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plant physiology

Total questions: 220

Worksheet time: 2hrs 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
transpiration powers the movement of water 
a)
down a concentration gradient
b)
up a concentration gradient
c)
up & down concentration gradients
d)
all of the answers
2.
An increase in wind or temperature will ________________ transpiration
a)
increase
b)
decrease
c)
no change
d)
none
3.
In symplastic pathway water moves from cell to cell through
a)
plasmodesmata
b)
cell walls
c)
stomata
d)
none
4.
in apoplastic pathway, water moves through the 
a)
plasmodesmata
b)
cell wall
c)
mesophyll
d)
sieve tube elements
5.
the inside of the xylem
a)
lumen
b)
vessels
c)
tracheids
d)
lignin
6.
location where substances enter the phloem
a)
source
b)
sink
c)
loci
d)
pit
7.
sucrose loading into phloem requires
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
8.

Two main vascular bundles are the xylem and phloem. Food substances travel in the _____________ and water and salts are mainly conducted in the ______________.

a)

xylem; phloem

b)

phloem; xylem

c)

vessels; sieve tubes

d)

vascular bundles:vessels

9.

The xylem can transport large volume of water per time because it has a wide ___________________

a)

lumen

b)

pit

c)

pith

d)

cross wall

10.

Active transport is important because it can move molecules –

a)

From their high concentration to a lower concentration

b)

From their low concentration to a higher concentration

c)

With less ATP than might otherwise be used to move molecules

d)

by increasing their diffusion coefficient

11.

You place cells in a solution of glucose and measure the rate at which glucose enters the cells. As you increase the concentration of glucose solution, the rate at which glucose enters the cells increases. However when the glucose concentration of the solution is increased above 10M, the rate at which glucose enters no longer increases. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism for glucose transport in the cells?

a)

Facilitated diffusion via a carrier protein

b)

Facilitated diffusion without carrier protein

c)

Active transport

d)

Symport

12.

Facilitated diffusion –

I. Is a very specific process

II. Is a passive process

III. Helps the substances, hydrophilic in nature, to be transported across the membrane

IV. Is faster than active process

a)

All are correct

b)

I, IV are correct

c)

I, II and IV are correct

d)

All are correct except IV

13.

Go through the following points regarding diffusion –

I. It is a passive and slow process

II. It is an active and fast process

III. It needs ATP

IV. It does not need energy

V. It occurs against the concentration gradient

VI. Molecules move in a random manner, the net result being substances moving from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration

a)

I, III and V are correct

b)

II and V are correct

c)

All are correct except III

d)

All are correct except II, III and V

14.

9. Factors affecting the rate of diffusion are –

I. Gradient of concentration

II. Permeability of the membrane

III. Temperature

IV. Pressure

V. Size of diffusing material

a)

I, III and V are correct

b)

I and V are correct

c)

I, II, III, IV, V are correct

d)

Only V is correct

15.

Transport of organic and inorganic materials is –

a)

Unidirectional

b)

Multidirectional

c)

bidirectional

d)

first undirectional then bidirectional

16.
How do water enter the roots from the soil?
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
transpiration
d)
active transport
17.
An example of adhesion is
a)
Water molecules sticking to each other
b)
Water molecules sticking to cellulose in xylem walls
c)
Magnets sticking to a metal wall
d)
Gravity pulling water down
18.

The continuous influx of water from the soil causes an upward force that develops in the roots.

a)

Capillarity

b)

Transpiration pull

c)

Osmosis

d)

Root pressure

19.

The column of water that is pulled upwards is known as the...

a)

Diffusion stream

b)

Transpiration stream

c)

Transpiration column

d)

Osmosis stream

20.

What are the specialised protein channels that help to transport water across the membrane in root hair cells?

a)

proton pumps

b)

apoptosis channels

c)

water channels

d)

aquaporins

21.

Movement of water through the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata in the root, is known as the:

a)

apoplastic pathway

b)

symplastic pathway

c)

cellular pathway

d)

vacuolar pathway

22.

The bulk movement of a substance, such as water in the xylem is known as:

a)

group flow

b)

mass flow

c)

co-ordinated flow

d)

team flow

23.

Leguminous plants are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through the process of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Which one of the following statements is not correct during this process of nitrogen fixation?

a)

Leghaemoglobin scavenges oxygen and it is pinkish in colour.

b)

Nodules act as sites for nitrogen fixation.

c)

The enzyme nitrogenase catalyses the conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3 .

d)

Nitrogenase is insensitive to oxygen.

24.

Study the cycle shown below and select the option which gives the correct word for all the four blanks A, B, C and D

a)

A: Nitrification, B: Ammonification, C: Animals, D: Plants

b)

A: Denitrification, B: Ammonification, C: Plants, D: Animals

c)

A: Nitrification, B: Denitrification, C: Animals, D: Plants

d)

A: Denitrification, B: Nitrification, C: Plants, D: Animals

25.

An element playing important role in nitrogen fixation is

a)

Molybdenum

b)

Copper

c)

Manganese

d)

Zinc

26.

Which one of the following is not a micronutrient?

a)

Molybdenum

b)

Magnesium

c)

Zinc

d)

Boron

27.

Which one of the following is not an essential mineral element for plants while the remaining three are?

a)

Iron

b)

Manganese

c)

Cadmium

d)

Phosphorus

28.

Which one of the following is a wrong statement?

a)

Anabaena and Nostoc are capable of fixing nitrogen in free-living state also

b)

Root nodule forming nitrogen fixers live as aerobes under free-living conditions.

c)

Phosphorus is a constituent of cell membranes, certain nucleic acids and all proteins.

d)

Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter are chemoautotrophs.

