WorksheetsTest 2 Ch. 15-18
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 15hrs 30mins
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:
any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream, and renders the immune system nonfunctional
the invasion of the human body by bacterium that cannot be destroyed by the antibiotics of other drugs
a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms
a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body
Which of the following statement regarding hepatitis A is correct?
Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by an patient who has an acute infection
Infection with hepatitis A causes chronic illness with a high mortality rate
Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted via contact with blood or other body fluids
Although there is no vaccine against hepatitis A, treatment is usually successful
When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of his or her problem?
history taking
rapid body scan
baseline vital signs
primary assessment
Which of the following statements regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct?
HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B and is easily transmitted in the health care setting
The risk of HIV infection is high, even if an infected person's blood comes in contact with your intact skin
The risk of HIV infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly in to the bloodstream
Most patients who are infected with HIB experience chronic symptoms that vary in duration and severity.
Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unconscious, you should:
assess breathing depth and determine the respiratory rate
squeeze the trapezius muscle to see if the patient responds
attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient
direct your partner to apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
alveoli
trachea
bronchi
capillaries
Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
altered mental status and bradycardia
unilateral paralysis and slurred speech
anxiety, dizziness and severe bradypnea
tachypnea and tingling in the extremities
At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:
audible stridor
rales and rhonchi
profound cyanosis
expiratory wheezing
When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:
normal breath sounds
abnormal breath sounds
diminished breath sounds
an absence of breath sounds
An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:
an obstructed airway
adequate air exchange
respiratory difficulty
respiratory insufficiency
In a healthy individual, the brain set, stimulates breathing on the basis of:
increased oxygen levels
decreased oxygen levels
increased carbon dioxide levels
decreased carbon dioxide levels
Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposit is called:
angina pectoris
arteriosclerosis
acute ischemia
atherosclerosis
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following EXCEPT:
irregular heartbeat
sudden unexplained sweating
shortness of breath or dyspnea
pain exacerbated by breathing
The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the:
iliac arteries
brachial arteries
carotid arteries
subclavian arteries
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:
aphasia
dysarthria
dysphagia
paraplegia
The left cerebral hemisphere controls:
the right side of the face
heart rate and pupil reaction
the right side of the body
breathing and BP
The mental status of a patient who has experience a typical seizure:
progressively worsens over a period of a few hours
is easily differentiated from that of acute hypoglycemia
is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes
typically does not improve, even after several minutes
An absence seizure is also referred to as a:
petit mal seizure
grand mal seizure
total body seizure
generalized motor seizure
The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs go shock includes:
administering high flow oxygen
giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion
transporting the patient without delay
positioning the patient on his or her side
Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:
drink a lot of alcohol
have severe diabetes
have a history of esophagitis
have weak immune systems
While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates:
rapid swelling of the upper airway tissues
a significant amount of fluid in the alveoli
narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs
enlargement of the bronchioles in the lungs
A 37 year old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patients car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of:
asthma
heart disease
hypertension
allergic reaction
Which of the following is an example of a symptom?
cyanosis
headache
tachycardia
hypertension
Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:
low venous oxygen levels
a decrease in arterial oxygen levels
an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood
inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells
A seizure patient is having what kind of medical emergency?
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Neurologic
Immunologic
If an injury distracts an EMT from assessing a more serious underlying illness, the EMT has suffered from:
tunnel vision.
index of suspicion.
virulence.
a trauma emergency.
If a "frequent flier" calls 9-1-1 because of a suspected head injury, you should NEVER:
take the call seriously; don't waste your time or resources on such a caller.
perform a primary assessment; he called for a head injury last week, and it wasn't serious.
assume you know what the problem is; every case is different, and you don't want to miss a potentially serious problem.
treat the patient with respect; he is probably lying.
If your medical patient is not in critical condition, how long should you spend on scene?
10 minutes or less
30 minutes
2 hours
However long it takes to gather as much information as possible
Your patient believes he has hepatitis and is now exhibiting signs of cirrhosis of the liver. He most likely has:
hepatitis A.
hepatitis B.
hepatitis C.
hepatitis D.
