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Re-exam

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A nucleus is found within...

a)

Eukaryotic cells

b)

Prokaryotic cells

2.

What organelles are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome

b)

Cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleoid

d)

Cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleoid

3.

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

a)

Stores genetic information

b)

Absorbs sunlight and allows photosynthesis to take place

c)

Controls what enters and exits the cell

d)

The site where chemical reactions take place in the cell

4.

What is one condition of the cell theory?

a)

That all living things consist of one or more cells

b)

That all living things are bacterial in nature

c)

That all living things are eukaryotic in nature

d)

That all living things are prokaryotic in nature

5.

What are the basic structural units of all living things?

a)

Cells

b)

Organs

c)

Tissues

d)

Organ systems

6.

What is the function of mitochondria?

a)

The provide energy to the cell through the production of ATP

b)

The give the cell support

c)

They store the genetic information of the organism

d)

They trap energy from the Sun that can be used for photosynthesis

7.

Which organelle produces proteins in the cell?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell wall

d)

Plasma membrane

8.

Which of the following is an example of monosaccharides?

a)

maltose

b)

starch

c)

fructose

d)

lactose

9.

Lactose is also known as

a)

milk sugar

b)

table sugar

c)

malt sugar

d)

fruit sugar

10.
What type of carbohydrate is this?
a)
polysaccharide
b)
disaccharide
c)
monosaccharide
d)
it isn't a carbohydrate
11.
What is not a type of carbohydrate?
a)
Fat
b)
Fiber
c)
Starch
d)
Sugar
12.

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

a)

starch

b)

fructose

c)

glucose

d)

galactose

13.

Which polysaccharide is used by plants to store glucose?

a)

glycogen

b)

cellulose

c)

starch

d)

chitin

14.

Which polysaccharide is used by plants to make their cell wall?

a)

starch

b)

glycogen

c)

cellulose

d)

chitin

15.

What makes up the disaccharide sucrose?

a)

glucose + glucose

b)

glucose + fructose

c)

glucose + galactose

d)

glucose + maltose

16.
How do the number of H atoms compare to the number of O atoms in a carbohydrate?
a)
There are TWICE as many H
b)
They are the same amount
c)
There are THREE times as many H
d)
There are TWICE as many O
17.
The process of adding water in order to break bonds within a polymer....
a)
Dehydration Synthesis
b)
Hydrolysis
18.
What elements make up carbohydrates?
a)
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
b)
sulfur, carbon, hydrogen
c)
glucose and fructose
d)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
19.

How are sugars formed in nature?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Hydrolysis

d)

Dehydration

20.

How many carbons are found in glucose?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

e)

6

21.

Which of the following are of elements of fatty acid structure?

i. A long hydrocarbon chain

ii. A carboxylic acid group

iii. Methyl or omega (ω) end

iv. water

a)

i, ii and iii

b)

ii, iii and iv

c)

i, iii and iv

d)

i, ii, iii and iv

22.

Which of the following are the categories of fatty acids?

i. saturated

ii. monounsaturated

iii. polyunsatured

iv. lipoprotein

a)

i, ii, iii and iv

b)

i, ii and iii

c)

ii, iii and iv

d)

i, iii and iv

23.

fully occupied by hydrogen atoms

Which of the following is closely related to the above statement?

a)

saturated fatty acid

b)

monounsaturated fatty acid

c)

polyunsaturated fatty acid

d)

cis fatty acid

24.

increase risk of heart disease

Which of the following is closely related with the above statement?

a)

saturated fatty acid

b)

monounsaturated fatty acid

c)

polyunsaturated fatty acid

d)

cis fatty acid

25.

liquid at room temperature but start to solidify at refrigerator temperatures

Which of the following is closely related to the above statement?

a)

saturated fatty acid

b)

monounsaturated fatty acid

c)

polyunsaturated fatty acid

d)

triglycerides

26.

has two or more double bonds between carbons

Which of the following is closely related to the above statement?

a)

saturated fatty acid

b)

monounsaturated fatty acid

c)

polyunsaturated fatty acid

d)

lipoprotein

27.

