WorksheetsOCR A level Psychology Core Study: Milgram (1963)
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 15mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
As a member of the Jewish community, who's family had left Europe for the US to escape the Nazi atrocities, Milgram was interested in ______.
a)
destructive obedience
b)
constructive obedience
c)
blind obedience
d)
negotiated obedience
2.
Early research into the Holocaust suggested the atrocities could be attributed to the German culture. This is known as a ________.
a)
dispositional hypothesis
b)
situational hypothesis
c)
directional hypothesis
d)
experimental hypothesis
3.
Milgram (1963) believed social processes were responsible for the atrocities not individual characteristics. This is know as a _________.
a)
dispositional hypothesis
b)
situational hypothesis
c)
directional hypothesis
d)
experimental hypothesis
4.
The aim of Milgram's (1963) study was to investigate how obedient people would be to orders from person in authority that would result in ______.
a)
pain and harm to another person
b)
pain and harm to themselves
c)
no pain or harm to another person
d)
pain and harm for everyone
5.
More specifically, Milgram's (1963) aim was to see how large ____ participants would give to ____ when ordered to by a scientist in his own lab.
a)
an electric shock; a helpless man
b)
a wet sock; a hapless man
c)
an electric shock; a hapless man
d)
an electric shock; a harmless man
6.
Milgram's (1963) study could best be described as a _____ because it had only one condition.
a)
pre-experiment
b)
lab experiment
c)
field experiment
d)
natural experiment
7.
Milgram's (1963) dependent variable was ______.
a)
obedience
b)
the presence of an authority figure
c)
proximity of the authority figure
d)
status of the institution
8.
Milgram's (1963) used a ______ sample. Participants were paid $4.50 each after they had been recruited through newspaper adverts.
a)
volunteer
b)
random
c)
stratified
d)
systematic
9.
Milgram's (1963) sample consisted of ___ aged between _____.
a)
40; 20 - 50
b)
50: 30 - 60
c)
30: 20 - 60
d)
60; 25 - 55
10.
Milgram's (1963) participants were guaranteed to be the teacher because _____.
a)
the drawing of lots was rigged
b)
none wanted to be the learner
c)
the other participant wanted to be the learner
d)
the confederate (learner) couldn't read
11.
The teacher (particpant) first read out a list of word-pairs to the learner (confederate). They then read out the first word of a word-pair giving the learner __ options to choose from. Incorrect responses were punished with _____.
a)
4; an electric shock
b)
4; a slap on the head
c)
3; an electirc shock
d)
4; an electric eel
12.
The only shock in the whole procedure was _____.
a)
a test shock of 45V given to the teacher
b)
a test shock of 45V given to the learner
c)
a test shock of 45V given to the experimenter
d)
a test shock of 45V given to the Milgram
13.
The electric shock generator had _____ and increased in _____ intervals from 15V - 450V.
a)
verbal descriptions; 15V
b)
visual descriptions; 15V
c)
verbal descriptions; 30V
d)
visual descriptions; 30V
14.
The experimenter, Mr. Williams, had ______ to encourage them to ______, e.g. "It is absolutely essential that you continue"
a)
4 prompts; continue
b)
3 prompts; continue
c)
5 prompts; consider their withdrawal
d)
5 prompts; relax
15.
After participants had completed the procedure they were _____, asked _____ and _____.
a)
All other options
b)
interviewed
c)
to rate how painful the shocks were on a scale of 1 - 14
d)
debriefed
16.
Milgram's (1963) results showed that ____ of participants administered at least the ____ shock.
a)
100%; 300V
b)
100%; 450V
c)
65%; 450V
d)
65%; 300V
17.
Milgram's (1963) results showed that ____ of participants administered the maximum ____ shock.
a)
100%; 300V
b)
100%; 450V
c)
65%; 450V
d)
65%; 300V
18.
Milgram's (1963) analysis of qualitative data, i.e. assessing participants' body language and interviews, indicated participants showed ____ during the procedure.
a)
signs of tension
b)
signs of life
c)
signs of indifference
d)
signs of psychopathy
19.
Milgram (1963) concluded people are _____ to ______ than we might expect.
a)
much more obedient; destructive orders
b)
much less obedient; destructive orders
c)
much more obedient; constructive orders
d)
much less obedient; constructive orders
20.
Milgram (1963) concluded the experience of _____ destructive orders is _____.
a)
receiving and obeying; highly stressful
b)
obeying; highly stressful
c)
receiving; highly stressful
d)
receiving and obeying; not stressful
21.
A strength of Milgram's (1963) study is due to the high control of a lab setting many _______ meaning he could be reasonably confident it was the ______.
a)
confounding variables; independent variable affecting the dependent variable
b)
extraneous variables; independent variable affecting the dependent variable
c)
confounding variables; dependent variable affecting the independent variable
d)
extraneous variables; dependent variable affecting the independent variable
22.
A strength of Milgram's (1963) study collected ______. Therefore it has the strengths of both types of data.
a)
quantitative and qualitative data
b)
quartile and qualtative data
c)
quantitative and questionable data
d)
quantitative and quarantine data
23.
A strength of Milgram's (1963) study is, although it was made difficult, participants had the ______.
a)
right to withdraw from the study
b)
right to withdraw claim insanity
c)
right to phone a friend
d)
right to draw the study
24.
A strength of Milgram's (1963) study is has ______. This is because the procedure has been replicated many times with results being relatively consistent.
a)
good reliability
b)
good validity
c)
good generalisability
d)
good applications
25.
Milgram's (1963) use of a volunteer sample is a limitation as most people who volunteer are _____.
a)
not typical and therefore are unlikely to be representative of the wider population
b)
typical and therefore are unlikely to be representative of the wider population
c)
not typical and therefore are likely to be representative of the wider population
d)
not typical and therefore are unlikely to be unrepresentative of the wider population
26.
Why could Milgram's (1963) study be accused of lacking ecological validity?
a)
It's unlikely you'll find yourself operating an electric shock machine in everyday life
b)
It's unlikely you'll find yourself teaching a friend word-pairs in everyday life
c)
It's unlikely you'll find yourself being ordered to do something harmful in everyday life
d)
It's unlikely you'll find others operating an electric shock machine in everyday life
27.
Why could Milgram's (1963) study be considered unethical?
a)
Participants were exposed to psychological harm
b)
Participants' identity was anonymised
c)
Participants were paid
d)
Participants were interviewed after the experiment had finished
28.
Which is the most appropriate explanation for Milgram's (1963) sample being unrespresentative of the wider population? All participants were male and they were from the same geographical area. This means the sample
a)
All participants were male and they were from the same geographical area
b)
All participants were male and they from a wide geographical area
c)
Participants were male and female
d)
All participants were male and they were from a range of occupations
29.
One application of Milgram's (1963) study is a better understanding of factors affecting destructive obedience. Therefore, this allows bodies like the International Criminal Court to _____.
a)
in some cases predict atrocities before they take place
b)
understand the motivation of world leaders
c)
prevent genocide by educating school children
d)
prevent genocide by educating politicians
30.
Another application of Milgram's (1963) study is a better understanding of plane crashes. Tarnow (2000) analysed 37 records of plane crashes finding that ___ could have been prevented if ______.
a)
25%; pilots had not obeyed orders from the ground
b)
25%; pilots had obeyed orders from the ground
c)
45%; ground control operators had not obeyed orders from the pilot
d)
35%; ground control operators had not obeyed orders from the pilot
100 %
