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Finals review

Total questions: 104

Worksheet time: 2hrs 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The diagram shows the embryos of six different species, what would be the most reliable way to tell if these organisms are related?
a)
Compare DNA from the species.
b)
See which species develops feet.
c)
Let the species grow up and compare them.
d)
See what species have tails. 
2.
Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship?
a)
tapeworms absorbing nutrients from dogs
b)
orchids being pollinated by a nectar collecting wasp
c)
mosquito feeding on a human
d)
an animal rotting in the soil at the base of a tree
3.
If the following image represented a coral population over 40 years, what could be expected to happen after another 40 years?
a)
New species of coral will form
b)
Species will work together to survive.
c)
Populations will increase
d)
Populations throughout the ecosystem will decrease
4.
The ten percent rule can best be stated as
a)
10 percent of energy is moved on from the trophic level below it.
b)
10 percent of energy is moved on from the trophic level above it.
c)
Half of the energy is moved from the trophic level below it.
d)
All of the energy is moved on from the tropic level below it. 
5.
Reggie owns a flower shop. He has a species of flowers, Flora spottist, that can grow in three form: yellow flowers (YY), blue fowers (BB), or flowers with yellow and blue spots (YB). Yellow and blue spots are the result of a heterozygous co-dominant trait. 
Reggie’s notices that solid yellow Flora spottist are more popular than the other types, but Reggie only has one yellow flower plant. If Reggie wants to grow more yellow flowers plants, which parents should he choose if he wants the most yellow plants?
a)
Spotted flowers (YB) x Spotted flowers (YB)
b)
Spotted flowers (YB) x Yellow Flowers (YY)
c)
Spotted fowers (YB) x Blue flowers (BB)
d)
Yellow Flowers (YY) x Blue flowers (BB)
6.
The figure above represents some levels of organization in multicellular organisms. Which term fits in the box marked “X”?
a)
cells
b)
organelles
c)
organs
d)
organisms
7.
If transpiration stopped completely, how would a plant's homeostasis first be affected?
a)
More carbon dioxide molecules would be taken in by the leaves.
b)
Fewer sugars stored in roots and stems would diffuse into the soil
c)
Carbohydrates would no longer be formed.
d)
Water molecules would not be released from the leaves.
8.

________ produces one haploid egg cell and three polar bodies.

a)

oogenesis

b)

gametogenesis

c)

spermatogenesis

d)

reproduction

9.

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis each produce _________________ gametes.

a)

Two haploid

b)

Four diploid

c)

Two diploid

d)

Four haploid

10.

The repeating series of events that a cell goes through during its life, including growth, DNA synthesis, and cell division are called the _______________.

a)

cytokinesis

b)

abnormal cycle

c)

cell cycle

d)

cell division

11.

This process refers to the division of the cytoplasm.

a)

mitosis

b)

cytokinesis

c)

meiosis

d)

interphase

12.

Which cells undergo meiosis and mitosis?

a)

prokaryotic cells

b)

eukaryotic cells

c)

cancer cells

d)

normal cells

13.

DNA which is not coiled into chromosomes and exists as grainy material during phases of the cell cycle other than cell division is known as _____.

a)

Chromatid

b)

Chromatin

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Sister chromatids

14.

Which statement best describes crossing-over?

a)

The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes that occurs during prophase I of meiosis.

b)

The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes that occurs during anaphase I of meiosis.

c)

The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes that occurs during metaphase I of meiosis.

d)

The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes that occurs during prophase II of meiosis.

15.

He is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, first presented in 1801

a)

Thomas

b)

Louis

c)

Lamarck

d)

Darwin

16.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

a)

Natural selection results from evolution.

b)

Natural selection includes evolution as a part of it.

c)

Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution.

d)

Natural selection and evolution are the same thing.

17.
Which process creates an identical copy of DNA?
a)
Mutation
b)
Replication
c)
Transcription
d)
Translation
18.
Which is NOT a characteristic of all living things?
a)
Sleep
b)
Cells
c)
Reproduction
d)
Grow
19.
When Mendel crossed two green pea plants, some of the offspring produced yellow peas.  What does this tell us about the parent plants?
a)
They must have been homozygous dominant
b)
They must have been heterozygous
c)
They must have been homozygous recessive
d)
One was dominant and one was recessive
20.
Which is not part of nucleotide?
a)
Deoxyribose sugar
b)
Phosphate
c)
Nitrogen Base
d)
Glucose
21.
Proteins are long chains composed of ________.
a)
Amino Acids
b)
Fatty Acids
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Hydrochloric Acids
22.
When an red flower and a white flower are crossed and the offspring are pink flowers... 
a)
Codominance
b)
Epistasis
c)
Intollerance
d)
Incomplete Dominance
23.
Which items are created during Cellular Respiration?
a)
Water and CO2
b)
Glucose and Oxygen
c)
Alcohol and CO2
d)
Lactic Acid
24.
Using the cladogram:  a common ancestor of amphibians and ray-finned fish would have
a)
a bony skeleton
b)
four limbs
c)
scaly skin
d)
eggs with shells
25.
The establishment of a genetically unique population through genetic drift
a)
adaptive radiation
b)
divergent evolution
c)
founder effect
d)
convergent evolution
26.

