water and glucose
19.

Mitochondria have their own ____ and DNA floating in the matrix

a)

ions

b)

ATP

c)

water

d)

ribosomes

20.

Increase the surface area available for ATP synthesis

a)

cristae

b)

matrix

c)

inner membrane

d)

outer membrane

21.
What type of transport is this?
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
active transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
22.
What are two types of passive transport?
a)
endo and exocytosis 
b)
in a minute and later
c)
hydrophobic and hydrophillic 
d)
osmosis and diffusion
23.
What do the brown structures represent?
a)
Phospholipids
b)
Glycoproteins
c)
Channel Proteins 
d)
Cyctoskeleton Filaments
24.
When something is 'water fearing' it is....
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydrochloric
25.
When something is 'water loving' it is.....
a)
Hydrophobic
b)
Hydrophilic 
c)
Hydroelectric 
d)
Hydroloric
26.
This is what a cell needs to transport particles by active transport?
a)
Water
b)
Time
c)
Energy
d)
Channels
27.
This process is known as ________ transport.
a)
passive
b)
active
c)
protein
d)
temporary
28.
Which part of this phospholipid is hydrophobic?
a)
fatty lipid tails
b)
head
c)
all of it is hydrophobic
d)
none of it is hydrophobic
29.
This is a picture of the......
a)
cell membrane
b)
phospholipid bilayer
c)
plasma membrane
d)
all of these
30.
When looking at the cell membrane, where are the lipid tails located?
a)
Inner part of the bilayer
b)
Outer part of the bilayer
c)
At the end of the bilayer
d)
Goes through each end of the bilayer
31.

Phospholipids create bi-layers because of their __________________ properties.

a)

Amphibious

b)

Amphipathic

c)

Polar

d)

Hydrophobic

32.

The protein labeled H would be considered:

a)

Peripheral

b)

Integral

c)

Transmembrane

d)

All are Correct

33.

What function does the protein labeled J most likely have?

a)

Recognition

b)

Channel

c)

Receptor

d)

Adhesion

34.

Letter i is referring to what molecule?

a)

Phosphate

b)

Hydrocarbon

c)

Cholesterol

d)

Glycerol

35.

What stage of mitosis is depicted here

a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Metaphase

36.

What stage of mitosis is depicted here

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

37.

What stage of mitosis is depicted here

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

38.

What stage of mitosis is depicted here

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

39.

If there are 20 chromosomes in the nucleus before mitosis how many will there be in each new daughter cell after cytokinesis?

a)

20

b)

10

c)

40

d)

200

40.
A process where one cell forms two identical daughter cells is called...
a)
cell cycle
b)
cell division (mitosis)
c)
interphase
d)
cytokinesis
41.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
DeNatured Acid
b)
DomiNant Acid
c)
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
d)
DiriboNucleic Acid
42.
What is the correct term for "the basic building block of all living organisms"?
a)
cell
b)
cell cycle
c)
cell plate
d)
centriole
43.
Which part of the Cell Cycle takes the longest?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Cytokinesis
44.
Uncontrollable cell growth is known as _____
a)
obesity
b)
cancer
c)
diabetes
d)
hepatitis
45.

Select ALL stages of Interphase

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

46.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
47.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
S phase
48.
During which stage of interphase does the DNA duplicate.
a)
M Phase
b)
G1 Phase
c)
S Phase
d)
G2 Phase
49.
The structure labeled A is a(n)
a)
chromatid
b)
centriole
c)
centromere
d)
chromophere
50.

Recall the main function of a xylem cell.

a)

To transport nutrients (mainly sucrose) to different parts of a plant.

b)

To make energy for the plant via photosynthesis.

c)

To transport carbon dioxide to the leaves for photosynthessis.

d)

To transport water to different parts of plant.

51.

Recall what is dissolved in the water in the xylem.

a)

Glucose

b)

Amino acids

c)

Mineral ions

d)

Starch

52.

Recall what substance is used to thicken and strengthen xylem walls in woody plants.

a)

Protein

b)

Mineral ions

c)

Lignin

d)

Glucose

53.

