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WorksheetsHEMA LEC (Automation)
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
A principle of Automation where also known as Coulter principle.
Electrical impedance
Oscilloscope
Flow cytometry
RF
It is determined using a high frequency electromagnetic probe that provides information on the cells internal constituents
Sheath fluid
Detectors
Flagging
Conductivity
changes in electrical impedance (resistance) produced by a particle as it passes through a small aperture
Coulter
Flow cytometry
Analysis of Instumental Data Output
RF
display the pulses that are generated by the cells as they interrupt the current
Volume of Histogram
Thresholds
Hct determination
Oscilloscope
depicts the volume distribution of the cells counted
Volume of histogram
Sheath fluid
Flagging
CBC
separate the cell populations on the histogram, and the count is the cells enumerated between the lower and upper set thresholds for each population
Volume thresholds
Conductivity
RF frequency
Hydronamic focusing
The factors that may affect volume measurment, except
Aperture diameter
Protein build up
Recirculation of cell
Formability of RBC
sample stream is surrounded by a sheath fluid as it passes through the central axis of the aperture
Oscilloscope
Hct dtermination
Volume thresholds
Hydronamic focusing
Cumulative RBC pulse height detection
Hct determination
Scattergram
Histogram
Conductivity
Beckman Coulter calculated output in Hct
RBC x MCV
RBC x MCHC
Mean pulse
RBC x CV
Coulter and Bayer RDW calculated output
CV %
Relative value to CV
RDW-SD
HCT/RBC
Sysmex calculated output in Hct, RDW and MCV
Mean pulse, RDW-SD, HCT/RBC
RBC x MCV, CV%, Mean RBC
RBC x MCV, relative CV , Mean RBC
WBC x MCV, CV%, Mean RBC
Abbott's calculated output
RBC x MCV, value of CV, Mean of RBC
Mean pulse, RDW-SD, CV%
CV, Mean pulse, HCT/RBC
RBC x MCV, CV%, Mean of RBC
Bayer's calculated output
RBC x MCV, value of CV, Mean of RBC
Mean pulse, RDW-SD, HCT/RBC
RBC x MCV, CV%, Mean of RBC
Mean pulse, CV%, Mean of RBC
These are the causes of spurious increased in WBC parameter
Cryoglobulin, cryofibrinogen, Heparin Monoclonal proteins, NRBC, Platelet clumping
Clotting, Smudge cells, Uremia plus immunosuppressants
Autoagglutination, High WBC (>50,000/uL), Hyperglycemia, Reduced red cell deformability
Cryoglobulin, cryofibrinogen, Giant platelets, High WBC (>50,000/uL), Hyperglycemia (>600mg/dL)
It is the resistance to a high voltage electromagnetic current flowing between both electrodes simultaneously
Conductivity
RF frequency
Flow cytometry
Detectors
Volume threshold of RBC
30-45 fL
24-38 fL
2-20 fL
24-36 fL
Volume threshold of WBC
20-45 fL
30-45 fL
2-20 fL
24-36 fL
Volume threshold of Platelets
24-36 fL
30-45 fL
2-20 fL
20-36 fL
simultaneous measurement of multiple physical characteristics of a single cell as the cell flows in suspension through a measuring device
RF
Flow cytometry
Instrumental Data output
VSC
Types of Flow Cytometry are
Sheath fluid, Detectors, Focused light, Flourochromes, Gating
Oscilloscope, Volume of Histogram, Threshold, Hydronamic, Hct determination
AG, WU, UD, PU Flag
Consuctivity, RF resistance
0 deg forward angle =
Cell structure and complexity
Lobularity
Resolves eosinophils
Cell size
10 deg light scatter =
Cell structure and complexity
Cell size
Resolves eosinophils
Lobularity
90 deg light scatter =
Cell structure and complexity
Cell size
Resolves eosinophils
Lobularity
Depolarized 90deg =
Lobularity
Resolves eosinophils
Cell size
Cell structure and complexity
In VSC technology, __________is using direct current impedance, the volume of each cell is measured
Volume
Conductivity
Scatter
In VSC technology, _________ radiofrequency penetrate the cell which generates the data points of cell size and cell internal structure
Volume
Conductivity
Scatter
In VSC tecnology, _________mid angle scatter detected by a beam of laser light which generates data about
Volume
Conductivity
Scatter
A single channel that analyzes approximately 8000 cells in a near native condition
VSC
Flow cytometry
Flagging
Sheath fluid
General characteristics of having Histograms, symmetrical bell-shaped or Gaussian distribution, flattened curve, and depict presence of subpopulations
Analysis of Instrumental data output
Flow cytometry
RF
Electrical impedance
TRUE or FALSE
Decreased MPV are Aplastic Anemia, Megaloblastic Anemia, Wiskott-Alrich Syndrome, and after Chemotherapy
True
False
Increased MPV, except
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Post splenectomy
Sickle cell anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
abnormal curve in front of lower discriminator
AG
PU
WU
deviation on upper discriminator curve
AG
WU
UD
Abnormal height at upper discriminator. Also appears when UD exceeds the present height by >40%
AG
WU
PU/UD
Possible causes of UD Flag, except
Platelet clumps
Giant platelets
Micro RBCs
Macro RBCs
Isotonic value of RBC
36-360 fL
46-460 fL
2-30 fL
36-46 fL
Isotonic platelets
2-20 fL
2-30 fL
2-40 fL
36-360 fL
Hypotonic lymphocytes
90-160
80-160
160-450
35-90
Hypotonic monocytes
90-160
35-90
80-160
160-450
Hypotonic granulocytes
160-450
35-90
80-160
90-160
Electrical impedance would include:
CBC, Scattergram, Histogram, Conductivity
CBC, RF, Histogram, Scattergram
CBC, Scattergram, Histogram, Flagging
CBC, Flagging, RF, Histogram
Most common Instrumental Error problem
Aperture plugs
Electrical pulses
Bubbles
Instrumental error due to improper grounding
Aperture plugs
Electrical pulses
Bubbles
Instrumental Error due to vigorous shaking
Aperture plugs
Electrical pulses
Bubbles