29.

The first stable product of fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in leguminous plants is

a)

NO2-

b)

NO3-

c)

Ammonia

d)

Glutamate

30.

Deficiency symptoms of nitrogen and potassium are visible first in

a)

Senescent leaves

b)

Young leaves

c)

Roots

d)

Buds

31.

Mineral known to be required in large amounts for plant growth include:

a)

Phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium

b)

Calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper

c)

Potassium, phosphorus, selenium, boron

d)

Magnesium, sulphur, iron, zinc

32.

During biological nitrogen fixation, inactivation of nitrogenase by oxygen poisoning is prevented by:

a)

Xanthophyll

b)

Carotene

c)

Cytochrome

d)

Laghaemoglobin

33.

Which is essential for the growth of root tip?

a)

Fe

b)

Ca

c)

Mn

d)

Zn

34.

In which of the following all three are macronutrients?

a)

Boron, zinc, manganese

b)

Nitrogen, Calcium, Magnesium

c)

Molybdenum, magnesium, manganese

d)

Nitrogen, nickel, phosphorus

35.

Which is not a criterion for essentiality of a mineral?

a)

Direct role in metabolism

b)

Requirement is specific

c)

Dispensible for growth

d)

Deficiency causes hunger sign

36.

I. Component of chlorophyll

II. Helps to maintain ribosome structure

III. Activator for Rubisco and Pepco

IV. Activates the enzymes of respiration and photosynthesis

V. Involved in synthesis of nucleic acids

The above roles are played by –

a)

Ca+2

b)

Mg+2

c)

Mn+2

d)

Cl–

37.

Minerals which maintain cation-anion balance in cells are –

a)

Cl and K

b)

K and Fe

c)

Cl and Mg

d)

Ca and Mg

38.

Minerals associated with redox reaction are –

a)

Na, Cu

b)

N, Cu

c)

Fe, Cu

d)

Ca, Fe

39.

Match the column

a)

A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

b)

A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

c)

A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2

d)

A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

40.

An element which with the help of Na+ and K+, determines the solute concentration and anion-cation balance in cell is

a)

Cl

b)

S

c)

Zn

d)

Mo

41.

Crop plants absorb carbon in the form of –

a)

Elemental carbon from the soil

b)

CO2 from the soil

c)

CO2 from the air

d)

Carbonates

42.

Which of the following choices is not one of the three plant macronutrients included in most fertilizers?

a)

O

b)

N

c)

P

d)

K

43.

The amount of macronutrients per kg of dry matter is –

a)

10 mmole

b)

Above 10 mmole

c)

Less than 10 mmole

d)

0.1 mg

44.

Which is a false statement regarding macronutrients?

a)

Form plant structure

b)

Become toxic in slight excess

c)

Develop osmotic potential

d)

Component of energy-related compounds

45.

Partial mineral element is –

a)

N

b)

P

c)

K

d)

Fe

46.

Which of the following is a component of vitamin (thiamine, biotin), Acetyl CoA, cysteine, methionine and ferrerdoxin?

a)

Fe

b)

S

c)

Co

d)

K

47.

Component of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase is

a)

Mn

b)

Mo

c)

Co

d)

Zn

48.

Main role of minor elements is to act as

a)

Constituent of hormones

b)

Binder of cell structure

c)

Cofactor of enzymes

d)

Constituent of amino acids.

49.

Macronutrient which is component of all organic compounds but is not obtained from soil is

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Magnesium

d)

Carbon

50.

Aspargine and Glutamine are :

a)

Amino acids

b)

Imino acids

c)

Amide

d)

Protein

51.

Choose wrong one.

a)

N2-fixation needs anaerobic condition

b)

ATP, that is used in nitrogen fixation comes from respiration of host cells

c)

Amides –– serves as protein precursor, key compound for nitrogen transport and storage.

d)

Amides have low N– to C ratio

52.

The cell of a root nodule in leguminous plant shows a rod shaped structure called ____________.

a)

Bacteria

b)

Infection thread

c)

Bacteroid

d)

Ureide

53.

The cell of a root nodule in leguminous plant shows a rod shaped structure called ____________.

a)

Bacteria

b)

Infection thread

c)

Bacteroid

d)

Ureide

54.

Which one of the following elements in plants is not remobilised?

a)

Sulphur

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Calcium

d)

Potassium

55.

For its activity, carboxypeptidase requires :

a)

Zinc

b)

Iron

c)

Niacin

d)

Copper

56.

Anoxygenic photosynthesis is characteristic of :

a)

Rhodospirillum

b)

Spirogyra

c)

Chlamydomonas

d)

Ulva

57.

A few normal seedlings of tomato were kept in a dark room. After a few days they were found to have become white-coloured like albinos. Which of the following terms will you use to describe them?

a)

Mutated

b)

Embolised

c)

Etiolated

d)

Defoliated

58.

The first experiment on hydrophonics was performed by –

a)

Sachs

b)

Hoagland

c)

Knop

d)

Arnon

59.

Hydrophonics is a system of growing plants in –

a)

Soilless culture or solution cultures

b)

Acidic soil

c)

Soilless cultures with alkaline pH

d)

Soilless culture with acidic pH

60.

Choose the correct statement(s) –

I. Solution culture / Hydrophonics contains all essential minerals except one, the usefulness of which is to be determined

II. Na, Si, Co and Selenium are beneficial element required by higher plants

III. Zn is the activator of nitrogenases while Mo is the activator of alcohol dehydrogenase

IV. Zn is needed for auxin synthesis

a)

All

b)

I, II, III

c)

None

d)

I, II, IV

61.