____________reduced heart disease risk

a)

saturated fatty acid

b)

monounsaturated fatty acid

c)

triglycerides

d)

lipoprotein

28.

bad cholesterol

Which of the following is closely related to the above statement?

a)

HDL

b)

LDL

c)

vitamin A

d)

fiber

29.

Which of the following are functions of cholesterol?

i. Component of cell membrane

ii. Needed for synthesize of some hormones

iii. Needed for synthesize of vitamin D in the skin

iv. Needed for synthesize of bile acids

a)

i, ii and iii

b)

ii, iii and iv

c)

i, iii and iv

d)

i, ii, iii and iv

30.

transport lipids in blood and lymph

Which of the following is closely related to the above statement?

a)

Monounsaturated fatty acid

b)

Triglycerides

c)

Lipoprotein

d)

Waxes

31.
What are the components of a nucleotide?
a)
nitrogen base, phosphate group, and pentose sugar
b)
pentose sugar, purine, and pyrimidine
c)
nitrogen base and a phosphate group
d)
DNA, phosphate group, monosaccharide
32.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA from the point of view of the nitrogenous bases that are present in their nucleotides?
a)
In DNA, nucleotides can be made up of A, T, C, G. In RNA, nucleotides can also contain A, C or G; however, instead of T, they contain U.
b)
Purine and Pyrimidine
c)
Pyrimidine: Thymine, Cytosine (Urical)
d)
DNA, RNA
33.
RNA contains the sugar...
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Glucose
c)
Ribose
d)
Lipids
34.
Which macromolecule is shown?
a)
lipid
b)
protein
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrate
35.

What sugar is found in DNA?

a)

Glucose

b)

Ribose

c)

Deoxyribose

d)

Fructose

36.
Which of these is true about RNA?
a)
Has a double helix
b)
Has a single helix
c)
Contains thymine
37.
Which is the correct pairing?
a)
A-C
b)
A-T
c)
A-G
38.
Which is the correct pairing?
a)
T-C
b)
G-T
c)
G-C
39.
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine are what?
a)
Phosphates
b)
Sugars
c)
Nucleotides
d)
Bases
40.
What kind of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
a)
Hydrogen bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Covalent bonds
41.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

Double Hyperbola

b)

Paraolic

c)

Double Helix

d)

Linear

42.
Guanine is complementary to what other nitrogenous base?
a)
Cytosine
b)
Adenine
c)
Thymine
d)
Uracil
43.

What is a codon?

a)

a protein that combine with DNA molecules to form nucleosomes

b)

a determinant of characteristics in living organisms

c)

made up of three nitrogenous bases that codes for an amino acid

44.

What characteristic of the structure of DNA allows DNA to carry coded genetic information?

a)

the sequence of nitrogenous bases

b)

the sequence of 5-carbon sugars

c)

the quantity of phosphate groups

d)

the quantity of each type of nitrogenous base

45.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

46.

Jennie is in the lab conducting an experiment to see the effect that lipase has on each of the four macromolecules. Jennie discovers that lipase had no effect on carbohydrates, proteins, or nucleic acids but converted lipids into fatty acid and glycerol. Which of the following explains her findings?

a)

Enzymes have no effect on macromolecules. 

b)

Enzymes change shape to accommodate all substrates that are present. 

c)

Enzymes work on multiple substrates.

d)

Enzymes only work on a specific substrate.

47.

Enzymes are proteins that help increase the rate of chemical reactions inside cells. Which statement is true of enzymes?

a)

Enzymes are not consumed during the chemical reaction. 

b)

Enzymes can each catalyze many different chemical reactions.

c)

Enzymes function by splitting apart into their amino acid monomers.

d)

Enzymes increase the amount of energy needed to start the reaction.

48.

f the temperature was increased to 100o Celsius during a chemical reaction involving an enzyme, which of the following is most likely to occur?

a)

The chemical reaction will progress more slowly due to a decrease in energy. 

b)

The enzyme will typically denature, speeding up the chemical reaction.

c)

The enzyme will typically denature, slowing the chemical reaction.

d)

The chemical reaction will progress more quickly due to increased energy.

49.

Analyze the graph pictured.

What is the estimated optimum pH at which this enzyme functions?

a)

7

b)

2

c)

4

d)

10

50.