Which two bases are pyrimidines?

a)

A & C

b)

G & C

c)

C & T

d)

A & G

27.

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA?

a)

The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands

b)

One strand is positively charged and other is negatively charged

c)

The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand

d)

Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands

28.

Translation involves taking a ______ message and matching it to the correct series of _______.

a)

mRNA; tRNAs

b)

DNA; mRNA nucleotides

c)

protein; vesicles

d)

mutated; codons

29.

Why doesn't the leading strand of DNA have Okazaki fragments?

a)

Because DNA polymerase is able to attach new nucleotides in one continuous motion

b)

Okazaki fragments are only created when multiple DNA polymerases are used

c)

Because DNA polymerase only binds to the 5' end (phosphate) of a parental strand

30.
Kudzu has overgrown many parts of southern Missouri and native ground plants have disappeared from the area. This is an example of:
a)
Parasitism between kudzu and the native plants
b)
A predator prey relationship between ground plants and kudzu
c)
Competition occurring between the native and invasive species
d)
Commesalism occurring between the kudzo and native plants
31.
What is meant that DNA replication follows a “semi-conservative” model?
a)
After DNA replication, each strand contains one side that is a parental strand and the other side is a daughter strand.
b)
After DNA replication, one completed strand contains only parental DNA while the other contains only daughter DNA.
c)
None of these identify the “semi-conservative” model.
d)
After DNA replication, one completed strand contains a mixture of both parental DNA and daughter DNA dispersed throughout the strand.
32.
 A frameshift mutation could result from 
a)
a base insertion only.
b)
a base deletion only. 
c)
a base substitution only. 
d)
either an insertion or a deletion of a base.
33.
What does the picture represent?
a)
Founder Effect
b)
Mutations
c)
Bottleneck effect
d)
Gene Flow
34.
What is convergent evolution?
a)
evolution toward similar traits in unrelated species
b)
evolution toward different traits in closely related species
c)
elimination of a species from Earth
d)
the rise of two or more species from one existing species
35.

The diagram shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

a)

Segregation of sister chromatids

b)

Mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

c)

Crossing over in which alleles are exchanged

d)

Condensation and segregation of alleles

36.

What are the "X" shaped things in the drawing.

a)

PMATs

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Telophase

37.

PMAT helps us remember the correct order of the phases of Mitosis. Which of the following has the phases of Mitosis in the correct Order

a)

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

b)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase

c)

Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Telophase

d)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

38.
When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution water
a)
moves from the inside of the cell to the solution
b)
moves from the solution to the inside of the cell
c)
moves equally in and out of the cell
d)
none of these
39.
The process where only water is allowed to pass through the cell membrane from a high to low concentration.
a)
meiosis
b)
respiration
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
40.

What is it called when large molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a protein channel?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

41.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
a)
Active does not need energy and passive uses ATP (energy)
b)
Active uses ATP (energy) and passive does not need energy
c)
Active stores transport proteins and passive releases 
d)
Active uses hormones and passive does not 
42.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + 32-36 ATP
b)
O2 + C6H12O6 + 32-36 ATP →  CO2 + H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
43.
All living things do which of the following all the time (24/7)?
a)
Chemosynthesis
b)
Cellular respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
All of the answers
44.
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
a)
stroma of the chloroplast
b)
thylakoid membrane
c)
outer membrane of the chloroplast
d)
interior of the thylakoid membrane
45.
When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of
a)
reducing NADP+
b)
splitting water molecules
c)
chemiosmosis
d)
electron transfer in photosystem II and I
46.
Which of the following events occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
NADP+ is produced
b)
ATP is consumed to yield ADP
c)
carbon dioxide is fixed in organic molecules
d)
light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a
47.
In a plant cell, where are ATP synthase complexes located?
a)
thylakoid membranes only
b)
inner mitochondrial membranes only
c)
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membranes
d)
thylakoid membrane and plasma membranes
48.
Why is ATP considered the most significant energy carrying molecule? 
a)
It's delta G is negative. 
b)
ATP has different bond energy between its phosphate groups. 
c)
ATP can hold large amounts of energy between all of its bonds. 
d)
ATP's positive delta G contributes to the large amounts of energy between its 3rd and 2nd phosphate groups. 
49.
What is the main job of the electron carriers in cellular respiration? 
a)
Transport electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain 
b)
Capture energy throughout the process of cellular respiration
c)
Provide the reactants for the process of cellular respiration
d)
Pump positive hydrogen ions and shuttle electrons across the electron transport chain and contribute to chemiosmosis
50.