The enzyme nitrogenase is extremely sensitive to :

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Helium

62.

Find the group of bacteria in which all are nitrogen fixing :–

a)

Nitrosomonas, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus

b)

Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Nostoc

c)

Nitrobacter, Streptobacillus, Lactobacillus

d)

Clostridium, Rhizobium, Lactobacillus

63.

How many of the following organisms not fix the atmospheric nitrogen in free living condition?

Frankia, Anabaena, Rhodospirillum, Bijernickia, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Nostoc.

a)

2

b)

4

c)

5

d)

3

64.

Thiobacillus is a group of bacteria helpful in carrying out

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Chemoautotrophic fixation

c)

Nitrification

d)

Denitrification

65.

Grey spots of oat are due to deficiency of

a)

Fe

b)

Zn

c)

Cu

d)

Mn

66.

Plants with zinc deficiency show reduced biosynthesis of

a)

Ethylene

b)

Abscisic acid

c)

Cytokinin

d)

Auxin

67.

About 98% of the mass of every living organism is composed of just six elements including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and :

a)

Calcium and Phosphorus

b)

Phosphorus and Sulphur

c)

Sulphur and Magnesium

d)

Magnesium and Sodium

68.

Which group of three micronutrient elements is required for both photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transport

a)

Cu, Mn, Fe

b)

Co, Ni, Mo

c)

Ca, K, Na

d)

Mn, Co, Ca

69.

Excess of Mn causes deficiency of –

a)

Fe

b)

Mg

c)

Ca

d)

All

70.
Transport of sucrose from the companion cell into the neighbouring sieve tube elements is through the following except …………………………….
a)
by diffusion through the plasmodesmata
b)
by diffusion through cotransport proteins
c)
by active transport through proton pumps
d)
by mass flow through plasmodesmata
71.
Why is loading described as an active process?
a)
ATP is required for the transport of sucrose through the plasmodesmata
b)
ATP is required for the transport of sucrose by cotransport proteins
c)
ATP is required for maintaining high proton gradient across the walls of the companion cells
d)
ATP is required for the transport of hydrogen ions along with sucrose
72.
Solute potential is a measure of the quantity of solute in a cell. The more the solute, the more negative it is. What happens to the solute potential of phloem sieve tube elements when sucrose enters them?
a)
it becomes lower
b)
it becomes higher
c)
it remains unchanged
73.
Cutting off the outer ring of a tree is likely to affect which of the following?
a)
transport of water to the leaves
b)
transport of sucrose to the leaves
c)
transport of sucrose to the roots
d)
transport of water to the roots
74.
Which statement explains how mass flow arises in sieve tube elements?
a)
sucrose actively loaded into sieve tube elements decrease the water potential causing the hydrostatic pressure to increase
b)
sucrose actively loaded into sieve tube elements increases the water potential causing the hydrostatic pressure to decrease
c)
sucrose diffused into sieve tube elements decreases the water potential casuing hydrostatic pressure to increase
d)
sucrose diffused into sieve tube elements increases the water potential causing the hydrostatic pressure to decrease
75.
What is the role of ATP in a companion cell when sucrose is loaded into a sieve tube element?
a)
moving sucrose into the sieve tube element
b)
removing protons out of the cytoplasm of the companion cell into the surrounding
c)
removing protons from the sieve tube element
d)
taking up sucrose into the cytoplasm of the companion cell
76.
How is proton pump involved in the transport of assimilates through the phloem
a)
active transport of protons out of the sieve tube elements
b)
active transport of protons out of the mesophyl cells
c)
active transport of protons out of the companion cells
d)
active transport of protons out of the xylem vessel elements
77.
What is the sequence of events in the translocation of sucrose?
a)
active loading of sucrose into sieve elements at the source, increased hydrostatic pressure, mass flow, unloading at the sink
b)
hydrolysis of storage compounds in sinks, lowered water potential, unloading of sucrose from sieve elements, mass flow from the source
c)
lowered pressure in sieve elements at the source, movement of sucrose down the pressure gradient, mass flow down a diffusion gradient to the sink
d)
mass flow of dissolved sucrose into the sieve elements at the source, lowered hydrostatic pressure, diffusion of sucrose to sink, active unloading
78.
Which statement supports the theory of active loading of sucrose into companion cells?
a)
The pH decreases in the cell wall of the companion cells compared to the cytoplasm
b)
the pH decreases in the cytoplasm of the companion cells compared to the cell wall
c)
the pH decreases in the plasmodesmata between companion cells and sieve tube elements
d)
the pH decreases in the sieve tube elements comapred to the companion cells
79.
ATP is used in companion cells to provide the energy for loading a sieve tube element with sucrose. How does the co-transporter mechanism use this energy?
a)
to pump protons into the sieve tube elements
b)
to pump protons out of the companion cells
c)
to pump sucrose into the sieve tube elements
d)
to pump sucrose out of the companion cells
80.
What process ensures the continual diffusion of sucrose through the plasmodesmata into the sieve tube elements?
a)
continual active transport of protons into the companion cells
b)
continual facilitated diffusion of sucrose into the companion cells
c)
continual active transport of sucrose into the companion cells
d)
continual photosynthesis by the mesophyl cells
81.
Which feature of companion cells are essential to their function? (1) they are connected by plasmodesmata to the sieve tube elements (2) they have a thinner cell wall than a sieve tube elements (3) they contain a nucleus and mitochondria
a)
1, 2 and 3
b)
1 and 2 only
c)
1 and 3 only
d)
2 and 3 only
82.

