Process

the overall orientation of a translated text (e.g. literal translation)

a specific technique used at a given point in a text (e.g. borrowing)

Borrowing, Calque and Literal translation they are

Transposition, Modulation, Equivalence and Adaptation they are

refers to when a SL word is transferred directly to TL.

form which means it is made to conform to the rules of grammar and pronunciation of the TL.

راديو radio - سيناريو scenario - soap الصابون – lemon الليمون - algebra الجبر

is a special kind of borrowing which means a phrase, or an expression borrowed from one language and translated into the other language literally. (word for word).

دموع التماسيح Crocodile tears - من الألف الى الياء From A to Z - الرجل العنكبوت Spider-man

This is ‘word-for-word’ translation, describes as being most common between languages of the same family and culture.

على الطاولة On the table - أستيقظ مبكرا كل يوم I get up early everyday

True or false:

the translator may judge literal translation to be ‘unacceptable’ for what are grammatical, syntactic or pragmatic reasons.

is the change of one part of speech (noun, verb or adjective) for another.

True or false:

Transposition can be either obligatory or optional.

(n) إن احترام الإسلام للمرأة لا سابق له

Islam respects woman unprecedently (v)

-

Ahmad is a fast driver (n)

(v) يقود احمد قيادة مسرعة

The university Learning and Teaching Committee organized a training course last year. (n)

نظمت لجنة التعليم والتعلم الجامعي دورة تدريبية العام الماضي (adj)

means the idea or meaning is the same, but the phrases that are used in the source and target languages are different.

True or false:

Modulation and Transposition can be obligatory or optional.

This procedure describes the same situation by using different stylistic or structural methods and is useful for the translation of proverbs and idioms.

انا على الحديدة

I’m broke

-

أبو العريف

A know-it-all

This involves changing the cultural reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the target culture.

قيس وليلى

Romeo and Juliet

True or false:

Adaptation is mostly used in literary work .

are linguistic changes that occur in translation between ST and TT.

Any TL category that has the same place SL category. (langue)

Any TL text which is seen to be the equivalent of the SL text. (Parole)

‘departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL’

when something is expressed by grammar in one language but by lexical units (i.e. vocabulary) in the other language.

My daughter is five.

يبلغ عمر ابنتي خمس سنوات

a shift in grammatical structure.

يلعب أحمد كرة القدم

Ahmad Plays football

shifts that are from one part of speech to another.

A university student. (n.)

(adj) طالب جامعي

refers to the linguistic units of sentence, clause, word and morpheme.

These are the shifts where the translation equivalent in the TL is at a different rank to the SL.

Misunderstanding

سوء تفاهم

when the SL and TL have corresponding systems (similar) but the

translation involves of a non- corresponding term in the TL.

given between French and English are mostly articles. (article: a/an and the)

SL: “ll a la jambe cassee”→He has the leg broken.

TL: He has a broken leg.

reading and understanding, using linguistic competence and world knowledge to grab the sense of ST.

transfer sense of the ST and not words.

create the TT based on the deverbalized sense.

where the translator revisits and evaluates the TT (in written translation)