Recall the main funtion of a phloem cell.

a)

To transport nutrients (mainly sucrose) to different parts of a plant.

b)

To transport water to different parts of a plant.

c)

To make energy for the plant via photosynthesis.

d)

To provide structural support to a plant.

54.

Xylem tubes are made of...

a)

Dead cells

b)

Living cells

55.
Bacteria and Archaea are classified as?
a)
eukaryotes
b)
nucleoid
c)
prokaryotes
d)
proteins
56.
Prokaryote are?
a)
simple, mostly single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
b)
have a peptidoglycan cell wall and many have polysaccharide capsules.
c)
have a true nucleus, which means the cell's DNA is surrounded by a membrane.
d)
contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus
57.
As a cell increases in size, its surface area-to-volume ratio decreases.
a)
True
b)
False
58.
Which excretory organ eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration?
a)
lungs
b)
skin
c)
liver
d)
kidneys
59.
Organs of excretion that maintain homeostasis include the kidneys, lungs, skin, and
a)
bronchus.
b)
diaphragm.
c)
bladder.
d)
liver.
60.
What is the main function of the excretory system?
a)
to collect and remove wastes from the body
b)
to strengthen skeletal muscles
c)
to protect the nervous system
d)
to bring oxygen to body cells
61.

What are the filtering units of the kidneys?

a)

nephrons

b)

ureters

c)

nuerons

d)

alveloi

62.
The part of the nephron where fluid is absorbed from the circulatory system is the:
a)
Ascending Loop of Henle
b)
Descending Loop of Henle
c)
Bowman's Capsule
d)
Malphigian Tubule
63.

In the formation of the urine two processes occur

a)

Reabsorption

b)

Filtration

c)

Urination

d)

Formation

64.

The teeth chew food and the stomach churns food into smaller particles. What is the name of this process?

a)

chemical digestion

b)

mechanical digestion

c)

absorption

d)

enzyme activity

65.
Where does digestion start?
a)
stomach
b)
mouth
c)
esophagus
66.
A series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract.
a)
adduction
b)
primary wave
c)
peristalsis
d)
inversion
67.

The beginning section of the small intestine that attaches to the stomach.

a)

Ileum

b)

Duodenum

c)

Jejunum

d)

Appendix

68.

Enzyme that breaks down proteins.

a)

Peptidase

b)

Sucrase

c)

Lipase

d)

Lactase

69.

Enzyme that breaks down fats.

a)

Lipase

b)

Lactase

c)

Sucrase

d)

Peptidase

70.

Tiny projections that increase surface area for absorption.

a)

Villi

b)

Rugae

c)

Bolus

d)

Flora

71.

The difference between large and small intestine

a)

Absence of villi

b)

Length

c)

Absorption of nutrient vs fluid

d)

all of the above

72.
How can surface area (SA) be increased? 
a)
Grow larger
b)
Divide into smaller pieces
73.
For cells to stay alive they require what type of SA:V?
a)
Large SA, Large V
b)
Small SA, Large V
c)
Large SA, Small V
d)
Small SA, Small V
74.
High Surface area to volume ratio allows cells to do what quickly?
a)
Move materials around inside the cell
b)
Move materials in and out of the cell 
c)
Communicate to other cells
d)
Divide
75.
This image shows how materials move into various sized cells in a given amount of time.... why does one square cell have more pink coloring than the others? 
a)
The surface area was too larger to get through
b)
The volume of the other cells was too large for the dye to get through
c)
There was not enough surface area for the dye to get through
d)
The volume was too low for the dye to stay in the square
76.
What is the surface area of this figure?
a)
200 cm 2
b)
800 cm 2
c)
400 cm 2
d)
100 cm 2
77.

SA : V ratio for a cube with side length of 3 cm and volume 27 ml is

a)

54/27 cm squared per ml

b)

27/54 cm per ml

c)

27/27 cm squared per ml

78.
Cancer creates abnormal cells by disrupting
a)
the cell cycle
b)
red blood cell formation
c)
DNA replication
d)
ATP synthesis
79.
An abnormal mass of cancer cells is called a 
a)
tumor
b)
cyst
c)
lesion
d)
polyp
80.
Any substance that is known to cause cancer is called a
a)
carcinogen
b)
nicolyte
c)
pathogen
d)
retrovirus
81.
A diagnostic procedure that involves removing a tissue sample from a patient.
a)
biopsy
b)
lipotripsy
c)
pathogenesis
d)
oncology
82.