Lignin helps to prevent the ___________________ of the xylem vessels as a result of _______________ tension that is caused by the _______________________ exerted on water molecules within the xylem

a)

collapse, high, transpiration pull

b)

collapse, high, root pressure

c)

rupture, high, transpiration pull

d)

bending, high, root pressure

83.

Casparian strip on endodermis cell are made of

a)

Lignin

b)

Pectin

c)

Suberin

d)

Cellulose

84.
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called 
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
concentration gradient
d)
passive transport
85.
A cell will _____________________ in a hypertonic solution.
a)
swell
b)
shrink
c)
will not change
d)
will explode
86.
This picture represents which type of cellular transport?
a)
passive transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
exocytosis
d)
osmosis
87.
In the image, the water will move 
a)
into the cell.
b)
out of the cell.
c)
both in and out of the cell.
88.
In the image, the water will move 
a)
into the cell.
b)
out of the cell.
c)
both in and out of the cell.
89.
which way would the purple molecules move through the semi permeable membrane?
a)
From the  A side  to the B-side
b)
From the B side to the A side
c)
none of the purple molecules would move
90.
Which cell is placed into a hypotonic environment? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
91.

Plants that wilt were exposed to a ____ solution. This is called ____.

a)

isotonic; crenate

b)

hypertonic; cytolysis

c)

hypotonic; plasmolysis

d)

hypertonic; plasmolysis

92.

_____ is the term for when plants are exposed to a hypotonic environment and the cells swell

a)

Crenation

b)

Cytolysis

c)

Turgor Pressure

d)

Plasmolysis

93.

What type of transport is represented?

a)

active transport

b)

passive transport

c)

diffusion

d)

facilitated diffusion

94.
 Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? 
a)
simple osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
simple diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
95.
The diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment. Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
96.
The picture below is an example of _________________.
a)
osmosis
b)
facilitated diffusion
c)
simple diffusion
d)
active transport
97.

2.The function accomplished by the light-dependent reactions is ______________.

a)

Energy and electron storage

b)

Sugar production

c)

Carbon fixation

d)

Conversion of sugar

98.

•An enzyme that fixes carbon from atmosphere to convert it to complex macromolecule glucose.

a)

RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate)

b)

Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase (Carboxydismutase)

c)

PGA (3-Phosphoglycerate)

d)

G3P (Glyceraldeyhyde 3-Phosphate)

99.

How many G3P is needed to convert to a one molecule of glucose?

a)

6

b)

2

c)

12

d)

4

e)

18

100.
In a plant cell, where are ATP synthase complexes located?
a)
thylakoid membranes only
b)
inner mitochondrial membranes only
c)
thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membranes
d)
thylakoid membrane and plasma membranes
101.
In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during
a)
photosynthesis only
b)
cellular respiration only
c)
both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
d)
photophosphorylation only
102.
CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
a)
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night when temperatures are cooler.
b)
fix CO2 into by combining it with RuBP in the Calvin cycle.
c)
obtain CO2 through their roots during the day.
d)
fix CO2 into organic acids in the mesophyll cells, which do not rely on stomata.
103.

Which statement is FALSE?

a)

Thylakoid membranes contain the photosynthetic pigments.

b)

The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from water.

c)

RuBP is produced during cyclic photophosphorylation in the light dependent reactions.

d)

The light dependent reactions provide the energy for the Calvin cycle.

104.

In CAM plants, carbon dioxide is fixed for the first time to …

a)

Ribulose bisphosphate.

b)

Phosphoenolpyruvate.

c)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

d)

3-phosphoglycerate.

105.

Red and blue light support the highest rates of photosynthesis because …

a)

Chlorophylls absorb light of these wavelengths more than other wavelengths.

b)

These are the only wavelengths that carotenoids cannot absorb.

c)

Light of these wavelengths have the highest energy in the visible spectrum.

d)

Light of these wavelengths activate the ATP synthase enzyme.

106.

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesise with no apparent photorespiration?

a)

They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2

b)

They conserve CO2 more efficiently.

c)

They exclude oxygen from their tissues.

d)

They do not participate in Calvin cycle.

107.

In C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds occur in …

a)

Guard cells.

b)

Mesophyll cells.

c)

Epidermal cells.

d)

Bundle-sheath cells.

108.

Which of the following plants fixes carbon dioxide at night?

a)

Sugarcane

b)

Opuntia

c)

Oryza sativa

d)

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

109.

Rubisco binds with both carbon dioxide and oxygen in

a)

C3 Cycle

b)

C4 Cycle

c)

CAM plants

d)

All the above

110.

Electrons from excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II are accepted first by

a)

cytochrome-f

b)

quinone

c)

cytochrome-b

d)

ferredoxin

111.

Kranz anatomy is one of the characteristics of the leaves of

a)

Solanum tuberosum

b)

Saccharum officinarum

c)

Triticum aestivum

d)

Brassica campestris

112.

PGA as the first CO2 fixation product was discovered in the photosynthesis of

a)

alga

b)

angiosperm

c)

gymnosperm

d)

bryophyte

113.

In Kranz anatomy, the bundle sheath cells have

a)

thick walls, many intercellular spaces and few chloroplasts

b)

thin walls, no intercellular spaces, and several chloroplasts

c)

thin walls, many intercellular spaces, and no chloroplasts

d)

thick walls, no intercellular spaces and large number of chloroplasts

114.

Read the following statements:

I. Symbiotic nitrogen fixers occur in free-living state also in soil

II. Stamens in flowers of Gloriosa and Petunia are polyandrous

III. In dicot stems, a new cambium originates from cells of pericycle at the time of secondary growth

IV. Both photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation involve uphill transport of protons across the membrane

How many of the above statements are true?

a)

One

b)

Two

c)

Three

d)

Four

115.