Your patient is complaining of fever, headache, stiffness of the neck, and red blotches on his skin. He most likely has:
tuberculosis.
hepatitis B.
SARS.
meningitis.
You have been called for a 2-year-old male patient who is sick and having a difficult time breathing. On scene, you find the patient in his mother's arms. He appears to have labored breathing and skin that is warm to the touch. Which of these additional assessment findings would you recognize as the most serious?
Grunting noise heard as the child exhales
Slight abdominal movement with breathing
Continual crying accompanied by a fever of 99.4degreesF
Respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min
When a child starts to become hypoxic, the pulse will initially:
Increase
Decrease
Become irregular
Not change
A 911 call was placed for a 3-year-old child with difficulty breathing. On scene, you note that the child is upright with slight stridor upon inspiration. He is alert and breathing at a rate of 30 breaths/min. His skin is warm and dry, and his radial pulse strong and regular. His breath sounds are clear and equal. His mother states that he was fine all day until 15 minutes ago, when he was playing with friends in the playroom and suddenly started having difficulty breathing. As an EMT, you should suspect which condition?
Croup
Epiglottitis
Bronchial asthma
Foreign body airway obstruction
You are delivering positive pressure ventilations to a patient who is breathing poorly and has absent breath sounds in the right lung. Which of these instructions would you provide to those responders who are ventilating the patient?
"If his SpO2 is 85% or greater, let's stop the ventilations and put him on high-concentration oxygen with a face mask."
"Use the minimal tidal volume possible, just enough to make the chest rise and fall."
"Make sure to really get those ventilations into his good lung. He needs the oxygen."
"Let's use just room air for the ventilations. We don't want to cause a tension pneumothorax by giving pure oxygen."
A confused, lethargic, and nonverbal 50-year-old female patient has altered mental status. You are told she has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The primary assessment reveals a respiration rate of 6 breaths/min and cool, clammy skin with cyanosis around the lips. What should be your priority management?
Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 15 lpm
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula at 15 lpm
Sit the patient up, assess lung sounds, and obtain a blood pressure
Assist respirations with positive pressure ventilation
You are at an extended care facility for the elderly to assess and transport a patient suspected of having pneumonia to the hospital for evaluation. During your pulmonary assessment, which breath sound would you expect to hear that would be most specific to pneumonia versus other pulmonary conditions?
Localized wheezing to one side of the chest
Bilateral rhonchi
Inspiratory stridor
Inspiratory and expiratory crackles to the tops of both lungs
Which of these is considered an early sign of inadequate breathing in children?
Crying
Barrel chest
Nasal flaring
Blue-gray skin
You have been called to a home for an 18-year-old male patient, who informs you that he experienced a sudden onset of shortness of breath and back pain while watching television. He has a history of spontaneous pneumothorax, and the current symptoms he is experiencing are identical to those he felt with a previous pneumothorax. Assessment reveals the patient to be slightly dyspneic with breath sounds clear and intact bilaterally. During transport, what is most critical to continually monitor on this patient?
Spasms to the hands
Blood pressure
Breath sounds
Mental status
An acute infectious disease caused by bacterium or a virus that affects the lower respiratory tract and causes lung inflammation resulting in dyspnea is:
Pneumonia
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema
You have been called for a 6-year-old male patient with shortness of breath. On scene, you find the patient with a runny nose and mucus coming from the right nare. Breath sounds are clear and his SpO2 is 99% on room air. When asked, the patient states that his throat is very sore. His vital signs are pulse, 124; respirations, 20 breaths/min; and temperature, 98.9°F. There is no medical history, according to the mother. Which statement or instruction would be most appropriate for this situation?
"Why don't we give him an aspirin for his fever and then you can follow up at your pediatrician's office."
"I am very concerned he may have epiglottitis, so we are going to take him to the hospital with lights and siren."
"He is stable, but we will take him to the hospital. The danger lies in the infection spreading to the lungs."
