Drug Causes of Hyperglycemic Emergencies (Select all that apply)

Evidence supports basal-bolus approach over other glycemic control methods

Dosing Insulin in DKA/HHS

What is the preferred treatment for this patient?

In the absence of glucose (Select all that apply)

In the presence of glucose (Select all that apply)

Promotes glucose intake in muscles and adipose cells

Insulin (Select all that apply)

Glucagon (Select all that apply)

Glucagon (Select all that apply)

Which of the following enzymes inactivates GLP-1?

Incretins (Select all that apply)

Juvenile onset or insulin dependent

Adult onset or non-insulin dependent, insulin resistant

Hyperglycemia (Select all that apply)

DM type 2 major causes (Select all that apply)

Chronic complications of Diabetes are due to consequences of activation which protein?

Microvascular complications? Select all that apply

Macrovascular complications? Select all that apply

Absence of insulin

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (Select all that apply)

Peptides Parenteral Drugs? Select all that apply

Non-Peptides (Oral) antidiabetic drugs? Select all that apply

Two peptide chain connected by disulfide linkages?

In insulin products which of the following are important for activity? Select all that apply

GLY 23, PHE 24, PHE 25, TYR 26 are important in insulin products for activity.

In insulin products what could be modified at A-chain?

In insulin products Chain B, which one can be modified? Select all that apply

Which ingredient helps in faster absorption in FIASP (Aspart) insulin?

Inhaled insulin

Ultra rapid acting and recombinant insulin

Glargine insulin modifications? Select all that apply

Detemir insulin modifications?

Degludec insulin modifications?

Insulin products considerations? Select all that apply

Insulin products at NEUTRAL pH deamidation of?

Insulin products at LOWER pH deamidation of?

Which of the following promotes formation of hexamer and stability in insulin products?

Insulin products adverse reactions? Select all that apply

Analog of human glucagon with additional amino acids?

Group of gastric hormones stimulating release are commonly called?

GLP-1 Agonists (Select all that apply)

Isolated from saliva of the Gla monster and used BID (twice daily)?

It has a fatty acid molecule, longer half life and used DAILY?

GLP-1 analog with stearic diacid substitution

Oral form of Ozempic

Adverse effects of DDP4 Inhibitors? Select all that apply

DDP4-Inhibitors (Select all that apply)

Which of the following DDP4-Inhibitors has metabolized issues by CYP3A4/5?

Saxagliptin has metabolized issues with which of the following?

Which of the following DDP4 Inhibitors is eliminated in the feces and enterohepatic recycling ?

Which group is mainly responsible for LONGER DOA in Saxagliptin (24 days) and Alogliptin (21 days)?

GLP-1 agonists adverse effects? Select all that apply

Which of the following GLP-1 agonist is fused to a fatty molecule to increase it’s half life?

Following functional group in Saxagliptin is responsible for its pseudoirreversible nature?

Bulkier substituents at R1 increases molecular affinity for SUR1 receptors

Sulfonylureas (SUs)

First generation SUs longest DOA (36 hours) is ?

R1 of first generation SUs

R1 of second generation SUs

Sulfonylureas : Second Generation (Select all that apply)

Sulfonylureas also inhibit hepatic clearance of insulin

Tolbutamide has which group on R1?

Acetohexamide has which group on R1

Chlorpropamide has which group on R1?

Sulfonylureas 2ng Generation? Select all that apply

Sulfonylureas adverse effects? Select all that apply

Which of the following drug can produce much longer hypoglycemic side effect as seen with SUs and therefore contraindicated in elderly?

Non-sulfonylurea derivatives, Substituted Benzoic Acids or ‘Glinides’ aka Meglinitides? Select all that apply

Which of the following drug is the most potent?

Causes Hypoglycemia (Select all that apply)

Bind to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) receptors in fat cells and making the cells more responsive to insulin (aka insulin sensitizers)

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) aka Insulin sensitizer (Select all that apply)

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) adverse effects? Select all that apply

SGLT2 inhibitors (Gliflozins) (Select all that apply)

Ertugliflozin (Steglatro®) ingredients? Select all that apply

Which of the following has a the highest half life or longest DOA of 16.6?

Highly polar, basic drug, almost 100% eliminated by kidneys?

Eliminated by active tubular secretion (OCT)?

Multiple mechanisms of action of Metformin? Select all that apply

Metformin mechanisms of action? Select all that apply

Secondary effects for Metformin? Select all that apply

Avoid in patients with liver or kidney failure, respiratory disease, cardiac disease (CHF) & during procedures involving contrast media

releases glucose from larger carbohydrates

Sugar monomer like structure and highly absorbed

Sugar ring changed to cyclohexene, -O- replaced with –NH-, Drug excreted in feces (51%), Metabolites excreted in urine

Take with food

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors? Select all that apply

Miglitol is an example of

Metformin belongs to which of the following class of anti-diabetics?

Which of the following statements is not applicable to metformin?

Weight loss (Select all that apply)

Weight NEUTRAL (Select all that apply)

Weight gain (Select all that apply)

Depolarization of beta cells in pancreas leads to:

Which of the following is inactivated by insulin?

Which of the following is not secreted by pancreatic cells?

Which of the following is NOT a complication of diabetes?

All of the following amino acids residues in insulin can be modified except:

Different insulin formations have different efficacy as well as pharmacokinetics.

Which of the following GLUT receptor types promotes glucose uptake in fat cells?

Increased glucose leads to PARP activation, which in turn inactivates Protein Kinase C.

Which of the following causes a fruity scent (like nail polish remover) type smell in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Which of the following GLP-1 agonists has the longest half life?

Januvia (Sitagliptin) inactivates which enzyme?

GLP-1 agonist vary on their onset of action?

Insulin products vary in their duration of action?

What happens with PKC activation?

Glucose binding to what receptor causes insulin release?

Can cause severe disabling joint pain

flu-like symptoms is a specific side effect of ?

Incretin Enhancers

Incretin Mimetic

1.5 mL pen holds 450 units.

What is the goal range for pre-prandial BG?