Emerson’s enhancement effect and Red drop have been instrumental in the discovery of

a)

two photosystems operating simultaneously

b)

oxidative phosphorylation

c)

photophosphorylation and cyclic electron transport

d)

photophosphorylation and non-cyclic electron transport

116.

Water vapor comes out from plant leaf through the stomatal opening. Through the same stomatal opening, carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant during photosynthesis. Reason out the above statements using one of the following options.

a)

Both processes can happen together because the diffusion coefficient of water and CO2 is different

b)

Both processes cannot happen simultaneously

c)

One process occurs during day time and the other at night

d)

The above processes happen only during night time

117.

How many Calvin cycles form one hexose molecule

a)

2

b)

6

c)

4

d)

8

118.

In bacterial photosynthesis, the hydrogen donor is

a)

H2O

b)

H2SO4

c)

NH3

d)

H2S

119.

In blue-green algae photosystem-II contain an important pigment concerned with photolysis of water it is called

a)

B earotene

b)

Chlorophyll’ b’

c)

Cytochrome ‘c’

d)

Phycocyanin

120.

In C4 pathway or C4 photosynthesis carbobn dioxide fication occures in chloroplast of

a)

Palisade tissue

b)

Spongy mesophyll

c)

Bundle sheath

d)

Guard cells

121.

Light is necessary during photosynthesis for

a)

Evolution of hydrogen

b)

Photolysis of water

c)

Heating

d)

Breakdown of chlorophyll

122.

Make suitable pair

(A) Emerson effect – (a) C4 cycle

(B) Hill reaction – (b) Photolysis

(C) Calvin’s cycle – (c) C3 cycle

(D) Hatch and Slack cycle – (d) Photosystem-I & II

a)

Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd

b)

Aa, Bc, Cd Da

c)

Ac, Bd, Ca, Db

d)

Ad, Bb, Cc, Da

123.

Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll ‘a’ in having

a)

One pyrrole nucleus with one hydrogen

b)

One pyrrole nucleus with two hydrogen

c)

One pyrrole nucleus with three hydrogen

d)

One pyrrole nucleus with four hydrogen

124.

In chlorophyll molecule ‘’Mg’’ in situated in(A) (B) (C) (D)

a)

Centre of porphyrin ring

b)

Corner of porphyrin

c)

In phytol tail

d)

In isocyclic ring

125.

Which one of the following concerns with photophosphorylation

a)

ADP+ AMP (Light Energy)→ATP

b)

ADP+ Inorganic PO4(Light Energy)→ATP

c)

ADP+ Inorganic PO4 →ATP

d)

AMP +Inorganic PO4→ATP

126.

Photorespiration in C3 plants starts from

a)

Phosphoglycerate

b)

Glycerate

c)

Glycine

d)

Phosphoglycolate

127.

The substrate of photorespiration is

a)

Glycolate

b)

Glucose

c)

Pyruvic acid

d)

Acetyl CO-A

128.

Which one of the following categories of organisms do not evolve oxygen during photosynthesis

a)

Red algae

b)

Photosynthetic bacteria

c)

C4- plants with Kranz anatomy

d)

Blue green algae

129.

As compared to a C3 plant how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one molecule of hexose sugar by C4 plants

a)

Two

b)

Six

c)

Five

d)

Twelve

130.

Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) has the following range of wavelengths

a)

400-700 nm

b)

450-920 nm

c)

340-450 nm

d)

500-600 nm

131.

During photorespiration, the oxygen consuming reaction(s) occur in

a)

Grana of chloroplasts and peroxisomes

b)

Stroma of chloroplasts

c)

Stroma of chloroplasts and mitochondria

d)

Stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes

132.

The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II is

a)

Quinone

b)

Cytochrome

c)

Iron-sulphur protein

d)

Ferredoxin

133.

In the leaves of C4 plants, malic acid formation during CO2 fixation occurs in the cells of

a)

Epidermis

b)

Mesophyll

c)

Bundle sheath

d)

Phloem

134.

Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in

a)

Oscillatoria

b)

Rhodospirillum

c)

Chlorobium

d)

Chromatium

135.

Read the following four statements, A, B, C and D and select the right option having both correct statements Statements

(1) Z scheme of light reaction takes place in present of PSI only

(2) Only PSI is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation

(3) Cyclic photophosphorylation results into synthesis of ATP and NADPH2

(4) Stroma lamellae lack PSII as well as NADP

a)

1 and 2

b)

2 and 3

c)

3 and 4

d)

2 and 4

136.

The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is

a)

Chloroplast-mitochondria-peroxisome

b)

Chloroplast-vacuole-peroxisome

c)

Chloroplast-Golgi bodies-mitochondria

d)

Chloroplast-Rough endoplasmic reticulum-Dictyosomes.

137.

Structurally chlorophyll a and b are different as

a)

Chl a has a methyl group and Chl b has an aldehyde group

b)

Chl a has a carboxyl group and Chl b has an aldehyde group

c)

Chl a has an aldehyde group and Chl b has a methyl group

d)

Chl a has an ethyl group and Chl b has an aldehyde group

138.

Energy released during movement of electrons through the photosystems in photosynthesis is used to drive protons across the membrane against concentration gradient. As a result the protons accumulate in

a)

Thylakoid lumen

b)

Stroma

c)

Intra-thylakoid space

d)

Stromal lamella

139.

Sunken stomata are usually found in

a)

C3 plants

b)

CAM plants

c)

Insectivorous plants

d)

Phanerogams

140.