The reactants in photosynthesis are ____________

a)

Sunlight, Water, and Carbon Dioxide

b)

Glucose and Water

c)

Carbon Dioxide and Water

d)

Oxygen and Glucose

51.
How did Rosalind Franklin's photo 51 affect th work of Watson and Crick?
a)
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
b)
It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA
c)
It was used to determine the theory of independent assortment
d)
It was used to show DNA was the molecule of inheritance
52.
In the G1 stage of the cell cycle, the cell
a)
Grows
b)
Matures
c)
Carries on normal activities
d)
All of the above
53.
Put the following in order: G2, G1, S, mitosis, cytokinesis. 
a)
G1, G2, S, Mitosis, cytokinesis
b)
G1, S, G2, Mitosis, cytokinesis
c)
G1, G2, S, cytokinesis, mitosis
d)
G1, S, G2, cytokinesis, mitosis
54.
Programmed cell death is called
a)
apoptosis
b)
cytokinesis
c)
interphase
d)
cancer
55.
The light reactions occur in the ________ and the dark reactions take place in the ________.
a)
Chloroplast / thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma / thylakoid
c)
mesophyl / stomata
d)
thylakoid membrane / stroma
56.
Since we're building a carbohydrate in the Calvin Cycle, is the process endergonic or exergonic and why?
a)
Endergonic because carbohydrate production is catabolic
b)
Exergonic because carbohydrate production is anabolic
c)
Endergonic because carbohydrate production is anabolic.
d)
Exergonic because carbohydrate production is catabolic
57.
Glycolysis is a _______ process
a)
Anabolic
b)
Catabolic
c)
Single Step
d)
Strictly Eukaryotic
58.
The process used to split polymers; this is done by adding water
a)
Dehydration
b)
Hydrolysis
c)
Enzomatic
d)
Tetratonic
59.
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
a)
voltage-gated channels
b)
surface receptor
c)
calcium channels
d)
active site
60.
Amino acids all have the same general morphology except for the:
a)
Amino Group
b)
Carboxyl Group
c)
'R' Group
d)
Carbonyl Group
61.
Endoplasmic Reticulum:/ER
a)
The smallest organelle with a huge job / Makes proteins, which are the building blocks of the body.
b)
A folded membrane that moves materials around inside cells / Also acts as the site of manufacturing materials needed by the cell.
c)
A small sack that stores water and food until the cell needs it /  Stores waste temporarily until the cell  gets rid of it.
d)
The protective outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
62.
When a molecule can occupy the same active site as the substrate, a situation called __________________ can result
a)
Competitive lnhibition
b)
Allosteric Regulation
c)
Non-Competitive Inhibition
d)
Feedback Inhibition
63.
The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and sodium chloride, but not to sucrose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.6 M sucrose and 0.2 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution of 0.2 M sucrose and 0.3 M NaCl. Initially, the volume on both sides is the same. 
a)
Side A is hypotonic to side B
b)
Side A is hypertonic to side B.
c)
Side A is isotonic to side B.
d)
Side A is hypotonic to side B with respect tos ucrose.
64.
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
a)
biosystem
b)
community
c)
population
d)
ecosystem
65.
About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life.  WHich four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
a)
Carbon, Sodium, Chlorine, Hydrogen
b)
Carbon, Sulfur, Hydrogen, Phosphorus
c)
Oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
d)
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
66.
Monosaccharides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
67.
What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
68.
Most of the cell membrane is made of...
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbs
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
69.
When experimenting with the growth of a plant, a scientist uses three (of the same type of) plants, two different fertilizers, equal light, and equal water. What type of variable is the fertilizer?
a)
Dependent
b)
Independent
c)
Control
d)
Compound
70.
Sarah is participating in a walkathon to raise money for local literacy programs. The amount of money Sarah will raise depends on the distance she walks.
m = the amount of money Sarah will raise
d = the distance Sarah walks
Which of the variables is dependent?
a)
m
b)
d
71.
Measuring the number of times a person breathes after exercise involves ____ data. 
a)
quantitative
b)
qualitative
72.

