The most common type of shock, the volume of extracellular fluid is significantly diminished, primarily because of lost or reduced blood or plasma (serum)

(a)  

Hypovolemic shock also known as what

(a)  

Amount of fluid in the circulatory system is not reduced, yet the fluid circulation does not permit effective tissue perfusion

(a)  

Distributive shock also called what

(a)  

The rarest type of shock, results from injury that affects the vasomotor center in the medulla of the brain or to the peripheral nerves that extend from the spinal cord to the blood vessels

(a)  

Septic shock also known as what

(a)  

Has the highest mortality rate of the various types of shock.

(a)  

An inflammatory state without a proven source of infection

(a)  

A complication of overwhelming inflammation that results in massive cellular, tissue, and organ injury

(a)  

Harmful chemicals released by bacterial cells, are probably the major cause of septic shock

(a)  

A severe allergic reaction that follows exposure to a substance to which a person is extremely sensitive

(a)  

Occurs when there is interference with the circulation of blood into and out of the heart, compromising the volume of blood that enters and leaves the heart en route to the lungs and tissues

(a)  

Heart contraction is ineffective, which reduces cardiac output

(a)  

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute

(a)  

The first stage of shock, during which several physiologic mechanisms attempt to stabilize the spiraling consequences

(a)  

Neurotransmitters that stimulate responses via the sympathetic nervous system

(a)  

Secreted by the pituitary, also known as vasopressin

(a)  

Promotes reabsorption of water that the kidneys would ordinarily excrete

(a)  

Stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete corticosteroid hormones

(a)  

Help the body respond to stress

(a)  

Aldosterone is an example. Conserve sodium and promote potassium excretion.

(a)  

Occurs as compensatory mechanisms fail. Client's condition spirals into cellular hypoxia, coagulation defects, and cardiovascular changes.

(a)  

Decreased oxygen reaching the cells

(a)  

A less efficient mechanism for meeting energy requirements

(a)  

The energy source for operating the sodium and potassium pumps, sodium and water enter the cell, and potassium exits into the extracellular fluid

(a)  

Occurs when significant cells and organs become damaged. "Point of no return."

(a)  

APACHE scoring system stands for:

(a)  

Decreased urine formation

(a)  

Drugs with alpha-adrenergic activity, increase peripheral vascular resistance and raise BP

(a)  

Drugs with beta-adrenergic activity that increase heart rate and improve the force of heart contraction

(a)  

A primary provider orders 0.3 mg epinephrine SQ stat for a client experiencing anaphylaxis. Calculate the amount the nurse should administer if the label indicates that the drug is supplied in a 1:1000 strength solution. (a)   mL

If an adequate urine output is 0.5 mL/kg/hour, calculate the expected hourly urine output for a client recovering from shock who weighs 185 lb? (a)   mL/hr

Similar to sunburn. The epidermis is injured, but the dermis in unaffected.

(a)  

Classified as either superficial or deep partial thickness, depending on how much dermis is damaged

(a)  

Destroys all layers of the skin and is consequently painless. Tissue appears charred or lifeless.

(a)  

Increased rate of breathing

(a)  

A hard, leathery crust of dehydrated skin

(a)  

Administration of 100% oxygen at three times greater than atmospheric pressure in a specially designed chamber

(a)  

(exposure method) exposes the burned areas to air, has been virtually abandoned since the advent of effective topical antimicrobials

(a)  

Regrowth of skin

(a)  

An incision into the eschar done to relieve pressure on the affected area

(a)  

The current preferred method of wound management because it creates a microbial barrier, reduces heat loss through evaporation, and provides a moist environment that facilitates healing

(a)  

The removal of necrotic tissue

(a)  

A skin (a)   is a temporary covering

Skin (a)   refers to the transferring of the client's own skin to another area

Skin graft: Obtained from animals, principally pigs or cows.

(a)  

Skin graft: A biologic source of skin similar to that of the client.

(a)  

Xenograft also called

(a)  

Allograft also called

(a)  

Skin graft: Uses the client's own skin, which is transplanted from part of the body to another

(a)  

Skin graft: The epidermis and a thin layer of dermis are harvested from the client's skin

(a)  

Skin graft: May be 0.035 inch thick, includes epidermis, dermis, and some SQ tissue.

(a)  

Skin graft: Used when the area available as a donor site is limited, as in clients with extensive burns

(a)  

Slit graft also called:

(a)  

In ______ _____, the most common type of shock, the volume of extracellular fluid is significantly diminished, primarily because of lost or reduced blood or plasma

(a)  

In shock, the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood falls below (a)   mmHg

______ ______ _______ is the pressure of blood in the right atrium or venae cavae. It distinguishes relationships among hemodynamic variables in shock: venous return, quality of right ventricular function, and vascular tone

(a)  

Drugs with ______-______ ______ increase peripheral vascular resistance and raise BP

(a)  

In shock, the pulse pressure tends to (a)   as the falling systolic pressure nears the diastolic pressure

Capillaries filling longer than 3 seconds and cyanosis, especially of the nail beds, lips, and earlobes, indicate _____ _____

(a)  