Which special protein lowers the activation energy thus allowing reactions to move more quickly?

a)

Hormones

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic acids

d)

Enzymes

51.

Which statement correctly describes enzymes? 

a)

Enzymes create energy to power chemical reactions. 

b)

Enzymes are consumed by the reaction they catalyze. 

c)

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions. 

d)

Enzymes create different products than the normal reaction. 

52.

What is another name for glycolysis?

a)

citric acid cycle

b)

pyruvate

c)

fermentation

d)

exergonic reaction

53.

What is the only molecule that can start the Krebs Cycle?

a)

Citrate

b)

Lactate

c)

Pyruvate

d)

Acetyl CoA

54.

What are the 2 electron carriers in the krebs cycle?

a)

FADH2 and NADH

b)

NADH and H+

c)

CO2 and GTP

d)

FAD and FADH2

55.

the TCAC, also known as the?

a)

Krebs cycle

b)

mitochondrial diseases

c)

Citrate synthase

d)

Fumarase

56.

Who is the Krebs cycle named after?

a)

Hance krebs

b)

Hans krebs

c)

George krebs

d)

Paul krebs

57.

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

a)

Inner membrane of Mitochondria

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Mitochondrial Matrix

d)

Cytosol

58.

What does "decarboxylation" indicate?

a)

Removal of CO2

b)

Gain of CO2

c)

Removal of Electrons

d)

Gain of electrons

59.

Which of the following enzymes participates into the Krebs Cycle?

a)

Fumarate

b)

Succinyl CoA

c)

Fumarase

d)

Malate

60.

Which of the following is/are product/s of the krebs cycle for one glucose molecule entering the Krebs cycle?

a)

4 molecules of NADH

b)

2 molecules of FADH2

c)

1 molecule of Carbon

d)

2 molecules of ATP

61.
How do cells get energy to perform their necessary functions?
a)
Cells get energy by dissolving waste products of the body.
b)
Cells get energy by moving water from one organelle to another.
c)
Cells get energy by taking in nutrients from food.
d)
Cells get energy only by taking in oxygen from the atmosphere.
62.

Glycolysis is a metabolic pathways that

I. Produces ATP

II. Produces NAD+

III. Produces pyruvate

IV. Occurs in cytoplasm

a)

I, II, III

b)

I, II, IV

c)

I, III, IV

d)

I, II, III, IV

63.

Glycolysis is an energetically costly process.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

Phosphorylation on glucose will activate the glucose molecule.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

___________ will cleave the hexose into two molecules of triose.

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Glucokinase

c)

Aldolase

d)

Enolase

66.

________ molecules of ATPs are invested and total ________ molecules of ATPs are formed in the end of glycolysis.

a)

One; two

b)

Two; four

c)

Two; two

d)

Four; four

67.

Reaction to convert phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate is highly exergonic that produces

a)

ATP

b)

GTP

c)

Water

d)

Carbon dioxide

68.

Net production of ATP molecules in glycolysis is four.

a)

True

b)

False

69.

Pyruvate is readily to be converted to the following substances EXCEPT

a)

Alanine

b)

Acetyl CoA

c)

Lactic acid

d)

Phosphoenolpyruvate

70.

NAD+ is regenerated in order to sustain glycolysis in anaerobic condition.

a)

True

b)

False

71.
A single unit of sugar is referred to as:
a)
Monosaccharide
b)
Monocarbohydrate
c)
Mononutrient
d)
Monopolymer
72.

What DOESN'T contribute to the amino acid pool?

a)

Degrading tissue proteins

b)

Making essential amino acids in the body

c)

Proteins from food

d)

Trick question! Everything contributes

73.

How does stomach acid aid protein digestion?

a)

Disrupts ionic bonds so food proteins denature

b)

Hydrolyses peptide bonds to enzymes can "attack" food proteins

c)

Modulates amino acid transporters in the stomach wall

d)

Disrupts ionic bonds to activate enzymes

74.

Which part of an amino acid provides a source of energy?

a)

The whole molecule

b)

The whole molecule EXCEPT the carboxyl group

c)

The whole molecule EXCEPT the amino group

d)

The amino group

75.

In what form is N transported through blood to the liver?

a)

Ammonium ion

b)

Gluten

c)

An amino acid

d)

Urea

76.

