2) For consumers soil quality means plentiful, healthful, and inexpensive food.

3) For people active in production agriculture; soil quality may highly productive land, sustaining or enhancing productivity, maximizing profits, or maintaining the soil resource for future generations.

4) For the environmentalist soil quality means highly productive land, sustaining or enhancing productivity, maximizing profits, or maintaining the soil resource for future generations

5) Soil fertility is controlled by the biological characteristics only.

6) Fertilizers provide nutrient substances to improve the growing of crops exceptNitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus.

7) Fertilizers provide nutrient substances to improve the growing of crops such as Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus.

8) Soil fertility increases impacts on water quality, air and climate change.

9) The appearance of deficiency symptoms on plants has not been commonly used as an index of soil fertility evaluation.

10) Visual method of soil fertility evaluation is very difficult, expensive .

11) Plant (total) analysis indicates the actual removal of nutrients from the soil and identifies nutrient status of plant and deficiency of nutrient element .

12) Soil is made up of three essential elements .

13) Inorganic fraction Provides support to plant roots .

14) Carbon (C) rich materials provide energy for microbes and other decomposers .

15) C:N ratio optimum is between 1:25 to 1:30 .

16) High-nitrogen sources provide the cellulose needed by the composting bacteria for conversion to sugars and heat. (e.g. starch and cellulose) .

17) High-nitrogen sources provide the most concentrated protein, which allow the compost bacteria to survive and multiply. (e.g. animal manures, fruit and vegetable trimmings, leaves ) .

18) Composting Pile Starts with bottom layer of green materials .

19) The maximum decomposition occurs when compost temperatures range from 35-45 degrees C.

20) Temperature is a good indicator of effective composting .

31) One of the most important features of bio-coal is that it contains a few amount of carbon .

32) Biochar is produced by so-called thermochemical conversion of organic material under limited supply of O2, and at a relatively high temperature .

33) Biochar has a large inner surface area .

34) Biochar decrease soil water holding capacity .

35) Biochar (BC) has been used for improving soil quality, remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil .

36) Fast pyrolysis is the rapid thermal decomposition of carbonaceous organic matter in the present of oxygen .

37) All biochars have the same characteristics

38) Engineered biochar and designer biochar are also commonly used terms for biochar modifications .

39) A soil test is a chemical method for estimating the nutrient supplying power of a soil .

40) The element's function can be replaced by another element .

41) Labeling is very important in soil sampling .

42) Changes in biochar properties are expected after its aging in the soil .

43) The smaller soil particles (stones, gravel, and coarse sands) are generally rock fragments consisting of several different minerals .

44) Larger particles tend to be made of a single mineral .

45) Clay particles are large enough (2.0 to 0.05 mm) to be seen by the naked eye and they allow for more air and water movement .

46) Sand particles are the smallest mineral particles (0.002 mm) and,they are heavy and hold a lot of water .

47) Silt particles (0.05 to 0.002 mm) are intermediate between sand and clay – both water holding capacity and fertility.

48) The presence of water in soils is not essential for the survival and growth of plants and other soil organisms .

49) An important function of the soil is ventilation, allowing O2 to escape and fresh CO2 to enter the root zone.

51) The amounts necessary for large yields of good quality vary with different crops and even with different stages of the same crop .

52) Maximum area or yield is obtained as the integrity of the equilateral triangle is maintained by increasing the three sides, necessarily equally .

53) Small differences in length of the fertile triangle are usually not significant, but large differences, particularly if one side dominates the triangle, can seriously affect crop production .

54) The health and yield of crops are largely dependent on Air only.

55) Nutrients are absorbed by plants from the soil .

56) Fertilizers are not needed because there are always enough nutrients in the soil for healthy growth of plants .

57) Non-mineral nutrients such as N & K .

58) Mineral nutrients such as O2 & H2 .

59) Mineral nutrients come from other parts of the environment like the atmosphere .

60) Mineral nutrients come from the soil .

61) A fertilizer is a chemical compound that is given to a plant to promote growth .

62) Organic fertilizers are made from natural products, like manure or compost .

63) Inorganic fertilizers refer to industrially produced compounds.

64) Urea is produced by the reaction of Ammonium sulfate with carbon dioxide .

65) Non-Compound fertilizer contains two mixed primary elements .

66) Compound fertilizer contains two mixed primary elements .

67) Fertilizers usually provide the three major plant nutrients N, P & K

68) In Ostwald process Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia .

69) In Haber process Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia.

70) Life can exist without nutrients .

71) Plants and animals both need chemicals which they cannot produce themselves .

72) The nutrients are absorbed by plants through their roots.