_____-______-______ _____ is a mechanism that restores BP when circulating volume is diminished

(a)  

______ ______ has the highest mortality rate of the various types of shock

(a)  

A life-threatening condition that occurs when arterial blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues and cells are inadequate. This condition develops as a consequence of one of three events:

-Blood volume decreases

-The heart fails as an effective pump

-Peripheral blood vessels massively dilate

(a)  

The type of shock that is sometimes called normovolemic shock because the amount of fluid in the circulatory system is not reduced, yet the fluid circulation does not permit effective tissue perfusion

(a)  

The diagnostic measurement that is used because left ventricular function is more pertinent to circulation than the right. Knowing fluid pressures on left side of the heart is more meaningful

(a)  

The category of drugs that are the main medications used to treat shock

(a)  

A body cavity that when filled with fluid, air, or tissue can lead to obstructive shock

(a)  

Drugs in this category increase heart rate and improve the force of heart contraction

(a)  

The leading cause of cardiogenic shock

(a)  

Two isotonic IV solutions commonly used to treat hypovolemic shock

(a)  

Vasodilators appropriate for use in cardiogenic shock

(a)  

Increase heart rate, myocardial contractility, and dilate bronchi

(a)  

Raises BP by constricting arterioles

(a)  

Help(s) the body respond to stress by secreting cortisol

(a)  

Causes sodium and water to be reabsorbed by the kidney to raise BP

(a)  

Low blood volume stimulates secretion which promotes reabsorption of water that the kidneys would ordinarily excrete

(a)  

The primary provider orders 0.2 mg of epinephrine (Adrenalin) SQ stat when a client experiences an allergic reaction. Calculate how much volume the nurse should administer if the medication is supplied in 1mg/mL.

(a)  

A burn is a (a)   injury to the skin and underlying tissues. Heat, chemicals, or electricity cause burn injuries.

(a)   is the removal of necrotic tissue

A disadvantage of surgical debridement is (a)  

An (a)   or homograft is human skin obtained from a cadaver

______ ______ are a temporary covering that promotes wound healing by interacting directly with body tissues. It can be applied all over the burn wound as soon as the skin is cleaned and debrided instead of having to wait until enough skin is available for grafting purposes

(a)  

After a burn, fluid from the body moves toward a burned area, which accounts for (a)   at the burn site

Thermal injuries cause the (a)   in cells to coagulate

A (a)   is obtained from animals

Generally, the drug of choice to manage severe pain for a burn victim. (______ ______ IV)

(a)  

If the eschar constricts the area and impairs circulation, this procedure, which involves an incision into the eschar, is done to relieve pressure on the affected area. (a)  

The regrowth of skin. (a)  

Only skin transplanted from one identical twin to another, or this type of graft, can become a permanent part of the client's own skin. (a)  

The epidermis and a thin layer of dermis are harvested from the client's skin. This type of autograft is usually obtained from the buttocks or thighs. (______-_____ _____)

(a)  

This type of autograft includes epidermis, dermis, and some SQ tissue. It is used when the burned area is fairly small or involves the hands, face or neck. (______-_____ _______)

(a)  

A wound-closure product that is developed by growing the client's own skin cells in a lab culture medium. From a piece of postage-stamp sized skin, a sheet of epithelial cells may be grown, which is then transferred to the burned areas. ______ ______

(a)  

This develops because the heat literally destroys erythrocytes. (a)  

These burns also produce heat, which is the greatest at the points of entry to and exit the body. (______ _____;______)

(a)  

This is a hard, leathery crust of dehydrated skin. (a)  

Calculate the volume of Lactated Ringer's IV solution a client should receive for fluid resuscitation when the primary provider orders 4mL/kg/% of burn. The client weighs 186 lb and has a 50% total body surface burned area. Round the client's weight to the nearest whole number.

(a)  

Calculate the volume the nurse should program an electronic infusion device if the client is to receive half of 10,000 mL of IV fluid in the first 8 hours. Record your answer using a whole number. ( (a)   mL/hour)

An adult client was burned as a result of an explosion. The burn initially affected the client's entire face (the anterior half of the head) and the upper half of the anterior torso, and there were circumferential burns to the lower half of both arms. The client's clothes caught on fire and the client ran, which caused subsequent burn injuries on the posterior surface of the head and upper half of the posterior torso. According to the rule of nines, what is the extent of this client's burn injury? ( (a)   %)

When treating shock, drugs are (a)   to client responses.

Evidence suggests that low-dose (a)   reduces mortality in cases of severe septic shock.

Clients with burns:

(a)   develops because heat literally destroys erythrocytes. The client with burns experiences hemoconcentration when the plasma components of blood is lost or trapped. The sluggish flow of blood cells through blood vessels results in inadequate nutrition to health body cells and organs.

Clients with burns:

Myoglobin and hemoglobin are transported to the kidneys, where they may cause _______ ______ and acute renal failure

(a)  

Clients with burns:

The release of histamine as a consequence of the stress response increases gastric acidity. The client with a burn is prone to develop ______ ______

(a)  

Cardiac arrhythmias and CNS complications are common among victims of (a)   burns