"Let's give him some oxygen since the heart rate is most likely elevated because his oxygen is low."
You have been dispatched to a home for a 16-year-old female patient with shortness of breath. On scene, you find the patient in bed with her mother at her side. Her mother states that her daughter has a fever with a past medical history of cystic fibrosis; she would like to have her daughter transported to the hospital for evaluation of possible pneumonia. As a knowledgeable EMT, you know that the underlying pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is a:
Contagious disease in which the lungs are damaged by bacteria and excessive coughing
Condition in which excessive and thick mucus often plugs the airways
Hereditary disease in which the lungs are malformed and smaller than normal
Disease in which lifelong antibiotic medications are needed for survival
Auscultation of breath sounds in a patient complaining of shortness of breath reveals wheezing. Which condition is responsible for this finding?
Significant hypoxia
Mucus in the lungs
Swelling in the throat
Bronchiole constriction
An alert and distressed 72-year-old male patient with a history of pulmonary edema from heart failure is in severe respiratory distress, breathing 28 to 32 times per minute. His airway is patent, respirations are labored, crackles are heard in the bases of the lungs, and skin is found to be diaphoretic with a rapid radial pulse. Other vital signs are pulse, 136; blood pressure, 202/110 mmHg; and SpO2, 83%. Cyanosis is evident in the fingertips. The best treatment for this patient's breathing difficulty would be:
Supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula
Nasal airway with high-concentration O2
CPAP
Albuterol MDI
Which of the following best describes a communicable disease?
The growth and spread of small harmful organisms within the body
A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another
A disease that cannot be transmitted from one person to another
Presence of infectious organisms on or in objects
Which of the following medications can be used for the treatment of an acute asthma attack?
Cromolyn
Albuterol
Fluticasone
Salmeterol
Which of the following statements is true regarding asthma?
Asthma involves accumulation of air in the pleural space
Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the pleural space
Asthma involves spasms of the bronchi and bronchioles
Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the alveoli
The patient is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, such as accessory muscle use and difficulty speaking. Which of the following is also a sign of respiratory distress?
Pursed lip breathing
Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min
Warm, pink skin
Clear and equal breath sounds
When assisting a patient who has asthma with a small volume nebulizar attached to oxygen what is the appropriate flow rate for the oxygen?
2 L/min
4 L/min
6 L/min
10 L/min
In addition to asthma, which of the following conditions is associated with wheezing?
Croup
Epiglottis
Pulmonary embolism
Bronchitis
While administering a nebulizar of albuterol to your patient, you assess for possible side effects to the medication. Which of the following is typically NOT a side effect of nebulized albuterol?
Vomiting
Increased pulse rate
Nervousness
Muscle tremors
The patients difficulty breathing and crackles are due to blood backing up in which part of the body?
The heart
The lungs
The vessels
The arteries
The patient has a loss of consciousness on the way to the hospital. When you check, you cannot feel a pulse. What should you do?
Tell your partner to drive faster as you begin CPR on the patient
Immediately apply the AED and wait for it to analyze the rhythm before taking any other action
Have your partner pull over the ambulance and come back to help you with CPR and the AED
Begin CPR and after 2 minutes stop to apply the AED while your partner continues driving to the hospital
The patient was exhibiting slurred speech, facial droop, and an inability to move his left arm. Which neurological examination emphasizes these possible stroke signs?
Chicago Prehospital Stroke Scale
Philadelphia Stroke Scale
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
Camden Stroke Scale
Which of the following occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage resulting in tissue damage?
Ischemic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke
Seizure
Status epilepticus
What is the name of the condition when the patient forgets about the injured side after a stroke?
Hemiparesis
Neglect
Aphasia
Ataxia
Which of the following is a metabolic cause for a seizure?
Brain tumor
Head trauma
Hypoglycemia
Brain abscess
This patient appears to be suffering from a stroke and a seizure. What condition mimics a stroke and also causes a seizure?
Meningitis
Postictal state
Hypoglycemia
Migraine headache