73) Nitrogen can be absorbed by organisms directly from the air.

74) nitrogen cannot be absorbed by organisms directly from the air , it must first be converted into nitrates by reacting it with oxygen .

75) Ammonium sulfate can be produced industrially through the reaction of ammonia with sulfuric acid .

76) Inorganic fertilizer consist of 3 groups: primary , secondary & micro .

77) Inorganic fertilizer needed in large quantity .

78) Inorganic fertilizer provide accurate control over their nutrient supply .

79) Nitric acid and ammonia can react together in an acid-base process to form NH4NO3

80) Chicken droppings from an organic farm would not be considered an organic fertilizer .

81) Cow manure from a conventional farm that uses commercial fertilizers and pesticides would be considered organic .

82) Cow manure from a conventional farm that uses commercial fertilizers and pesticides would not be considered organic .

83) If a lot of synthetic chemicals are added to a soil, it eventually loses its organic matter percentage and micro-biotic activity .

84) Organic fertilizers require intensive industrial process to produce or prepare.

85) In places where organic farming was heavily practiced thousands of years ago, the farms are still fertile .

86) Organic fertilizers contain the harmful chemicals that contribute to the pollution and contamination of water and land .

87) Blood meal is a rich source of Na .

88) Bone meal is a great source of "K" and contains up to 15% Mg .

89) Shellfish fertilizer or shell meal is a great source of calcium in addition to phosphorus .

90) Fish emulsion results from the accumulation of animal waste through sedimentation and compaction

91) Ammonium sulfate can be produced industrially through the reaction of ammonia with sulfuric acid

92) Inorganic fertilizer consist of 3 groups: primary , secondary & micro ( √ ) 93) Inorganic fertilizer needed in large quantity

94) Inorganic fertilizer provide accurate control over their nutrient supply .

95) Nitric acid and ammonia can react together in an acid-base process to form NH4NO3.

96) Nutrients are absorbed by plants from the soil .

97) Fertilizers are not needed because there are always enough nutrients in the soil for healthy growth of plants

98) Non-mineral nutrients such as N & K .

99) Mineral nutrients such as O2 & H2 .

100) Mineral nutrients come from other parts of the environment like the atmosphere.

101) Life can exist without nutrients .

102) Plants and animals both need chemicals which they cannot produce themselves.

103) The nutrients are absorbed by plants through their roots.

104) Nitrogen can be absorbed by organisms directly from the air .

105) nitrogen cannot be absorbed by organisms directly from the air , it must first be converted into nitrates by reacting it with oxygen

106) Mineral nutrients come from the soil .

107) A fertilizer is a chemical compound that is given to a plant to promote growth .

108) Organic fertilizers are made from natural products, like manure or compost.

109) Inorganic fertilizers refer to industrially produced compounds.

110) Urea is produced by the reaction of Ammonium sulfate with carbon dioxide .

111) Non-Compound fertilizer contains two mixed primary elements .

112) Compound fertilizer contains two mixed primary elements .

113) Fertilizers usually provide the three major plant nutrients N P & K .

114) In Ostwald process Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia .

115) In Haber process Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia .

The anaerobic environment in paddy soil is responsible for the gaseous loss of fertilizer nitrogen by

In a predominantly biological system, mineralization of phosphorus from organic matter of crop residues is dependent on soil -------- activity:

Ammonium sulphate contains approximately ----------:

Bat Guano is rich in soluble..........…

The fertilizer industry will be looked at under three main parts, Such as ............:

At pH -------H+ ion toxicity is lessened by the removal of these ions:

There are three classes of microbes working in a compost pile……… :

Composting process consists from ...... stages .

The Optimum Carbon : Nitrogen Ratio is between :

.……is used as a catalyst and the equilibrium must be pushed to the right .

These are absorbed from the soil in the form of dissolved salts: Nitrates, phosphates and…….. salts

is the transformation of organic material (plant matter) through decomposition into a biologically humus-rich substance suitable for growing plants.

.………are produced by adding acid to ground phosphate rock.

Hot composting temperature is :

Mineral nutrients are absorbed from the soil in the form of dissolved salts.……:

Invertebrates (insects and earthworms), and Microorganisms help in …….. Process .

.........is produced by the reaction of ammonia with carbon dioxide .

In Haber Process, Nitrogen and Hydrogen combine to form ..……:

Moisture level in composting is………:

Fertilizers usually provide the three major plant nutrients , There are :

The C/N ratio of the material decline over the course of decomposition-------

Organic fertilizers are made from natural products, like..……

The processes that used on Industrial production of fertilizers are…….. Process.

..……is a chemical compound that is given to a plant to promote growth.