In the overall process of photosynthesis, the number of CO2, water, sugar and O2 molecules utilized and produced is

a)

12

b)

13

c)

19

d)

31

141.

During Calvin cycle the total number of C02, ATP and NADPH molecules utilized and glucose, ADP and NADP molecules generated is

a)

31

b)

36

c)

61

d)

67

142.

Which of the following statements regarding C4 pathway is false?

a)

The primary CO2 acceptor is phosphoenol pyruvate

b)

The enzyme responsible for CO2 fixation is PEP case

c)

The mesophyll cells lack RUBISCO enzyme

d)

The bundle sheath cells contain the enzyme PEP case.

143.

The first stable product of CO₂ fixation in sorghum is

a)

Succinic acid

b)

Phosphoglyceric acid 

c)

Pyruvic acid 

d)

Oxaloacetic acid

144.

In light reaction, plastoquinone facilitates the transfer of electrons from

a)

Cyt B6f complex to PS-I

b)

PS-I to NADP+

c)

PS-I to ATP synthase

d)

PS-II to Cyt B6f complex

145.

With reference to factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, which of the following statements is not correct?

a)

Increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration up to 0.05% can enhance CO₂ fixation rate

b)

C3 plants respond to higher temperatures with enhanced photosynthesis while C4 plants have much lower temperature optimum.

c)

Tomato is a greenhouse crop that can be grown in a CO₂-enriched atmosphere for higher yield.

d)

Light saturation for CO₂ fixation occurs at 10% of full sunlight.

146.

Assertion: O2 is liberated in the non-cyclic photophosphorylation.

 Reason: The liberation of oxygen is due to the photolysis of water.

a)

Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

b)

Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

c)

Assertion is true but the reason is false.

d)

Both assertion and reason are false.

147.

Assertion: In the C3 cycle, the first stable compound is the 3C compound.

Reason: In C4 plants Calvin cycle is absent.

a)

Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

b)

Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.

c)

Assertion is true but reason is false.

d)

Both assertion and reason are false.

148.

The empirical formula for chlorophyll a is

 

a)

 C35H72O5N4Mg

b)

C65H70O6N4Mg

c)

C55H72O5N4Mg

d)

C45H70O6N4Mg

149.

Which of the following is the key compound in the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, lipid and proteins

a)

PEP

b)

PGA

c)

Acetyl CoA

d)

α\alpha  -ketoglutarate

150.

How many oxidation, decarboxylation and substrate level phosphorylation occurs respectively during complete oxidation of two pyruvate molecule :–

a)

3, 5, 1

b)

6, 10, 2

c)

10, 6, 2

d)

5, 3, 1

151.

Pyruvate which is formed by the glycolytic catabolism of carbohydrates in the cytosol, after it enters into mitochondrial matrix it undergoes :

a)

Reductive amination

b)

Oxidation decarboxylation

c)

Reductive carboxylation

d)

Reductive decarboxylation

152.

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

a)

It is a nucleotide source for ATP synthesis.

b)

It functions as an electron carrier.

c)

It functions as an enzyme

d)

It is the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration.

153.

Which of these statements is incorrect?

a)

Glycolysis operates as long as it is supplied with NAD that can pick up hydrogen atoms

b)

Glycolysis occurs in cytosol

c)

Enzymes of TCA cycle are present in mitochondrial matrix

d)

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in outer mitochondrial membrane

154.

Which is required in glycolysis

a)

ATP, ADP, NAD+, Glucose, cytoplasmic enzymes

b)

FAD+, ADP, ATP, Glucose, cytoplasmic enzymes

c)

NADP+, ATP, GTP, Glucose, cytoplasmic enzymes

d)

NAD+, NADP+, ATP, Glucose, cytoplasmic enzymes

155.

How many ATP molecules are formed from three molecules of acetyl CoA in Krebs cycle excluding electron transport chain?

a)

5

b)

3

c)

6

d)

33

156.

Under which condition would you expect the mitochondrial proton gradient to be highest and therefore ATP synthesis to proceed?

a)

pyruvate (present)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (high)

b)

pyruvate (present)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (low)

c)

pyruvate (absent)-oxygen (present)-ATP levels (low)

d)

pyruvate (present)-oxygen (absent)-ATP levels (high)

157.

The number of substrate level phosphorylations in one turn of citric acid cycle is

a)

One

b)

Two

c)

Three

d)

Zero

158.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity during aerobic respiration requires:

a)

Calcium

b)

Iron

c)

Cobalt

d)

Magnesium

159.

Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, the first irreversible reaction of glycolysis, is catalyzed by :

a)

Enolase

b)

Phosphofructokinase

c)

Aldolase

d)

Hexokinase

160.

Respiratory Quotient (RQ) value of tripalmitin is

a)

0.9

b)

0.7

c)

0.07

d)

0.09

161.

Pyruvic acid, the key product of glycolysis can have many metabolic fates. Under aerobic condition it forms

a)

CO2 + H2O

b)

Lactic acid

c)

CO2

d)

Acetyl CoA + CO2

162.

In which of the following reactions of glycolysis, a molecule of water is removed from the substrate?

a)

Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate

b)

Fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6 bisphosphate

c)

2-phosphoglycerate → Phosphoenolpyruvate

d)

Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate

163.

For the synthesis of Fatty acids, which of the following substrates will be used?

a)

Acetyl CoA

b)

PGAL

c)

BPGA

d)

Pyruvic Acid

164.

Which metabolic pathway is a common pathway to both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism?

a)

TCA cycle

b)

ETS

c)

EMP pathway

d)

Kreb’s cycle

165.

ATP is –

a)

An energy currency

b)

a nucleotide

c)

formed in both respiration and photosynthesis

d)

All

166.

