the term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create goods

part of the production process that puts together components

a production process in which the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products

tailoring products to meet the needs of individual customers

A production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises and parts, supplies, and other needs are delivered just in time to go on the assembly line.

consistently producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customer

the production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production

The uniting of computer-aided design with computer-aided manufacturing.

The physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process

A computer-based operations management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place.

The process of testing statistical samples of product components at each stage of the production process and plotting those results on a graph. Any variances from quality standards are recognized and can be corrected if beyond the set standards.

the process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process to assure that quality is being built into the product from the beginning

A method for analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, estimating the time needed to complete each task, and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project.

a collection of the best practices for managing am organization's impact on the environment

a quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million opportunities

the personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals

Something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; including pay increases, praise, and promotions.

studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques

Studies, begun by Frederick Taylor, of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task.

Theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied

theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs

In Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction.

the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions

In Herzberg's theory of motivating factors, job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased.

Peter Drucker's system of goal setting and implementation; it involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers, supervisors, and employees.

Victor Vroom's theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome

the idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions

a motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself

a job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment

a job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another