Undifferentiated cells that can become one or more specialized types of cell are called_________

a)

Stem Cells

b)

Somatic Cells

c)

Body Cells

d)

Zygotes

83.

what could be the cause for a cell to undergo apoptosis?

a)

DNA damage

b)

Radiation

c)

Nutrient deficiency

d)

All of the above

84.

Apoptosis can't kill which of the following?

a)

Cell infected with viruses

b)

Cell with DNA damage

c)

Cancer cells

d)

Immune cells

85.

Which of the following cell organelle actively participates in animal apoptosis?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Vacuoles

86.

To start the process of apoptosis, proteins called ______ are activated.

a)

p53

b)

Ligase

c)

Caspases

87.

Which molecules act as gatekeepers for each checkpoint of the cell cycle?

a)

p53 gene

b)

cyclins and cycline-dependent kinases

c)

thyroid hormones

88.

What is the purpose the the cell cycle checkpoints?

a)

To repair damaged cells before they enter cell division.

b)

To remove damaged cells from an organism.

89.

How many cell cycle checkpoints are there?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

90.

What is the first checkpoint of the cell cycle?

a)

Mitosis checkpoint

b)

G1 checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

91.

When is apoptosis initiated?

a)

When DNA damage is repaired.

b)

When cells are removed from the cell cycle.

c)

When DNA damage cannot be repaired.

92.
Which phrase best describes a common characteristic of all cancers?
a)
absence of cyclins
b)
damaged DNA
c)
uncontrolled cell growth
d)
inherited from parents
93.

Identify a peripheral protein

a)

structure a

b)

strucure b

c)

structure g

d)

structure h

94.

Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids

a)

easily pass through the membrane's bilayer

b)

very slowly diffuse through the bilayer

c)

require transport proteins

d)

enter through endocytosis

95.

Which structure is the hydrophilic polar head of the phospholipid molecule?

a)

F

b)

D

c)

C

d)

A1

96.

This image is an example of a phospholipid. Which part of a phospholipid is HYDROPHOBIC?

a)

the phosphate "head"

b)

the lipid "tails"

97.

Name G

a)

Peripheral protein

b)

Intrinsic protein

c)

Extrinsic protein

d)

Globular protein

e)

Glycolipid

98.

What is the "big idea" of the Fluid Mosaic Model of plasma membranes?

a)

the plasma membrane creates a specialized FLUID that looks like a MOSAIC.

b)

the plasma membrane is a MOSAIC.

c)

the fluid mosaic model is NOT related to the plasma membrane.

d)

a plasma membrane is a MOSAIC of components that move FREELY and FLUIDLY.

99.

The property shown by a phospholipid molecule is best described as..

a)

amphoteric

b)

amphipathic

c)

amphibians

d)

amphiprotic

100.
When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the SAME, the solution is
a)
isotonic
b)
hypertonic
c)
hypotonic
101.
If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen?
a)
Water will move into the cell causing it to swell.
b)
Water will move out of the cell causing it to shrink.
c)
nothing.
d)
Water will move out of the cell causing it to swell.
102.
Transpiration is
a)
the movement of water through a plant from the roots up the stem
b)
the loss of water from the leaves of a plant by the process of evaporation
c)
the flow of water into plant roots by osmosis from the soil
d)
the process of minerals and sugars moving through plant veins
103.

What is cohesion?

a)

Water molecules are sticky for each other

b)

Water molecules stick to the side of a tube

c)

Water evaporating through the leaves

d)

Force of water in vacuoles on the cell wall

104.

What is adhesion?

a)

Water molecules are sticky for each other

b)

Water molecules stick to the side of a tube

c)

Water evaporating through the leaves

d)

Force of water in vacuoles on the cell wall

105.

What is the effect of increasing light intensity in transpiration?

a)

It decreases transpiration rates

b)

It increases transpiration rates

c)

It doesn't impact the rate of transpiration

106.