Glycolysis –

a)

Takes place in all living cells

b)

Causes partial oxidation of glucose (one molecule) to form 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 ATP as net gain

c)

Uses 2 ATP at two steps

d)

All

167.

Glycolysis is found in –

a)

Eukaryotic cells

b)

Anaerobic cells

c)

Virtually all cells

d)

Most muscle cells

168.

Correct sequence of events in Kreb’s cycle is –

a)

Acetyl CoA →Citrate →Pyruvate →

α -ketoglutarate →Succinate →Malate→ Fumarate→ OAA

b)

Acetyl CoA →Citric acid→α -ketoglutaric acid →Succinic acid →Fumaric acid→ Malic acid→ OAA

c)

Acetyl CoA →Citric acid →Malic acid →α-ketoglutaric acid →Succinic acid →OAA

d)

All are wrong

169.

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

a)

0%

b)

2%

c)

10%

d)

100%

170.

Which one of the following is the only 5-carbon compound formed during Krebs’ cycle?

a)

Malic acid

b)

Succinic acid

c)

Cis-aconitic acid

d)

α\alpha -ketoglutaric acid

171.

Cytochromes are found in

a)

Cristae of mitochondria

b)

Lysosomes

c)

Matrix of mitochondria

d)

Outer wall of mitochondria

172.

Oxidative phosphorylation is :-

a)

Addition of phosphate group to ATP.

b)

Formation of ATP by energy released from electrons removed during substrate oxidation.

c)

Formation of ATP by transfer of phosphate group from a substrate to ADP

d)

Oxidation of phosphate group in ATP

173.

Electrons from NADH produced in the mitochondrial matrix during citric acid cycle are oxidised by :–

a)

Complex II

b)

Complex III

c)

Complex I

d)

Complex IV

174.

Which statement is wrong for Krebs' cycle ?

a)

There is one point in the cycle where FAD+ is reduced to FADH2

b)

During conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid, a molecule of GTP is synthesised

c)

The cycle starts with condensation of acetyl group (acetyl CoA) with pyruvic acid to yield citric acid

d)

There are three points in the cycle where NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+

175.

Which of the following enzymes involved in Kreb’s cycle is not present in the mitochondrial matrix?

a)

Aconitase

b)

Malate dehydrogenase

c)

Fumarase

d)

Succinate dehydrogenase

176.

Glycolysis is part of

a)

Only anaerobic respiration

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Only aerobic respiration

d)

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

177.

plant hormones that play role to stimulate fruit ripening is ...

a)

auxin and ethylene

b)

cytokinin and ABA

c)

auxin and gibberellin

d)

ethylene and ABA

e)

gibberellin and cytokinin

178.

A gardener wants to have her decorative plant becomes shady and leafy, not only growing upward. What can you suggest to her?

a)

spray the leaves with cytokinin so it can widen the size of leaves

b)

inject the stem with artificial gibberellin so it can breaks dormancy

c)

water the plant with auxin solution to promote primary growth

d)

cut the upper part of the shoot in order to minimize the apical dominance

e)

apply abscissic acid to promote abscission of leaf, flower, and fruit

179.

a phenomenon shown in picture below is mainly promoted by the presence of ...

a)

Auxin and ABA

b)

Ethylene and Cytokinin

c)

ABA and Gibberellin

d)

ABA and Ethylene

e)

Cytokinin and Auxin

180.

Which of the following growth regulators can fit either of the groups (promoter and inhibitor) –

a)

C2H4

b)

ABA

c)

GA

d)

IAA

181.

3 terms – Inhibitor-B, Abscission II and Dormin are used for the same hormone. That hormone is –

a)

Auxin

b)

ABA

c)

C2H4

d)

GA

182.

Which one(s) is acidic in nature?

a)

Auxins

b)

GAs

c)

ABA

d)

All

183.

Bolting is –

a)

Internodal elongation just prior to flowering in beet, cabbage and many plants with rosette habit.

b)

A type of grafting

c)

Nodal elongation in certain plants

d)

None

184.

Which one is false?

a)

GA3 is used to speed up the malting process in brewing industry

b)

Spraying juvenile conifers with GAs hastens the maturity, thus leading to early seed production

c)

GA3 is a commercially available gibberellin

d)

GA3 cannot increase the length of internode in sugarcane

185.

Two cytokinins are kinetin and Zeatin. What is the difference between the two?

a)

Kinetin is the active form of zeatin

b)

Zeatin is the active form of kinetin

c)

Zeatin is a synthetic cytokinin and kinetin is naturally occuring

d)

Zeatin is a naturally occuring plant cytokinin, kinetin is not

186.

Cytokinins are formed primarily in which area of the plant?

a)

Tips of shoot

b)

Root

c)

Stem

d)

Lateral buds and leaves

187.

Auxin and Cytokinin are antagonistic in which of the following functions?

a)

Cell division

b)

Phototropism

c)

Apical dominance

d)

Geotropism

188.

Kinetin, a modified adenine (purine) was discovered from –

a)

the autoclaved herring sperm DNA

b)

Coconut milk

c)

Corn-Kernel

d)

Fungus

189.

Cytokinin helps in delay of leaf senescene by –

a)

Increasing more water absorption by root

b)

Increasing rate of translocation of organic solutes

c)

Promoting nutrients mobilization

d)

Formation of adventitious buds

190.

Which of the following is a potent weedicide ?

a)

IPA

b)

TIBA

c)

BAP

d)

2, 4-D

191.

Seed dormancy can be broken by :

a)

ABA and GA3

b)

GA3 and ethylene

c)

IAA and ABA

d)

ABA and IPA

192.