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

a)

evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes

b)

limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases

c)

the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs

d)

the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

73.

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

a)

lysosome

b)

ribosome

c)

mitochondrion

d)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

74.

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a 0.15 M salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that

a)

the fresh water and the salt solution are both hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks.

b)

the fresh water and the salt solution are both hypotonic to the cells of the celery stalks.

c)

the fresh water is hypertonic and the salt solution is hypotonic to the cells of the celery stalks.

d)

the fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks.

75.

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

a)

They bud off from the Golgi.

b)

They are built de novo from cytosol materials.

c)

They are brought into the cell from the environment.

d)

They split in two after they become sufficiently large.

76.

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

a)

centrioles and motor proteins

b)

actin filaments and ribosomes

c)

microtubules and motor proteins

d)

actin filaments and microtubules

77.

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its

a)

mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.

b)

nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix.

c)

nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix.

d)

Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.

78.

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

a)

ribosomes.

b)

lysosomes.

c)

peroxisomes.

d)

mitochondria.

79.

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals

a)

makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.

b)

enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.

c)

enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.

d)

enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.

80.

The movement of the hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) (laughing gas) into a cell is an example of

a)

osmosis.

b)

active transport.

c)

facilitated diffusion.

d)

diffusion across the lipid bilayer.

81.

Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels

a)

down the electrical gradients.

b)

down their chemical gradients.

c)

down their concentration gradients.

d)

down their electrochemical gradients.

82.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Anaphase II
b)
Metaphase I
c)
Anaphase I
d)
Telophase II
83.
What does the process shown here do?
a)
add slight genetic variation to helps species survive
b)
make offspring more fit
c)
ensure the best traits are always passed along
d)
guarantee that we are all genetically the same
84.
When does the process shown here happen?
a)
Prophase I
b)
Anaphase II
c)
Interphase II
d)
Telophase I
85.

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linkage together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA?

a)

polymerase

b)

ligase

c)

ribozyme

d)

reverse transcriptase

86.

The transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA is called

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

initiation

d)

elongation

87.

Which of the following sequences best describes the flow of information that takes place when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

a)

RNA-DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

b)

DNA-RNA-PROTEIN

c)

PROTEIN-RNA-DNA

d)

DNA-AMINO ACID-RNA-PROTEIN

88.

Translation consists of which of the following?

a)

conversion of genetic info from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

b)

conversion of genetic info from DNA to RNA

c)

addition of nucleotides to a DNA template

d)

DNA replication

89.

tRNA plays a role in which of the following ?

a)

picking up the amino acid specified by the anticodon

b)

recognizing the appropriate codons in mRNA

c)

translating codons into amino acids

d)

all of these are correct

90.
What part of protein synthesis does this diagram represent?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA
91.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria in cytoplasm

c)

ribosome in cytoplasm

d)

chloroplast in cytoplasm

92.

In this phase of the cell cycle, the cell divides.

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M

93.

What is the result of mitosis?

a)

4 genetically different cells

b)

2 genetically different cells

c)

4 genetically identical cells

d)

2 genetically identical cells

94.
order of replication
a)
3, 2, 1, 4
b)
2, 1, 4, 3
c)
2, 3, 1, 4
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
95.
Which enzyme seals okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
Helicase
c)
Polymerase
d)
Ligase
96.
What is A?
a)
Leading strand
b)
Lagging strand
c)
Okazaki Fragments
d)
DNA plymerase
97.
Small segments of DNA made on the lagging strand are called:
a)
Okazaki Fragments
b)
ERVs
c)
Transposable Elements
d)
Telomeres
98.
Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?
a)
DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand
b)
DNA is unwound
c)
Hydrogen bonds form between bases
d)
chromosomes condense
99.
Which of the following is required for DNA replication to occur?
a)
DNA helicase
b)
DNA ligase
c)
DNA polymerase
d)
all of these
100.

Structure C is

a)

helicase

b)

primase

c)

DNA polymerase III

d)

gyrase

101.
Metastasis is
a)
the spread of cancer from one part of the body to another.
b)
the growth of tumors in the lungs
c)
cancer of the blood cells
d)
cancer that is found in connective tissues
102.

Built models to determine that DNA was a double helix shape with base pairs A-T and G-C in rungs between the sugar/phosphate backbone of DNA.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

103.

Discovered that there was the same amount of A and T in a cell, and C and G in a cell.

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Wilkins

d)

Pauling

e)

Chargaff

104.

5 carbon sugars and phosphates linked together through chemical bonds to provide the structural framework for nucleotides

a)

chromosome

b)

nucleotide

c)

phosphate-sugar backbone

d)

enzyme

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