Which is true?

a)

99% of water taken by the plant evaporates through transpiration

b)

9% of water taken by the plant evaporates through transpiration

c)

Evaporation through transpiration accounts only for 1% of all the water the plant takes in

d)

Evaporation through transpiration is minuscule

107.

Select all of the environmental factors that would increase transpiration.

a)

Increased humidity

b)

Increased wind speed

c)

Increased temperature

d)

Decreased surface area

108.
Which factor had the greatest impact on the rate of transpiration compared to the control?
a)
wind
b)
humidity
c)
light 
d)
darkness
109.

What are the constant variables?

a)

what we are changing or testing

b)

what we are observing or measuring

c)

what we keep the same to make the experiment fair

110.
The variable the is changed on purpose is..
a)
Constant
b)
Control
c)
Independent Variable
d)
Dependent Variable
111.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the dependent variable?
a)
Type of plant
b)
Water, apple juice, milk
c)
Plant growth
112.

How does the amount of light affect the growth of a plant? What's the Controlled Variable(s)?

a)

The height of the plant

b)

The amount of light

c)

The type of light

d)

The type of plant

113.

The factors that stay the same or are constant throughout the experiment.

a)

Controlled Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

c)

Independent Variable

114.
Diabetes type I (mellitus) is caused by a lack of what pancreatic hormone:
a)
ADH
b)
Glucocorticoids
c)
Insulin
d)
Glucagon
115.
Name the two hormones produced by the thyroid gland.
a)
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
b)
ADH and oxytocin
c)
Calcitonin and thyroxine
d)
Growth hormone and cortisol
116.
Name of the hormone that increases the levels of calcium in the blood:
a)
Calcitonin
b)
Calcium
c)
Phosphatase
d)
Parathyroid
117.
Name of the hormone that breaks down glycogen into glucose.
a)
Aldosterone
b)
Insulin
c)
Glucagon
d)
Cortisol
118.

A hormone is

a)

a chemical substance produced in large quantities by an endocrine gland.

b)

an enzyme produced by in minute quantities by a endocrine gland.

c)

a chemical substance produced in minute quantities by an exocrine gland.

d)

a chemical substance produced in minute quantities by an endocrine gland.

119.

Which of the following best describes an endocrine gland?

a)

tissue/ organ that directly secretes hormones into bloodstream

b)

tissue/ organ that releases substances through a duct

c)

cell that directly secretes hormones into bloodstream

d)

cell that releases substances through a duct

120.

How are hormones brought to target organs?

a)

transported by lymph

b)

dissolved in plasma of blood

c)

transported by red blood cells

d)

secreted directly to target organs

121.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal glands?

a)

ADH

b)

oestrogen

c)

adrenaline

d)

insulin

122.

Which hormone is secreted by the follicles in the ovary?

a)

oestrogen

b)

progesterone

c)

testosterone

d)

adrenaline

123.

Helps regulate circadian rhythms like the sleep-wake rhythm

a)

Thymosin

b)

Melatonin

c)

Glucagon

d)

Insulin

124.

Stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose causing a rise in blood sugar

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Aldosterone

d)

Cortisol

125.

“They are cells specialized in picking up stimulus, whether they are internal or external, and send them to the brain through the nervous system”. This is the definition of...

a)

Stimulus

b)

Receptor

c)

Sense

d)

Taste

126.
Identify Letter A
a)
Bowman's Capsule
b)
Afferent Arteriole
c)
Efferent Arteriole
d)
Glomerulus
127.
Identify Letter D
a)
Bowman's Capsule
b)
Afferent Arteriole
c)
Efferent Arteriole
d)
Glomerulus
128.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant...

a)

internal environment

b)

external environment

c)

living environment

129.

What is the function of the endocrine system?

a)

to filter and eliminate the waste from the blood

b)

to secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body activities

c)

to provide structure and support for the body

d)

to defend the body against pathogens

130.

Which hormone regulates water balance by reducing the amount of water leaving the body

a)

aldosterone

b)

antidiuretic hormone

c)

growth hormone

d)

thyroxine

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