What makes an amino acid non-essential?

a)

Not metabolised by the body

b)

Not needed to build proteins but can be burnt for energy

c)

Must be provided by the diet

d)

Can be synthesised by the body

77.

Pyridoxal phosphate can be temporarily converted to pyridoxamine phosphate. What type of reaction is this?

a)

Amination

b)

Deamination

c)

Oxidative deamination

d)

Transamination

78.

What substrates does the enzyme cysteine transaminase need?

a)

L-cysteine + any amino acid

b)

L-cysteine + L-glutamate

c)

L-cysteine + any α-keto acid

d)

L-cysteine + α-ketoglutarate

79.

Which amino acid has the most complex catabolism?

a)

Phenylalanine

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Asparagine

80.

What is NOT a name for a form of vitamin B3?

a)

Niacin

b)

Nicotinate

c)

Nicotinic acid

d)

Nicotine

81.

What is transamination?

a)

Swapping the carboxyl group on a molecule for an amino group.

b)

Liberating the amino group from an amino acid as free ammonia.

c)

Swapping the amino group on an amino acid for a carboxyl group.

d)

Liberating ammonia to molecules to create amino acids.

82.

Which of these situations would create a positive nitrogen balance in the body?

a)

Malnutrition

b)

Infection

c)

Pregnancy

d)

Starvation

83.

The unwanted amino acids abstracted from the tissues are either used up by the tissue or in the liver converted into

a)

uric acid

b)

ammonia

c)

urea

d)

ammonium salts

84.

Along with CO2, NH3 and ATP, the amino acid that is needed in urea cycle is

a)

Ala

b)

Asp

c)

Asn

d)

Arg

85.

The enzymes of urea synthesis are found in

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cytosol

d)

Both mitochondria and cytosol

86.

The 2 nitrogen atoms in urea are contributed by

a)

Ammonia and glutamate

b)

Glutamine and glutamate

c)

Ammonia and alanine

d)

Ammonia and aspartate

87.

In the gastrointestinal tract, the end product of protein digestion is

a)

dipeptide

b)

polypeptide

c)

amino acids

d)

tripeptide

88.

It is where the digestion of proteins begins?

a)

mouth

b)

stomach

c)

small intestine

d)

liver

89.

In the liver, where does the urea cycle begin?

a)

cytosol

b)

nucleus

c)

mitochondria

d)

cytosol and mitochondria

90.

What is the major biological macromolecule that functions as an energy reserve, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

91.

This refers to the synthesis and degradation of lipids for metabolic needs.

a)

Lipogenesis

b)

Lipid oxidation

c)

Lipodystrophy

d)

Lipid Metabolism

92.

What will happen when there are excess lipids?

a)

Blurry vision

b)

Slow healing of wounds

c)

Increased risk of heart diseases

d)

Frequent urination

93.

It is the simplest lipids formed by fatty acids

a)

Phospholipids

b)

Triacylglycerol

c)

Sphingolipids

d)

Cholesterol

94.

Which is turned into a product that plays a role in fatty acid oxidation but not in fatty acid biosynthesis?

a)

Niacin

b)

Pyridoxamine

c)

Thiamine

d)

Riboflavin

95.

What role does Acetyl-CoA play in lipid metabolism?

a)

Precursor for fatty acid biosynthesis

b)

Transport long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrion

96.

What do you call a triglyceride packaged along with cholesterol into a large lipoprotein particle?

a)

Chylomicrons

b)

Peroxisomes

c)

Lipoproteins

d)

Triacylglycerol

97.

Which is a sign of Lipid Malabsorption?

a)

Greasy stool

b)

Excess lipid-soluble vitamins

c)

Chest Pain

d)

Weight Gain

98.

What transports lipid from tissues to the liver?

a)

HDL

b)

LDL

c)

IDL

d)

SDL

99.

What are ketone bodies usually synthesized from?

a)

Acetyl-CoA

b)

Pre-B cell

c)

Methionine

d)

Pyruvate

100.

During beta-oxidation the 2-carbon unit removed from fatty acid is called ________

a)

pyruvate

b)

acetic acid

c)

acetyl CoA

d)

oxaloacetate

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