Seedless fruits can be induced by

a)

ABA and IAA

b)

ABA and Zeatin

c)

IAA and GA3

d)

Ethylene and ABA

193.

Fruit and leaf drop at early stages can be prevented by the application of:

a)

Ethylene

b)

Auxins

c)

Gibberellic acid

d)

Cytokinins

194.

Vernalization

a)

Help in shortening the period between germination and flowering

b)

Is useless for monocots

c)

Is high temperature treatment to some annual crops

d)

More than one option is correct.

195.

Removal of shoot tips is a very useful technique to boost the production of tealeaves. This is because :

a)

Gibberellins delay senescence of leaves.

b)

Gibberellins prevent bolting and are inactivated.

c)

Auxins prevent leaf drop at early stages.

d)

Effect of auxins is removed and growth of lateral buds is enhanced.

196.

In order to increase the yield of sugarcane crop, which of the following plant growth regulators should be sprayed?

a)

Cytokinins

b)

Ethylene

c)

Auxins

d)

Gibberellin

197.

Which one includes growth promoters?

a)

Auxin, Cytokinin, ABA

b)

GA, Cytokinin, C2H4

c)

C2H4, ABA

d)

Auxin, Cytokinin, GA

198.

Which one include growth inhibitors?

a)

ABA, Cytokinin

b)

GA, IAA

c)

ABA, C2H4

d)

None

199.

The hormone responsible for phototropism is –

a)

Auxin

b)

C2H4

c)

ABA

d)

GA

200.

The phenomenon of apical dominance is strengthened by –

a)

Removal of the tip

b)

Removal of leaves

c)

Auxin production

d)

Production of fruits

201.

Which GA was the first Giberrellin to be discovered?

a)

GA1

b)

GA2

c)

GA3

d)

GA4

202.

Gibberellins have many effects. Which one of the following is not an effect of gibberellins in plants?

a)

Bolting

b)

Delay senescence

c)

Increase the grapes stalk

d)

Induces dormancy

203.

Which of the following hormones causes fruits like apple to elongate and improve its shape –

a)

GA

b)

ABA

c)

NAA

d)

2, 4 D

204.

Auxin was first isolated from –

a)

Coleoptile of oat

b)

Human urine

c)

Maize

d)

tea

205.

The term “auxin” is used for –

a)

IAA

b)

NAA

c)

2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T

d)

All

206.

Which one is correct?

a)

IAA and IBA are natural but NAA , 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T are synthetic auxins

b)

IAA and NAA are natural but IBA, 2, 4, 5-T and 2, 4-D are synthetic auxin

c)

NAA and 2, 4, 5-T are natural but IAA, IBA and 2, 4-D are synthetic hormones

d)

IAA, NAA, IBA, 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T are synthetic auxins

207.

Removal of shoot tips (decapitation) means loss of apical dominance and it is widely applied in –

a)

Tea plantation

b)

Hedge-making

c)

Both a and b

d)

Bolting

208.

During ripening of the fruits, rate of respiration is increased under the influence of hormone. It is called Climacteric respiration. The hormone is –

a)

ABA

b)

Auxin

c)

C2H4

d)

GA

209.

I. Cytokinin is primarily concerned with cell division

II. C2H4 breaks seed and bud dormany

III. ABA stimulates the opening of stomata

IV. C2H4 initiates germination in peanut seeds, sprouting of potato tubers

V. ABA is synergistic to GA

The false statement is –

a)

I, II, IV

b)

III, V

c)

III, IV

d)

IV, V

210.

Which one is stress hormone –

a)

ABA

b)

C2H4

c)

GA7

d)

IAA

211.

I. “Y” hormone induces flowering in mango and also promotes rapid internode / petiole elongation in deep water rice plants and hence helping leaves or upper part of shoot above water.

II. “X” hormone promotes root growth and root hairs formation

III. “Z” hormone inhibits the seed germination, increases the tolerance of plant to various stresses, play important role in seed development, maturation and dormancy.

Identify the correct names of hormones

a)

Y = ABA; X = Auxin; Z = GA

b)

Z = GA; X = Auxin; Y = C2H4

c)

Y = Auxin; X = C2H4; Z = GAA

d)

Y = C2H4; X = C2H4; Z = ABA

212.

The most widely used compound as a source of C2H4 is –

a)

Kinetin

b)

Zeatin

c)

IBA

d)

Ethephon

213.

moves away from light

a)

auxin

b)

gibberellin

c)

cytokinin

d)

ethylene

214.

Which hormone causes internodes to lengthen?

a)

Gibberelins

b)

Etiolation

c)

Tropism

d)

Cytokins

215.
Is the pictured graph growth, decay, or linear or none?  
a)
Exponential Growth
b)
Exponential Decay
c)
Linear
d)
None
216.

Phytochrome is a photosensitive pigment involved in

a)

Geotropism

b)

Phototropism

c)

Photoperiodism

d)

Photorespiration

217.

In which of the following living species, phytochrome, the blue-green pigment is found?

a)

Algae

b)

Fungi

c)

Flowering plants

d)

Vascular cryptograms

218.

A plant that requires less than 10 hours of light to flower is called

a)

Day-neutral plant

b)

short-day plant

c)

Long day plant

d)

short-night plant

219.

When the dark period of long-day plants is interrupted by brief exposure to light, then the plant

a)

Produces more flowers

b)

Will not bear any flowers

c)

Turns into a short-day plant

d)

Produces flowers immediately

220.

Which of the following pigment involved in red-far red light interconversion?

a)

Cytochrome

b)

Lycopene

c)

Phytochrome

d)

Xanthophyll

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